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Tang M, Wang L, Li H, Huang X, Du C, Lu S. Promoting effect of FeOx addition on the mechanochemically prepared vanadium-based catalyst for real PCDD/Fs removal and mechanism insight. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:478-487. [PMID: 37980032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Industrial-use VOx-based catalysts usually have a higher active temperature window (> 250-300°C), which becomes a "bottleneck" for the practical application of PCDD/Fs catalytic degradation technology. In this work, VOx-FeOx/TiO2 catalyst prepared via mechanochemically method was investigated for the catalytic removal of PCDD/Fs. The removal efficiency of 1,2-DCBz, pure PCDD/Fs gas generated in the lab, PCDD/Fs from actual flue gas, long-term were studied, and the degradation mechanism was explored using FTIR and TOFMS. The degradation efficiency of 1,2-DCBz and PCDD/Fs on VOx-FeOx/TiO2 were higher than that of VOx/TiO2 catalyst, and the optimal FeOx addition ratio was 3 wt.%. The characterization results show that the addition of FeOx can effectively improve the pore structure, surface acidity, and VOx dispersion of the catalyst, thus contributing to increasing the V5+ content and surface-active oxygen, which is conducive to the improvement of adsorption and redox performance of the catalyst. Under the actual MSWI (municipal solid waste incineration) flue gas, the PCDD/Fs removal efficiency over VTi-3Fe-MC maintained long-term stability, higher than 85% for 240 min. This result was not significantly reduced compared with the data obtained in the laboratory. According to the analysis results of intermediate products by FTIR and GC-TOFMS, it can be inferred that the epoxidation fracture of benzene ring is the rate-limiting step of dioxin catalytic degradation reaction. This work gives an in-depth view into the PCDD/Fs removal over VOx-FeOx/TiO2 catalysts and could provide guidelines for the rational design of reliable catalysts for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongxian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xinlei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Cuicui Du
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shengyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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2
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Bolan S, Padhye LP, Kumar M, Antoniadis V, Sridharan S, Tang Y, Singh N, Hewawasam C, Vithanage M, Singh L, Rinklebe J, Song H, Siddique KHM, Kirkham MB, Wang H, Bolan N. Review on distribution, fate, and management of potentially toxic elements in incinerated medical wastes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 321:121080. [PMID: 36702428 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Medical wastes include all solid and liquid wastes that are produced during the treatment, diagnosis, and immunisation of animals and humans. A significant proportion of medical waste is infectious, hazardous, radioactive, and contains potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (i.e., heavy metal (loids)). PTEs, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg), are mostly present in plastic, syringes, rubber, adhesive plaster, battery wastes of medical facilities in elemental form, as well as oxides, chlorides, and sulfates. Incineration and sterilisation are the most common technologies adopted for the safe management and disposal of medical wastes, which are primarily aimed at eliminating deadly pathogens. The ash materials derived from the incineration of hazardous medical wastes are generally disposed of in landfills after the solidification/stabilisation (S/S) process. In contrast, the ash materials derived from nonhazardous wastes are applied to the soil as a source of nutrients and soil amendment. The release of PTEs from medical waste ash material from landfill sites and soil application can result in ecotoxicity. The present study is a review paper that aims to critically review the dynamisms of PTEs in various environmental media after medical waste disposal, the environmental and health implications of their poor management, and the common misconceptions regarding medical waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia; Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL) National Research Network, Australia
| | - Lokesh P Padhye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vasileios Antoniadis
- University of Thessaly, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Volos, Greece
| | - Srinidhi Sridharan
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Narendra Singh
- Environmental Science Center, Decarbonisation and Resource Managemental, British Geological Survey, Nottinghamshire, NG12 5GG, Keyworth, UK
| | - Choolaka Hewawasam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Pitipana, Homagama, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea; Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, United States
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia; Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL) National Research Network, Australia.
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3
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Wang P, Lin X, Xu S, Li X, Ma Y, Liu W, Wu J, Ding J. Simultaneous removal of PCDD/Fs and mercury by activated carbon from a full-scale MSW incinerator in southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:2440-2449. [PMID: 35930157 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study emphasized on the removal performance of polychlorinated-ρ-dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and mercury by different activated carbon injection (ACI) rates from a full-scale (700 t/d) MSW incinerator. The result exhibited that the emission standard of PCDD/Fs and mercury could be met when the ACI rate reached 50 mg/Nm3 and 30 mg/Nm3, respectively. Lower chlorinated PCDD/Fs and PCDFs showed higher removal efficiencies compared with highly chlorinated PCDD/Fs and PCDDs, which could be attributed to the larger competitiveness of highly volatile congeners in AC adsorption than the lower volatile ones. AC turned out to have different adsorption selectivity for CP-routes PCDD/Fs congeners, among which 1379-TCDD was preferred to be absorbed while others exhibited little or poor selectivity for AC adsorption. The removal efficiency of PCDD/Fs was positively correlated with ACI rate at 99% confidence interval with a linear relationship (R2 = 0.98). Also, the outlet concentration of mercury decreased with the increase of ACI rate in a nearly linear function (R2 = 0.96). These results will be meaningful for the rational use of AC for pollutants control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shuaixi Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Development & Planning Institute, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiezhen Wu
- Zhejiang Development & Planning Institute, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jiamin Ding
- Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou, 318000, China
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4
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Szeliga Z, Honus S, Vavrova Z, Jirsa P, Vesely V, Carsky M, Vujanovic M, Regucki P, Krzyzynska R. Effect of HCl on a sorption of mercury from flue gas evolved during incineration of hospital waste using entrained flow adsorbers. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 140:74-80. [PMID: 35066454 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Small incinerators of dangerous wastes, including those from hospitals, are a source of emissions of highly variable compositions and concentrations. Mercury is a very dangerous pollutant causing neurotoxicity in human organism. The effect of HCl concentration on adsorption of mercury on activated carbon-based sorbent was studied for the incineration of hospital waste in a 250 kg/h capacity unit. The maximum concentration of adsorbed mercury on activated carbon was determined as a function of concentration of Hg and HCl in combustion products. Based on the expected chemical reactions and the thermodynamics, the adsorption of mercury from flue gases in oxidising atmosphere has been explained. The activated carbon-based sorbent was also capable of adsorbing acid gases like HCl. The efficiency of removal of mercury from combustion products increased up to 85-87% with the concentration of HCl in flue gases. The addition of calcium hydroxide increased the amount of mercury trapped on the sorbent only by about 10%. These tests proved that an entrained flow adsorber is a suitable unit for the removal of mercury from combustion products. The consumption of activated carbon for the mercury removal was from 0.1 to 0.15 mg/Nm3 of flue gas. The advantage of an entrained flow adsorber lies in its easy continuous operation. Therefore, it is a suitable unit for small and medium size incinerators of municipal and hospital waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbyszek Szeliga
- VSB Technical University Ostrava, Centre ENET, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; VSB-Technical University Ostrava, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Energy, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Honus
- VSB Technical University Ostrava, Centre ENET, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; VSB-Technical University Ostrava, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Energy, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Vavrova
- VSB Technical University Ostrava, Centre ENET, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jirsa
- SMS CZ Rokycany, Square U Saske brany 12, 337 01 Rokycany-Stred, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Vesely
- Institute of Chemical Processes Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojova 135/1, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Carsky
- VSB-Technical University Ostrava, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Energy, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemical Processes Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojova 135/1, 165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Vujanovic
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lucica 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paweł Regucki
- Wrocław University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Renata Krzyzynska
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Plac Grunwaldzki 13, 50-377 Wrocław, Poland
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Jung W, Jeong MH, Ahn KH, Kim T, Kim YH. Reduced graphene-oxide filter system for removing filterable and condensable particulate matter from source. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122223. [PMID: 32036316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the most serious problems facing mankind because of its impact on ecosystems and human beings. Although particulate matter (PM) consists of both filterable PM (FPM) and condensable PM (CPM), most research has focused on eliminating only FPM. In this work, we introduce a filter system that removes both FPM and CPM from pollution source with high efficiency. The system consists of two reduced graphene oxide (rGO) filters and a condenser between them that can remove the usual FPM and at the same time CPM-induced FPM that typically leaves the pollution source unabated. The filters, quite effective in removing the PM with their three-dimensional structure, retain the removal capability even at high temperature and in acidic condition that prevail at the pollution source. The proposed rGO system could provide a complete solution for removal of both FPM and CPM from the pollution source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonji Jung
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Min Hwan Jeong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Ahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea.
| | - Yong Hyup Kim
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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6
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Ansari M, Ehrampoush MH, Farzadkia M, Ahmadi E. Dynamic assessment of economic and environmental performance index and generation, composition, environmental and human health risks of hospital solid waste in developing countries; A state of the art of review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:105073. [PMID: 31421384 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted on hospital solid waste management (HSWM) throughout the world, especially developing countries. This interdisciplinary study aims to summarize the available knowledge on the health and environmental risks of hospital solid waste (HSW) and also, develop a dynamic associational assessment among hospital solid waste generation rate (HSWGR), hospital solid waste composition (HSWC), gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and environmental performance index (EPI) in some developing countries for the first time. The results of this study showed that researchers from India, China, Pakistan, Brazil, and Iran had found more evidence about the health, economic, and environmental issues in HSW than the other developing countries. The literature showed that the highest and lowest reported HSWGR (in national average level) belonged to Ethiopia (6.03) and India (0.24) kg bed -1 day-1, respectively. It has also been shown that all studied countries except Serbia, have higher levels of hazardous waste in their HSWC, based on the WHO's standard. Furthermore, the quantity and quality of HSW in developing countries depend on the service provided by the hospital, type of hospital, HSWM system, and the level of regional economic and culture. The association analysis showed that the EPI and GDP per capita of developing countries were significantly (p-value <0.05) associated with HSWGR, non-hazardous HSW, and hazardous HSW by the Spearman coefficients equal to 0.389, 0.118, -0.118, and 0.122, 0.216, and -0.346, respectively. However, it can be concluded that GDP per capita and EPI have a weak correlation with hazardous HSW and non-hazardous HSW. Moreover, HSW has many hazardous health and environmental risks such as dioxin and furan, that must be controlled and managed through implementing programs and policies based on sustainable development. As a final point, we believed that the present study can be considered to be a guide for future studies on HSWM in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ansari
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farzadkia
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Ahmadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wei GX, Liu HQ, Liu F, Zeng TT, Liu GS, Zhang R, Zhu YW. Effect of pH on the flotation performance of incinerator fly ash. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1540637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xia Wei
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, China
| | - Han-Qiao Liu
- School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong-tong Zeng
- School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gui-sheng Liu
- School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Wen Zhu
- School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, China
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Characteristics and Treatment Methods of Medical Waste Incinerator Fly Ash: A Review. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical waste incinerator fly ash (MWIFA) is quite different from municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash (MSWIFA) due to its special characteristics of high levels of chlorines, dioxins, carbon constituents, and heavy metals, which may cause irreversible harm to environment and human beings if managed improperly. However, treatment of MWIFA has rarely been specifically mentioned. In this review, various treatment techniques for MSWIFA, and their merits, demerits, applicability, and limitations for MWIFA are reviewed. Natural properties of MWIFA including the high contents of chlorine and carbonaceous matter that might affect the treatment effects of MWIFA are also depicted. Finally, several commendatory and feasible technologies such as roasting, residual carbon melting, the mechanochemical technique, flotation, and microwave treatment are recommended after an overall consideration of the special characteristics of MWIFA, balancing environmental, technological, economical information.
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Lu JW, Zhang S, Hai J, Lei M. Status and perspectives of municipal solid waste incineration in China: A comparison with developed regions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 69:170-186. [PMID: 28408280 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid expansion of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration, the applicability, technical status, and future improvement of MSW incineration attract much attention in China. This paper aims to be a sensible response, with the aid of a comparison between China and some representative developed regions including the EU, the U.S., Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan area. A large number of up-to-date data and information are collected to quantitatively and impartially support the comparison, which covers a wider range of key points including spatial distribution, temporal evolution, technologies, emissions, and perspectives. Analysis results show that MSW incineration is not an outdated choice; however, policy making should prevent the potentially insufficient utilization of MSW incinerators. The structure of MSW incineration technologies is changing in China. The ratio of plants using fluidized bed is decreasing due to various realistic reasons. Decision-makers would select suitable combustion technologies by comprehensive assessments, rather than just by costs. Air pollution control systems are improved with the implementation of China's new emission standard. However, MSW incineration in China is currently blamed for substandard emissions. The reasons include the particular elemental compositions of Chinese MSW, the lack of operating experience, deficient fund for compliance with the emission standard, and the lack of reliable supervisory measures. Some perspectives and suggestions from both technical and managerial aspects are given for the compliance with the emission standard. This paper can provide strategic enlightenments for MSW management in China and other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Lu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Sukun Zhang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jing Hai
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Ming Lei
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
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Kuzu SL, Saral A, Güneş G, Karadeniz A. Evaluation of background soil and air polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations on a hill at the outskirts of a metropolitan city. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 154:79-89. [PMID: 27038903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Air and soil sampling was conducted inside a forested area for 22 months. The sampling location is situated to the north of a metropolitan city. Average atmospheric gas and particle concentrations were found to be 180 and 28 pg m(-3) respectively, while that of soil phase was detected to be 3.2 ng g(-1) on dry matter, The congener pairs of PCB#4-10 had the highest contribution to each medium. TEQ concentration was 0.10 pg m(-3), 0.07 pg m(-3), 21.92 pg g(-1), for gas, particle and soil phases, respectively. PCB#126 and PCB#169 contributed to over 99% of the entire TEQ concentrations for each medium. Local sources were investigated by conditional probability function (CPF) and soil/air fugacity. Landfilling area and medical waste incinerator, located to the 8 km northeast, contributed to ambient concentrations, especially in terms of dioxin-like congeners. The industrial settlement (called Dilovasi being to the east southeast of 60 km distant) contributed from southeast direction. Further sources were identified by potential source contribution function (PSCF). Sources at close proximity had high contribution. Air mass transportation from Aliaga industrial region (being to the southwest of 300 km distant) moderately contributed to ambient concentrations. Low molecular weight congeners were released from soil body. 5-CBs and 6-CBs were close to equilibrium state between soil/air interfaces. PCB#171 was close to equilibrium and PCB#180 was likely to evaporate from soil, which constitute 7-CBs. PCB#199, representing 8-CBs deposited to soil. 9-CB (PCB#207) was in equilibrium between soil and air phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Levent Kuzu
- Yildiz Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, 34220, Davutpaşa-Esenler/Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Arslan Saral
- Yildiz Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, 34220, Davutpaşa-Esenler/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülten Güneş
- Bartin University, Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Kutlubey/Yazicilar Campus, 74100, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Aykut Karadeniz
- Yildiz Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, 34220, Davutpaşa-Esenler/Istanbul, Turkey
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