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Chang AB, Dharmage SC, Marchant JM, McCallum GB, Morris PS, Schultz A, Toombs M, Wurzel DF, Yerkovich ST, Grimwood K. Improving the Diagnosis and Treatment of Paediatric Bronchiectasis Through Research and Translation. Arch Bronconeumol 2024; 60:364-373. [PMID: 38548577 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Bronchiectasis, particularly in children, is an increasingly recognised yet neglected chronic lung disorder affecting individuals in both low-to-middle and high-income countries. It has a high disease burden and there is substantial inequity within and between settings. Furthermore, compared with other chronic lung diseases, considerably fewer resources are available for children with bronchiectasis. The need to prevent bronchiectasis and to reduce its burden also synchronously aligns with its high prevalence and economic costs to health services and society. Like many chronic lung diseases, bronchiectasis often originates early in childhood, highlighting the importance of reducing the disease burden in children. Concerted efforts are therefore needed to improve disease detection, clinical management and equity of care. Modifiable factors in the causal pathways of bronchiectasis, such as preventing severe and recurrent lower respiratory infections should be addressed, whilst also acknowledging the role played by social determinants of health. Here, we highlight the importance of early recognition/detection and optimal management of bronchiectasis in children, and outline our research, which is attempting to address important clinical knowledge gaps discussed in a recent workshop. The research is grouped under three themes focussing upon primary prevention, improving diagnosis and disease characterisation, and providing better management. Our hope is that others in multiple settings will undertake additional studies in this neglected field to further improve the lives of people with bronchiectasis. We also provide a resource list with links to help inform consumers and healthcare professionals about bronchiectasis and its recognition and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Chang
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Paediatric Bronchiectasis (AusBREATHE), Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia.
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie M Marchant
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabrielle B McCallum
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Paediatric Bronchiectasis (AusBREATHE), Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Peter S Morris
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Paediatric Bronchiectasis (AusBREATHE), Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Andre Schultz
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute and Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Maree Toombs
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Paediatric Bronchiectasis (AusBREATHE), Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danielle F Wurzel
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie T Yerkovich
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Paediatric Bronchiectasis (AusBREATHE), Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Keith Grimwood
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Paediatrics, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Chang AB, Kovesi T, Redding GJ, Wong C, Alvarez GG, Nantanda R, Beltetón E, Bravo-López M, Toombs M, Torzillo PJ, Gray DM. Chronic respiratory disease in Indigenous peoples: a framework to address inequity and strengthen respiratory health and health care globally. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2024:S2213-2600(24)00008-0. [PMID: 38677306 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Indigenous peoples around the world bear a disproportionate burden of chronic respiratory diseases, which are associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality. Despite the imperative to address global inequity, research focused on strengthening respiratory health in Indigenous peoples is lacking, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. Drivers of the increased rates and severity of chronic respiratory diseases in Indigenous peoples include a high prevalence of risk factors (eg, prematurity, low birthweight, poor nutrition, air pollution, high burden of infections, and poverty) and poor access to appropriate diagnosis and care, which might be linked to colonisation and historical and current systemic racism. Efforts to tackle this disproportionate burden of chronic respiratory diseases must include both global approaches to address contributing factors, including decolonisation of health care and research, and local approaches, co-designed with Indigenous people, to ensure the provision of culturally strengthened care with more equitable prioritisation of resources. Here, we review evidence on the burden of chronic respiratory diseases in Indigenous peoples globally, summarise factors that underlie health disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people, propose a framework of approaches to improve the respiratory health of Indigenous peoples, and outline future directions for clinical care and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Chang
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Paediatric Bronchiectasis (AusBREATHE), Child and Maternal Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia.
| | - Tom Kovesi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory J Redding
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Pediatric Pulmonary Division, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Conroy Wong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Te Whatu Ora Counties Manukau, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gonzalo G Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca Nantanda
- Makerere University Lung Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edgar Beltetón
- Centro Pediátrico de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Maynor Bravo-López
- Centro Pediátrico de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Department of Pediatrics, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maree Toombs
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul J Torzillo
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Nganampa Health Council, Alice Springs, NT, Australia
| | - Diane M Gray
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Grimwood K, Kennedy E, Toombs M, Torzillo PJ, Chang AB. Chronic suppurative lung disease and bronchiectasis in children, adolescents and adults in Australia and New Zealand: TSANZ position statement summary. Med J Aust 2023; 219:516-519. [PMID: 37949609 PMCID: PMC10952737 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Grimwood
- Griffith UniversityGold CoastQLD
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health ServiceGold CoastQLD
| | | | | | | | - Anne B Chang
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Centre for Children's Health ResearchQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD
- Queensland Children's HospitalBrisbaneQLD
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Goyal V, Yerkovich ST, Grimwood K, Marchant JM, Byrnes CA, Masters IB, Chang AB. Phenotypic Features of Pediatric Bronchiectasis Exacerbations Associated With Symptom Resolution After 14 Days of Oral Antibiotic Treatment. Chest 2023; 164:1378-1386. [PMID: 37437879 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory exacerbations in children and adolescents with bronchiectasis are treated with antibiotics. However, antibiotics can have variable interindividual effects when treating exacerbations. RESEARCH QUESTION Can phenotypic features associated with symptom resolution after a 14-day course of oral antibiotics for a nonsevere exacerbation of bronchiectasis be identified? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Combining data from two multicenter randomized controlled trials, we identified 217 children with bronchiectasis assigned to at least 14 days of oral antibiotics to treat nonsevere (nonhospitalized) exacerbations. Univariable and then multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with symptom resolution within 14 days of commencing antibiotics. Identified associations were re-evaluated by mediation analysis. RESULTS Of the 217 study participants (52% male patients), 41% were Indigenous (Australian First Nations, New Zealand Māori, or Pacific Islander). The median age was 6.6 years (interquartile range, 4.0-10.1 years). By day 14, symptoms had resolved in 130 children (responders), but persisted in the remaining 87 children (nonresponders). Multivariable analysis found those who were Indigenous (adjusted OR [AOR], 3.59; 95% CI, 1.35-9.54) or showed new abnormal auscultatory findings (AOR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.56-9.52) were more likely to be responders, whereas those with multiple bronchiectatic lobes at diagnosis (AOR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.95) or higher cough scores when starting exacerbation treatment (AOR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.34-0.90) were more likely to be nonresponders. Detecting a respiratory virus at the beginning of an exacerbation was not associated with antibiotic failure at 14 days. INTERPRETATION Children with Indigenous ethnicity, milder bronchiectasis, mild exacerbations (low reported cough scores), or new abnormal auscultatory signs are more likely to respond to appropriate oral antibiotics than those without these features. These patient and exacerbation phenotypes may assist clinical management and development of biomarkers to identify those whose symptoms are more likely to resolve after 14 days of oral antibiotics. TRIAL REGISTRY Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; Nos.: ACTRN12612000011886 and ACTRN12612000010897; URL: https://www.anzctr.org.au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Goyal
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Gold Coast Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Stephanie T Yerkovich
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Paediatric Bronchiectasis, Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Keith Grimwood
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Paediatrics, Gold Coast Health, Griffith University Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine and Dentistry and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Julie M Marchant
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine A Byrnes
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Starship Children's Health & Kidz First Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand; Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Starship Children's Health & Kidz First Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian Brent Masters
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anne B Chang
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Paediatric Bronchiectasis, Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
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Sun YW, Cen YH, Chen MH, Yan XK, Jin XF. Safety profiles and adverse reactions of azithromycin in the treatment of pediatric respiratory diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36306. [PMID: 38050289 PMCID: PMC10695561 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azithromycin (AZM) is an antimicrobial agent and frequently used in the treatment of pediatric respiratory diseases due to its well-recognized clinical efficacy. Despite some favorable findings from many studies, there is a lack of research reports focusing on the safety profiles and adverse reactions. METHODS The randomized controlled trials of AZM in the treatment of pediatric respiratory diseases on internet databases were searched. The search databases included Chinese CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Two researchers of this study independently assessed the eligibility, risk of bias, and extracted the data. The included literature was meta-analyzed and subgroup analyzed by revman 5.1 software. RESULTS A total of 14 eligible studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the incidence of adverse reactions after AZM treatment was 24.20%, which was lower than 48.05% in the control group (OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.12-0.72, P < .001). In the subgroup of sequential therapy, AZM had a lower incidence of adverse reactions in sequential therapy (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.09-0.60, P < .001). In the subgroup of intravenous administration, AZM had a lower the incidence of adverse reactions (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.12-0.84, P = .003). In the subgroup of oral administration, AZM had a lower the incidence of adverse reactions (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.13-0.69 P < .001). Overall, it was also found that the incidence of adverse reactions in the AZM subgroup was significantly lower than that in other treatment subgroup. CONCLUSION AZM has fewer adverse reactions and better safety profiles, which make AZM a more attractive option in the treatment of pediatric respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-wen Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The People’s Hospital of Fenghua, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuan-hua Cen
- Department of Pediatrics, The People’s Hospital of Fenghua, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mu-heng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The People’s Hospital of Fenghua, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xu-ke Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The People’s Hospital of Fenghua, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-fen Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The People’s Hospital of Fenghua, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zhang XX, Chen ZM, He ZF, Guan WJ. Advances in pharmacotherapy for bronchiectasis in adults. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1075-1089. [PMID: 37161410 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2210763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchiectasis has become a growing concern of chronic airway disease because of the enormous socioeconomic burden. Four cardinal interdependent components - impaired airway defense, recurrent airway infections, inflammatory response, and airway damage, in conjunction with the underlying etiology, have collectively played a role in modulating the vicious vortex of the pathogenesis and progression of bronchiectasis. Current pharmacotherapy aims to target at these aspects to break the vicious vortex. AREAS COVERED The authors retrieve and review, in MEDLINE, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov registry, the studies about pharmacotherapy for bronchiectasis from these aspects: antibiotics, mucoactive medications, bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory drug, and etiological treatment. EXPERT OPINION Future drug development and clinical trials of bronchiectasis need to pay more attention to the different phenotypes or endotypes of bronchiectasis. There is a need for the development of novel inhaled antibiotics that could reduce bacterial loads, improve quality-of-life, and decrease exacerbation risks. More efforts are needed to explore the next-generation neutrophil-targeted therapeutic drugs that are expected to ameliorate respiratory symptom burden, reduce exacerbation risks, and hinder airway destruction in bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xian Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Ming Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Feng He
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jie Guan
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
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