Hypoglycemic activities of flowers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia and identification of anti-oxidant components by off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging detection

Pinctada martensii Hydrolysate Modulates the Brain Neuropeptidome and Proteome in Diabetic (db/db) Mice via the Gut-Brain Axis

Pinctada martensii hydrolysate (PMH) has been proved to have the effect of ameliorating disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism in db/db mice, but the mechanism of its hyperglycemia effect is still unclear. Bacterial communities in fecal samples from a normal control group, a diabetic control group, and a PMH-treated diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) group were analyzed by 16S gene sequencing. Nano LC-MS/MS was used to analyze mice neuropeptides and proteomes. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that PMH modulated the structure and composition of the gut microbiota and improved the structure and composition of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level and Desulfovibrionaceae and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae at the family level. Furthermore, the expressions of functional proteins of the central nervous system, immune response-related protein, and proteins related to fatty acid oxidation in the brain disrupted by an abnormal diet were recovered by PMH. PMH regulates the brain neuropeptidome and proteome and further regulates blood glucose in diabetic mice through the gut-brain axis. PMH may be used as a prebiotic agent to attenuate T2DM, and target-specific microbial species may have unique therapeutic promise for metabolic diseases.

Pesticide residue detection technology for herbal medicine: current status, challenges, and prospects

The domains of cancer therapy, disease prevention, and health care greatly benefit from the use of herbal medicine. Herbal medicine has become the mainstay of developing characteristic agriculture in the planting area increasing year by year. One of the most significant factors in affecting the quality of herbal medicines is the pesticide residue problem caused by pesticide abuse during the cultivation of herbal medicines. It is urgent to solve the problem of detecting pesticide residues in herbal medicines efficiently and rapidly. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the various methods used for pesticide residue testing, including optical detection, the enzyme inhibition rate method, molecular detection methods, enzyme immunoassays, lateral immunochromatographic, nanoparticle-based detection methods, colorimetric immunosensor, chemiluminescence immunosensor, smartphone-based immunosensor, etc. On this basis, we systematically analyze the mechanisms and some of the findings of the above detection strategies and discuss the challenges and prospects associated with the development of pesticide residue detection tools.