Ragab S, Elkatory MR, Hassaan MA, El Nemr A. Experimental, predictive and RSM studies of H
2 production using Ag-La-CaTiO
3 for water-splitting under visible light.
Sci Rep 2024;
14:1019. [PMID:
38200036 PMCID:
PMC10781765 DOI:
10.1038/s41598-024-51219-z]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ag-La-CaTiO3 was used in place of sacrificial agents to assess the influence of operational factors on hydrogen generation in a photocatalytic water splitting system. After being synthesized, the physicochemical features of this substance were accurately described. Several characterization techniques including UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, XPS, EDX, SEM, TGA, DRS and BET were applied to study the prepared Ag-La-CaTiO3 photocatalyst. Ag-La-CaTiO3 shows a band in the visible wavelength between 400 and 800 nm at < 560 nm compared to the main CaTiO3 band at 350 nm. Ag 4d5s electrons transition to the conduction band (CB), which is responsible for the absorption band at ~ 560 nm (> 2.21 eV). The effects of catalyst concentration, light intensity, and beginning solution pH on the H2 generation rate may all be evaluated simultaneously using experimental design procedures. Up to a maximum threshold, where a drop in the rate of gas evolution occurs, it was confirmed that the increase in catalyst dose positively affects system productivity. The initial solution pH plays a crucial role in H2 production, and pH = 4 and 10 are the optimum pH with a higher yield of H2 production. The highest total H2 production rate, 6246.09 μmol, was obtained using a catalyst concentration of 700 mg and solution pH equal to 10 under 1200 W Vis lamp for 3 h. For prediction and optimization, a D-Optimal design was applied and the optimal results were pH 4, the catalyst dose of 645.578 mg and 1200 W with H2 production of 6031.11 μmol.
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