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Salvi A, Gillenwater LA, Cockrum BP, Wiehe SE, Christian K, Cayton J, Bailey T, Schwartz K, Dir AL, Ray B, Aalsma MC, Reda K. Development of a Real-Time Dashboard for Overdose Touchpoints: User-Centered Design Approach. JMIR Hum Factors 2024; 11:e57239. [PMID: 38861717 PMCID: PMC11200046 DOI: 10.2196/57239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overdose Fatality Review (OFR) is an important public health tool for shaping overdose prevention strategies in communities. However, OFR teams review only a few cases at a time, which typically represent a small fraction of the total fatalities in their jurisdiction. Such limited review could result in a partial understanding of local overdose patterns, leading to policy recommendations that do not fully address the broader community needs. OBJECTIVE This study explored the potential to enhance conventional OFRs with a data dashboard, incorporating visualizations of touchpoints-events that precede overdoses-to highlight prevention opportunities. METHODS We conducted 2 focus groups and a survey of OFR experts to characterize their information needs and design a real-time dashboard that tracks and measures decedents' past interactions with services in Indiana. Experts (N=27) were engaged, yielding insights on essential data features to incorporate and providing feedback to guide the development of visualizations. RESULTS The findings highlighted the importance of showing decedents' interactions with health services (emergency medical services) and the justice system (incarcerations). Emphasis was also placed on maintaining decedent anonymity, particularly in small communities, and the need for training OFR members in data interpretation. The developed dashboard summarizes key touchpoint metrics, including prevalence, interaction frequency, and time intervals between touchpoints and overdoses, with data viewable at the county and state levels. In an initial evaluation, the dashboard was well received for its comprehensive data coverage and its potential for enhancing OFR recommendations and case selection. CONCLUSIONS The Indiana touchpoints dashboard is the first to display real-time visualizations that link administrative and overdose mortality data across the state. This resource equips local health officials and OFRs with timely, quantitative, and spatiotemporal insights into overdose risk factors in their communities, facilitating data-driven interventions and policy changes. However, fully integrating the dashboard into OFR practices will likely require training teams in data interpretation and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amey Salvi
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Logan A Gillenwater
- Children's Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Brandon P Cockrum
- Indiana Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sarah E Wiehe
- Children's Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Indiana Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - John Cayton
- Indiana Management Performance Hub, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Timothy Bailey
- Indiana Management Performance Hub, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Katherine Schwartz
- Children's Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Allyson L Dir
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Bradley Ray
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Matthew C Aalsma
- Children's Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Khairi Reda
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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McCarroll JE, Fisher JE, Cozza SJ, Whalen RJ. Child Maltreatment Fatality Review: Purposes, Processes, Outcomes, and Challenges. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:1032-1041. [PMID: 31928207 DOI: 10.1177/1524838019900559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Better understanding of the causes and circumstances of maltreatment deaths of children is needed to prevent tragedy. The purpose of this article is to facilitate understanding of child maltreatment fatality review processes and their outcomes. A literature review was conducted through searches of the databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE and through citations in publications. Over 165 publications were reviewed and 55 were selected for inclusion. Papers were from the United States, England, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Netherlands, France, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Switzerland, Saudi Arabia, Japan, and China. These were included if they described fatality review goals, authority, procedures, and outcomes. Although we searched databases on a continual basis during the preparation of this review, we could have missed publications, particularly those in newspapers and journals that are not included in large-scale databases or cited in other articles. Improvement of fatality review requires diligence by individuals and organizations that provide information to the reviewers. Among challenges to the review process are varying criteria for review, misclassifications of the manner of death, inadequate or incomplete forensic and medical investigations, lack of information about the perpetrator, diversity of the community, concealment of the cause of death by parents or other caregivers, and disagreement among reviewers about the results of their inquiries. Institutional challenges are also present, which include the need for funding, privacy issues on obtaining information, updating reviewer training, lack of follow-up by institutional authorities on the recommendations of the reviews, and research facilitating the review of maltreatment fatalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E McCarroll
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joscelyn E Fisher
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Cozza
- Department of Psychiatry, The Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald J Whalen
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Jung K, Kim H, Lee E, Choi I, Lim H, Lee B, Choi B, Kim J, Kim H, Hong HG. Cluster analysis of child homicide in South Korea. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 101:104322. [PMID: 31865275 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an insufficient in-depth analysis of the nature and prevalence of the typologies of child homicide in Asia, particularly in South Korea. OBJECTIVE In the current study, we sought to determine the prevalence and identify the heterogeneity of the child homicide phenomenon in South Korea. PARTICIPANT AND SETTINGS All 341 original case files (i.e., hospital, police, and autopsy reports) of homicide incidents involving children aged 0-18 in 2016 were obtained from the forensic autopsy archives of the National Forensic Service (NFS), which handles 100 % of the medico-legal autopsies in South Korea. These were examined and reclassified based on our definition. METHOD A cluster analysis using Gower's distance was applied, which has rarely been utilized in this field of research. By performing a qualitative analysis, we first extracted 70 (numerical, logical, categorical) crime, victim, perpetrator, and household relevant variables, which were later utilized in the cluster analysis. RESULTS Among the 341 cases from 2016, 95 were judged to be at least suspicious child homicide cases. When applying the cluster analysis, eight sub-clusters were extracted: child torture, maternal filicide, neonaticide, death not related to previous abuse, paternal filicide, paternal infanticide, maternal infanticide, and psychotic killings. CONCLUSIONS The commonality and the unique aspect of the child homicide phenomenon in South Korea, in comparison with the results from previous research from other countries, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- KyuHee Jung
- National Forensic Service, Republic of Korea; Department of Social Psychology, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heesong Kim
- National Forensic Service, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunsaem Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseok Choi
- National Forensic Service, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Lim
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Bongwoo Lee
- National Forensic Service, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Junmo Kim
- National Forensic Service, Republic of Korea
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Alsaif DM, Almadani OM, Ali Almoghannam S, Hamdi D, Al-Farayedhi MA, Kharosha MA. Child Fatalities in Dammam: A Call for Child Fatality Reviews in Arab Countries. J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:1171-1175. [PMID: 29098711 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Identifying children's risk exposure is the first step toward mortality prevention. This retrospective study determined the causes of child fatalities in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Death reports of children and adolescents from 1999 to 2015 (N = 157) were analyzed. Boys represented most cases (69%) and there were two age peaks (1-5 years and 16-18 years). Accidents (typically immersion) defined the main death circumstance (51%) followed by homicide (25%). Only 33% of cases underwent autopsy, and the most common cause of death was head injury (27%) followed by firearm injury. Only one immersion death underwent autopsy. This study revealed important data about the risk exposure of children in Dammam and emphasizes deficient investigative procedures. Child fatality reviews comprise systematic data collection by multidisciplinary teams to determine the true risks toward children in a community. Such teams do not exist in Arab countries; therefore, strategies should be implemented to initiate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Mohammed Alsaif
- Center of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Ministry of health, Dammam, Eastern Province, P.O.Box 6668, Saudi Arabia 31176
| | - Osama M Almadani
- Center of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Ministry of health, Dammam, Eastern Province, P.O.Box 6668, Saudi Arabia 31176
| | - Salah Ali Almoghannam
- Center of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Ministry of health, Dammam, Eastern Province, P.O.Box 6668, Saudi Arabia 31176
| | - Dina Hamdi
- Center of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Ministry of health, Dammam, Eastern Province, P.O.Box 6668, Saudi Arabia 31176
| | - Maram A Al-Farayedhi
- Center of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Ministry of health, Dammam, Eastern Province, P.O.Box 6668, Saudi Arabia 31176
| | - Magdy A Kharosha
- Center of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Ministry of health, Dammam, Eastern Province, P.O.Box 6668, Saudi Arabia 31176
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