1
|
Brito AM, Souto DO, Silva LC, Leite HR, Morais RLS. Social vulnerability among Brazilian children in early childhood: a scoping review. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024:S0021-7557(24)00099-8. [PMID: 39159916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify, map, and describe studies involving Brazilian children in early childhood in situations of social vulnerability. SOURCE OF DATA A scoping review including full articles published in Portuguese and English up to March 2023, with no temporal restrictions. Searches were conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Scielo, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, PEDro, and LILACS databases. Journal metrics, sample characteristics, study area, characterization of the situation of social vulnerability, and study outcomes were extracted. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS Seventy-six articles involving a total of 107.740 children in early childhood were included in this study. These studies presented relevant findings, including the temporal publication trend, the variability of social vulnerability indicators, the scarcity of intervention studies, and the fact that 100% of eligible studies were from the health area. Negative outcomes were associated with the condition of social vulnerability in almost the entire sample, reinforcing the need for government policies capable of protecting early childhood from the effects of social vulnerability. CONCLUSION This scoping review mapped important findings involving Brazilian children in social vulnerability. It also identified literature gaps such as the need for intervention and multisectoral studies among health, education, and social protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alcina M Brito
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Sociedade e Meio Ambiente, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Deisiane O Souto
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional (EEFFTO), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação (PPGCR), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luana C Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional (EEFFTO), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação (PPGCR), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Hércules R Leite
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional (EEFFTO), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação (PPGCR), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosane L S Morais
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Sociedade e Meio Ambiente, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li R, Xiao W, Wu J, Zhou Y, Zha J, Wang D, Xing T, Wan Y. Patterns of maternal adverse childhood experiences and the intergenerational association of preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1431475. [PMID: 39193581 PMCID: PMC11347350 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1431475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Children of whose mothers exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are at increased risk for developmental problems. This study aims to investigate the relationship between types and patterns of maternal ACEs and preschool children's emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) in China, and to explore gender differences associated with these problems. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we selected 9,647 children from 36 preschools in three cities of Anhui province, China. Questionnaires were used to report the details of maternal ACEs and children's EBPs. We used the latent class analysis (LCA) to identify "patterns" in the types of maternal ACEs. Binomial logistic regressions was performed to examine the relationship between types and patterns of maternal ACEs and preschoolers' EBPs. Results Latent class analysis (LCA) revealed four different classes of maternal ACEs. Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the low ACEs class, children of mothers in the high abuse and neglect class had the highest risk of developing EBPs (OR = 5.93, 95%CI: 4.70-7.49), followed by moderate ACEs class (OR = 2.44, 95%CI: 1.98-3.00), and high household dysfunction class (OR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.19-3.90). We found gender differences in the effects of high abuse and neglect/moderate ACEs class and maternal childhood physical abuse/neglect on children's EBPs, which had a stronger impact on EBPs in boys than girls (P<0.05). Discussion This study supports and refines existing research that confirms an intergenerational association between types and patterns of maternal ACEs and children's EBPs in a large Chinese sample, so as to provide references for the early prevention and control of children's EBPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wan Xiao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinhong Zha
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Danni Wang
- Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tian Xing
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research of Anhui Province, Stomatologic Hospital and College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim JY, Zhang L, Gruber AM, Kim SK, Holmes MR, Brevda A. Prenatal Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Child Developmental Outcomes: A Scoping Review Study. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:2249-2263. [PMID: 37997428 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231209434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women face an increased risk of intimate partner violence (IPV). In addition to the risk of violence faced by women, there is a dual concern for risk of harm to the fetus. Expanding knowledge on childbirth outcomes, other domains of children's development have been examined in recent literature. Yet, there is limited comprehensive knowledge in the area. This scoping review study, informed by ecobiodevelopmental theory, mapped evidence associating prenatal IPV exposure and children's development. We searched eight databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, and ERIC. Thirty-one empirical studies published in English that associated prenatal IPV exposure and children's development were eligible for our review. Included studies were published between 2006 and 2022, with 39% published in the most recent 5 years. Eighteen studies had sample sizes smaller than 500, and 21 were atheoretical; six failed to consider covariates. Reviewed studies showed adverse effects of prenatal IPV exposure on psychological, behavioral, physical health, and physiological outcomes, either directly or indirectly via mechanisms such as maternal behavioral health. Due to inconsistency in results and a lack of empirical evidence, however, social and cognitive outcomes were identified as needing further research to enhance our understanding of the global and domain-specific effects of prenatal IPV exposure. Prospective longitudinal studies, driven by theories of causal mechanisms, which adjust for empirically qualified confounders, will be critical to inform practice and policy to promote healthy development of prenatally IPV-exposed children. Incorporating strengths/asset-focused outcomes and examining contextual factors and sex/gender specific effects may advance the knowledge in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- June-Yung Kim
- Department of Social Work, College of Nursing and Professional Disciplines, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Raymond. A. Kent School of Social Work and Family Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Sun Kyung Kim
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Megan R Holmes
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Brevda
- Department of Social Work, College of Nursing and Professional Disciplines, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moss KM, Loxton D, Mishra GD. Does Timing Matter? Associations Between Intimate Partner Violence Across the Early Life Course and Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior in Children. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:10566-10587. [PMID: 37224432 PMCID: PMC10466944 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231174505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The association between exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and child behavior problems is well established. However, questions remain about whether the timing during the child's early life course matters. We used a structured life course approach to investigate associations between the timing of IPV and children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Participants were from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH), a national, randomly sampled community-based study that has surveyed women every 3 years since 1996. For this study, mothers born 1973 to 1978 (N = 2,163) provided data on their three youngest children under 13 years (N = 3,697, 48.5% female) as part of the Mothers and their Children's Health (MatCH) study in 2016/2017. Mothers indicated IPV in ALSWH using the Community Composite Abuse Scale in early (M = 0.99 years, SD = 0.88 years) and middle childhood (M = 3.98 years, SD = 0.92 years), and before birth (preconception). Mothers rated child internalizing and externalizing behavior in MatCH (child age: M = 8.15 years, SD = 2.37 years) using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We tested critical period, sensitive period, and accumulation hypotheses by comparing the fit of nested linear regression models (separately for girls and boys). Mothers were predominantly Caucasian (>90%) and university educated (65.5%), and 41.7% reported financial stress. Most children were not exposed to IPV (68.1%). Of those who were, 55.2% were exposed at one time, 28.7% at two times, and 16.1% at all three. Accumulation was the best model for externalizing in boys and girls and for internalizing in girls. A critical period in middle childhood was identified for internalizing in boys. Overall, the duration of exposure was more important than the timing. This suggests early detection is essential in mitigating the impact of IPV on children, with particular attention needed for boys exposed to IPV in middle childhood.
Collapse
|
5
|
Araújo MFM, Silva EP, Ludermir AB. Maternal educational practices and mental health disorders of school-age children. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2023; 99:193-202. [PMID: 36341894 PMCID: PMC10031371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between emotional and behavioral difficulties in schoolchildren and maternal educational practices. METHODS Participants and Setting: 631 mother-child pairs were evaluated in a poor urban district in Recife, northeastern Brazil. Cross-sectional study carried out between 2013 and 2014. It integrates a prospective cohort study designed to investigate the consequences of intimate partner violence that occurred during pregnancy, postpartum, and seven years after birth for the physical and mental health of women and their children. Maternal educational practices were assessed using the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTSPC - mother-child version) and the child's behavioral and emotional disorders through the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) mother-version. The association was estimated through crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, using Poisson regression considering the 95% confidence interval. RESULTS The prevalence of violent maternal educational practices was 91.8% (572/631) being 89.7% (566/631) of psychological aggression and 75.6% of physical aggression, subdivided into corporal punishment (73.5%), physical maltreatment (35.8%) and severe physical maltreatment (1.7%). Corporal punishment (Adjusted PR 1.5; CI 95%: 1.1-2.1; p = 0.010) and severe physical maltreatment (Adjusted PR 1.9; CI 95%: 1.3-2.8; p = 0.002) were associated with emotional and behavioral difficulties in schoolchildren. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of violent maternal educational practices, especially corporal punishment and severe physical maltreatment is associated with emotional and behavioral disorders in children. Therefore, it is necessary to interventions that promote parental support and effective use of non-violent discipline in conducting the educational process to establish healthier family relationships and to prevent/mitigate the impact of emotional and behavioral problems in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Muniz Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva do Centro de Ciências Médicas, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Elisabete Pereira Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pós-graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente do Centro de Ciências Médicas, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Bernarda Ludermir
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva do Centro de Ciências Médicas, Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Orr C, O'Donnell M, Fisher C, Bell M, Glauert R, Preen D. School Readiness of Children Exposed to Family and Domestic Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP20428-NP20458. [PMID: 34668413 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Children have a universal right to live free from exposure to family and domestic violence (FDV). Children exposed to FDV can experience long-term effects on their physical and psychological health and their social competencies including social, emotional, and cognitive skills and behaviours that underpin successful social adaptation and academic achievement. The aim of this study was to investigate if children exposed to FDV were more likely to be vulnerable on school readiness measures compared to those children who were not exposed. Our cohort study used de-identified individual-level administrative data of children born during 2002-2010, in Western Australia, who were identified in police and hospital records as being exposed to FDV during 2002-2015. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of vulnerability in Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) outcomes of children exposed to FDV compared to a non-exposed cohort. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, children exposed to FDV had higher odds than non-exposed children of being vulnerable in all five AEDC domains: physical health and wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills (school-based) and communication skills and general knowledge. Exposed children have an increased likelihood of vulnerability in all five AEDC domains: physical health and wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills (school-based) and communication skills and general knowledge. Comprehensive multiagency early intervention for children exposed to FDV is required to mitigate the impact on outcomes, and ultimately the need to prevent FDV is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Orr
- The School of Population and Global Health, 2720The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Melissa O'Donnell
- The Australian Centre for Child Protection, 1067The University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Colleen Fisher
- The School of Population and Global Health, 2720The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Megan Bell
- The School of Population and Global Health, 2720The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rebecca Glauert
- The School of Population and Global Health, 2720The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Preen
- The School of Population and Global Health, 2720The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marçal KE. Intimate Partner Violence Exposure and Adolescent Mental Health Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Housing Insecurity. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP19310-NP19330. [PMID: 34496695 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211043588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated pathways from childhood exposure to mothers' intimate partner violence (IPV) to adolescent depression and anxiety. Further, the study examined whether housing insecurity mediated the link from IPV exposure to mental health outcomes. Data came from the Years 5, 9 and 15 interviews of the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study; the analytic sample was limited to mothers with at least partial custody of children (N = 2,425). Structural equation modeling with latent variables investigated research questions. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) identified observed indicators for latent constructs, and a path analysis tested direct and indirect pathways from IPV exposure to adolescent depression and anxiety. IPV exposure at age five was associated with increased housing insecurity at age nine, which was associated with increased adolescent depression and anxiety at age 15. Although IPV exposure was not directly associated with either mental health outcome, housing insecurity mediated the link from IPV exposure to adolescent depression. Findings point to the long-term consequences of exposure to intimate partner violence in childhood, highlighting pathways to mental disorder in adolescence. The present study emphasizes the need for policies that protect survivors of IPV from eviction and homelessness, empower them to leave abusers without fear of losing their housing, and promote healthy child development in the wake of family violence.
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo S, Lin L, Chen W, Li C, Ren Y, Zhang M, Guo VY. Association between maternal intimate partner violence and health-related quality of life in their preschool children: The mediating role of maternal parenting styles. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:996971. [PMID: 36424988 PMCID: PMC9679020 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.996971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a public health issue around the world, there is a lack of evidence regarding the impact of maternal IPV on preschool children's health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal IPV and HRQOL among Chinese preschool children, as well as the mediating role of maternal parenting styles. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 4,243 mother-child dyads who attended preschools. Mothers self-reported their parenting styles and experience of IPV. Children's HRQOL was collected through mother-proxy report with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0). Multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between maternal IPV and children's HRQOL. Mediation models were further applied to explore the possible mediating role of maternal parenting styles. RESULTS Of the included mothers, 7.4% had experience of IPV. Compared to children of mothers without any IPV exposure, those of mothers with experience of IPV had significantly lower scores in all HRQOL dimensions and summary scales. After adjustment for covariates, maternal IPV was significantly associated with children's lower physical health summary score, psychosocial health summary score, and total scale score. Mediation analysis showed that both rejection and overprotection mediated such associations, but not for the emotional warmth. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated the need to screen maternal IPV supplemented with targeted interventions focusing on parenting styles, in order to mitigate the negative impact of maternal IPV on children's HRQOL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Luo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunrong Li
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Vivian Yawei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xavier Hall CD, Evans DP. Social comorbidities? A qualitative study mapping syndemic theory onto gender-based violence and co-occurring social phenomena among Brazilian women. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1260. [PMID: 32811465 PMCID: PMC7437066 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender-based violence is a globally recognized social problem impacting women and girls worldwide. Intimate partner violence (IPV) represents the most common form of gender-based violence. Among the countries grappling with gender-based violence is Brazil, which has identified high rates of IPV along with co-occurring social conditions such as adverse childhood experiences, community violence, and substance use. While the syndemic framework has incorporated IPV into understandings of HIV and other diseases, none have explicitly applied syndemic framework to understand IPV and co-occurring social conditions -- referred to here as "social comorbidities" -- in the absence of a biological outcome. This study aims to: (1) Examine perspectives on violence and relevant social comorbidities (substance use, community violence, and childhood abuse) among women living in Santo André, São Paulo State, Brazil; and (2) Apply the syndemic framework to a set of social comorbidities among women living in Santo André, São Paulo State, Brazil. METHODS This thematic analysis applies a syndemic framework to 28 in-depth interviews with women in Santo André, Brazil. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim in Portuguese. Our analysis examined themes relating to IPV, community violence, substance use, and other individual experiences and community issues using syndemics as an organizing framework (e.g. diseases, adverse interactions, disparity conditions, and enhanced disease transmission). RESULTS Most participants described experiencing multiple social comorbidities including IPV, adverse childhood experiences, community violence, family violence, and substance use. Adverse interactions included increased financial conflicts, a sense of isolation, and increased severity of violence due to substance use. Long term enhanced "disease" progression included injury, increased mental health symptoms, femicide, and death. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that using a syndemic framework to understand IPV in the context of social comorbidities could be useful for understanding how these social phenomena may mutually reinforce each other and cause adverse interactions. Similar applications across other social phenomena may also be possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey D Xavier Hall
- Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Dabney P Evans
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|