1
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Zhang H, Yang Z, Yuan W, Liu J, Luo X, Zhang Q, Li Y, Chen J, Zhou Y, Lv J, Zhou N, Ma J, Tang K, Huang B. Sustained AhR activity programs memory fate of early effector CD8 + T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317658121. [PMID: 38437537 PMCID: PMC10945852 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317658121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Identification of mechanisms that program early effector T cells to either terminal effector T (Teff) or memory T (Tm) cells has important implications for protective immunity against infections and cancers. Here, we show that the cytosolic transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is used by early Teff cells to program memory fate. Upon antigen engagement, AhR is rapidly up-regulated via reactive oxygen species signaling in early CD8+ Teff cells, which does not affect the effector response, but is required for memory formation. Mechanistically, activated CD8+ T cells up-regulate HIF-1α to compete with AhR for HIF-1β, leading to the loss of AhR activity in HIF-1αhigh short-lived effector cells, but sustained in HIF-1αlow memory precursor effector cells (MPECs) with the help of autocrine IL-2. AhR then licenses CD8+ MPECs in a quiescent state for memory formation. These findings partially resolve the long-standing issue of how Teff cells are regulated to differentiate into memory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Zhuoshun Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Regulatory Mechanism and Targeted Therapy for Liver Cancer Shiyan Key Laboratory, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei442000, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Wu Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan430079, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100005, China
| | - Yabo Zhou
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100005, China
| | - Jiadi Lv
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100005, China
| | - Nannan Zhou
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100005, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100005, China
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2
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Tian L, Zhou W, Wu X, Hu Z, Qiu L, Zhang H, Chen X, Zhang S, Lu Z. CTLs: Killers of intracellular bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:967679. [PMID: 36389159 PMCID: PMC9645434 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.967679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many microbial pathogens have evolved a range of capabilities to evade host immune defense mechanisms and to survive and multiply in host cells. The presence of host intracellular bacteria makes it difficult for specific antibodies to function. After the intracellular bacteria escape the attack of the innate immune system, such as phagocytes, they survive in cells, and then adaptive immunity comes into play. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in eliminating intracellular bacteria. The regulation of key transcription factors could promote CD4+/CD8+ T cells to acquire cytolytic ability. The TCR-CD3 complex transduces activation signals generated by TCR recognition of antigen and promotes CTLs to generate multiple pathways to kill intracellular bacteria. In this review, the mechanism of CD4/CD8 CTLs differentiation and how CD4/CD8 CTLs kill intracellular bacteria are introduced. In addition, their application and prospects in the treatment of bacterial infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianwei Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuannan Hu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyong Zhang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyan Zhang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhui Lu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Ning Z, Liu K, Xiong H. Roles of BTLA in Immunity and Immune Disorders. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654960. [PMID: 33859648 PMCID: PMC8043046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is one of the most important cosignaling molecules. It belongs to the CD28 superfamily and is similar to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) in terms of its structure and function. BTLA can be detected in most lymphocytes and induces immunosuppression by inhibiting B and T cell activation and proliferation. The BTLA ligand, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), does not belong to the classic B7 family. Instead, it is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. The association of BTLA with HVEM directly bridges the CD28 and TNFR families and mediates broad and powerful immune effects. Recently, a large number of studies have found that BTLA participates in numerous physiopathological processes, such as tumor, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and transplantation rejection. Therefore, the present work aimed to review the existing knowledge about BTLA in immunity and summarize the diverse functions of BTLA in various immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochen Ning
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Keyan Liu
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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4
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Wang WD, Yang XR, Guo MF, Pan ZF, Shang M, Qiu MJ, Wu JY, Jia J, Liang YL, Zheng WT, Xu JF, Chen GH. Up-regulation of BTLA expression in myeloid dendritic cells associated with the treatment outcome of neonatal sepsis. Mol Immunol 2021; 134:129-140. [PMID: 33773156 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dentritic cells (DCs) dysfunction has been verified detrimental for sepsis and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune-regulatory receptor shown to be associated with DCs dysfunction. However, the role of BTLA expression in myeloid DCs (mDCs) in neonatal sepsis is unknown. In the current study, we found BTLA-expressing mDCs were elevated in neonates with sepsis and the BTLA expression level in mDCs was positively correlated to the severity of sepsis. The presence of BTLA negatively regulated the phagocytosis capacity and bactericidal ability of mDCs as well as the maturation markers expression of mDCs. Our data also showed BTLA+mDCs shifted into an anti-inflammatory phenotype with decreased expression of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12, but increased IL-10. in addition, we found BTLA expression indeedly altered the mDCs allo-stimulatory capacity. Therefore, BTLA expression in mDCs could be a useful predictive marker for neonatal sepsis and targeting BTLA expression in mDCs may be a new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Dang Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Affiliated Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Xu-Ran Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Affiliated Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Ming-Fa Guo
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Affiliated Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Mei Shang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ming-Jin Qiu
- Department of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Affiliated Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Jing-Yi Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Affiliated Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Ying-Liang Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Affiliated Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Wen-Ting Zheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Affiliated Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Affiliated Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, China.
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5
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Abstract
Dendritic cells are a specialized subset of hematopoietic cells essential for mounting immunity against tumors and infectious disease as well as inducing tolerance for maintenance of homeostasis. DCs are equipped with number of immunoregulatory or stimulatory molecules that interact with other leukocytes to modulate their functions. Recent advances in DC biology identified a specific role for the conventional dendritic cell type 1 (cDC1) in eliciting cytotoxic CD8+ T cells essential for clearance of tumors and infected cells. The critical role of this subset in eliciting immune responses or inducing tolerance has largely been defined in mice whereas the biology of human cDC1 is poorly characterized owing to their extremely low frequency in tissues. A detailed characterization of the functions of many immunoregulatory and stimulatory molecules expressed by human cDC1 is critical for understanding their biology to exploit this subset for designing novel therapeutic modalities against cancer, infectious disease and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekumar Balan
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Cancer Immunotherapies Laboratory, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States; Extramural member Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, CA, United States.
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6
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Zhang JA, Lu YB, Wang WD, Liu GB, Chen C, Shen L, Luo HL, Xu H, Peng Y, Luo H, Huang GX, Wu DD, Zheng BY, Yi LL, Chen ZW, Xu JF. BTLA-Expressing Dendritic Cells in Patients With Tuberculosis Exhibit Reduced Production of IL-12/IFN-α and Increased Production of IL-4 and TGF-β, Favoring Th2 and Foxp3 + Treg Polarization. Front Immunol 2020; 11:518. [PMID: 32296431 PMCID: PMC7136538 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how tuberculosis (TB) impairs dendritic cell (DC) function and anti-TB immune responses. We previously showed that the B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), an immune inhibitory receptor, is involved in TB pathogenesis. Here, we examined whether BTLA expression in TB affects phenotypic and functional aspects of DCs. Active TB patients exhibited higher expression of BTLA in myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) subsets compared with healthy controls (HCs). BTLA expression was similarly high in untreated TB, TB relapse, and sputum-bacillus positive TB, but anti-TB therapy reduced TB-driven increases in frequencies of BTLA+ DCs. BTLA+ DCs in active TB showed decreased expression of the DC maturation marker CD83, with an increased expression of CCR7 in mDCs. BTLA+ DCs in active TB displayed a decreased ability to express HLA-DR and to uptake foreign antigen, with a reduced expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD80, but not CD86. Functionally, BTLA+ DCs in active TB showed a decreased production of IL-12 and IFN-α as well as a reduced ability to stimulate allogeneic T-cell proliferative responses. BTLA+ mDCs produced larger amounts of IL-4 and TGF-β than BTLA− mDCs in both HCs and APT patients. BTLA+ DCs from active TB patients showed a reduced ability to stimulate Mtb antigen-driven Th17 and Th22 polarizations as compared to those from HCs. Conversely, these BTLA+ DCs more readily promoted the differentiation of T regulatory cells (Treg) and Th2 than those from HCs. These findings suggest that TB-driven BTLA expression in DCs impairs the expression of functional DC surrogate markers and suppress the ability of DCs to induce anti-TB Th17 and Th22 response while promoting Th2 and Foxp3+ Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuan-Bin Lu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wan-Dang Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Affiliated Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Gan-Bin Liu
- Department of Respiration, Dongguan 6th Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hou-Long Luo
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Gui-Xian Huang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Du-Du Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bi-Ying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lai-Long Yi
- Department of Respiration, Dongguan 6th Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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7
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Cai X, Ge N, Rong R, Lu Y, Zhang J, Xu J. High expression of BTLA and B7-H4 on the surface of myeloid dendritic cells has a negative regulatory effect on their anti-tuberculosis immunity activity in pleural tuberculosis patients. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 119:101877. [PMID: 31677529 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of the surface markers B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and B7 homologous body 4 (B7-H4) on expression of CD83, and Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR) that can activate dendritic cells (DCs). Flow cytometry was used to detect the co-expression of BTLA and B7-H4 on myeloid DCs (mDCs) in peripheral blood (PB) and pleural effusions (PE) in 15 volunteers and 20 tuberculous pleurisy (TP) patients. Co-expression of BTLA and B7-H4 (double positive (DP)) mDCs in PB and PE of TP patients were enhanced. The proportion of DP mDC in PB decreased markedly after 2 weeks treatment, but was still greater than in controls. Expression of CD83 and HLA-DR on DP mDCs was higher than on BTLA and B7-H4 double negative (DN) expressing mDCs in PB of different TP groups. Expression of CD83 on DP mDCs in PB and PE of TP patients was greater than that of controls. Expression of HLA-DR on DP mDCs in TP patient PB was lower than in TP PE and controls. In pleural tuberculosis (TB) patients, high expression of BTLA and B7-H4 promoted a high level of CD83 and HLA-DR, which had a negative regulatory effect on mDCs on anti-TB immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongguan Houjie Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523945, China.
| | - Nanhai Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongguan Houjie Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523945, China
| | - Rong Rong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongguan Houjie Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523945, China
| | - Yuanbin Lu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Junai Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Junfa Xu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
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8
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韩 萍, 杨 选. 胞内染色法检测T细胞活化产生的细胞因子. Bio Protoc 2019. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1010314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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9
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Le Mercier I, Lines JL, Noelle RJ. Beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1, the Generation Z of Negative Checkpoint Regulators. Front Immunol 2015; 6:418. [PMID: 26347741 PMCID: PMC4544156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two years, clinical trials with blocking antibodies to the negative checkpoint regulators CTLA-4 and PD-1 have rekindled the hope for cancer immunotherapy. Multiple negative checkpoint regulators protect the host against autoimmune reactions but also restrict the ability of T cells to effectively attack tumors. Releasing these brakes has emerged as an exciting strategy for cancer treatment. Conversely, these pathways can be manipulated to achieve durable tolerance for treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplantation. In the future, treatment may involve combination therapy to target multiple cell types and stages of the adaptive immune responses. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on the recently discovered negative checkpoint regulators, future targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Le Mercier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
| | - J Louise Lines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
| | - Randolph J Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
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10
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Lv M, Wu W, Zhang Y, Zhu M. Herpes virus entry mediator licenses Listeria infection induced immunopathology through control of type I interferon. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12954. [PMID: 26245828 PMCID: PMC4526852 DOI: 10.1038/srep12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of the splenic lymphocytes is often induced during the acute phase of Listeria infection in mice. However, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we found that herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) plays an important role for Listeria infection induced lymphocyte apoptosis. Mechanistically, HVEM is not directly involved in listeriolysin O (LLO) induced lymphocyte apoptosis or interferon beta induced T cell activation per se. Interestingly, HVEM is partially required for Listeria induced interferon (IFN)-I production in the spleen, particularly in macrophages. Consequently, the bystander activation of lymphocytes is significantly lower in HVEM deficient mice than that in wild-type (WT) mice upon Listeria infection. Thus, our results have revealed a novel role of HVEM on the regulation of IFN-I and immunopathology during Listeria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Lv
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuejiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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11
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Martínez del Hoyo G, Ramírez-Huesca M, Levy S, Boucheix C, Rubinstein E, Minguito de la Escalera M, González-Cintado L, Ardavín C, Veiga E, Yáñez-Mó M, Sánchez-Madrid F. CD81 controls immunity to Listeria infection through rac-dependent inhibition of proinflammatory mediator release and activation of cytotoxic T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:6090-101. [PMID: 25972472 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent evidence on the involvement of CD81 in pathogen binding and Ag presentation by dendritic cells (DCs), the molecular mechanism of how CD81 regulates immunity during infection remains to be elucidated. To investigate the role of CD81 in the regulation of defense mechanisms against microbial infections, we have used the Listeria monocytogenes infection model to explore the impact of CD81 deficiency in the innate and adaptive immune response against this pathogenic bacteria. We show that CD81(-/-) mice are less susceptible than wild-type mice to systemic Listeria infection, which correlates with increased numbers of inflammatory monocytes and DCs in CD81(-/-) spleens, the main subsets controlling early bacterial burden. Additionally, our data reveal that CD81 inhibits Rac/STAT-1 activation, leading to a negative regulation of the production of TNF-α and NO by inflammatory DCs and the activation of cytotoxic T cells by splenic CD8α(+) DCs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that CD81-Rac interaction exerts an important regulatory role on the innate and adaptive immunity against bacterial infection and suggests a role for CD81 in the development of novel therapeutic targets during infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Martínez del Hoyo
- Departamento de Biología Vascular e Inflamación, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Ramírez-Huesca
- Departamento de Biología Vascular e Inflamación, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Shoshana Levy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035
| | - Claude Boucheix
- INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Institut André Lwoff, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Rubinstein
- INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Institut André Lwoff, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - María Minguito de la Escalera
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia González-Cintado
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Ardavín
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteban Veiga
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Departamento de Biología Vascular e Inflamación, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Bekiaris V, Šedý JR, Ware CF. Mixing Signals: Molecular Turn Ons and Turn Offs for Innate γδ T-Cells. Front Immunol 2014; 5:654. [PMID: 25566265 PMCID: PMC4270187 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes of the gamma delta (γδ) T-cell lineage are evolutionary conserved and although they express rearranged antigen-specific receptors, a large proportion respond as innate effectors. γδ T-cells are poised to combat infection by responding rapidly to cytokine stimuli similar to innate lymphoid cells. This potential to initiate strong inflammatory responses necessitates that inhibitory signals are balanced with activation signals. Here, we discuss some of the key mechanisms that regulate the development, activation, and inhibition of innate γδ T-cells in light of recent evidence that the inhibitory immunoglobulin-superfamily member B and T lymphocyte attenuator restricts their differentiation and effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Bekiaris
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - John R Šedý
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute , La Jolla, CA , USA
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