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Barman S, Kurnaz LB, Leighton R, Hossain MW, Decho AW, Tang C. Intrinsic antimicrobial resistance: Molecular biomaterials to combat microbial biofilms and bacterial persisters. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122690. [PMID: 38976935 PMCID: PMC11298303 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The escalating rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) coupled with a declining arsenal of new antibiotics is imposing serious threats to global public health. A pervasive aspect of many acquired AMR infections is that the pathogenic microorganisms exist as biofilms, which are equipped with superior survival strategies. In addition, persistent and recalcitrant infections are seeded with bacterial persister cells at infection sites. Together, conventional antibiotic therapeutics often fail in the complete treatment of infections associated with bacterial persisters and biofilms. Novel therapeutics have been attempted to tackle AMR, biofilms, and persister-associated complex infections. This review focuses on the progress in designing molecular biomaterials and therapeutics to address acquired and intrinsic AMR, and the fundamental microbiology behind biofilms and persisters. Starting with a brief introduction of AMR basics and approaches to tackling acquired AMR, the emphasis is placed on various biomaterial approaches to combating intrinsic AMR, including (1) semi-synthetic antibiotics; (2) macromolecular or polymeric biomaterials mimicking antimicrobial peptides; (3) adjuvant effects in synergy; (4) nano-therapeutics; (5) nitric oxide-releasing antimicrobials; (6) antimicrobial hydrogels; (7) antimicrobial coatings. Particularly, the structure-activity relationship is elucidated in each category of these biomaterials. Finally, illuminating perspectives are provided for the future design of molecular biomaterials to bypass AMR and cure chronic multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagatam Barman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States
| | - Leman Buzoglu Kurnaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States
| | - Ryan Leighton
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States
| | - Md Waliullah Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States
| | - Alan W Decho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States.
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States.
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2
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Xi Y, Li X, Liu L, Xiu F, Yi X, Chen H, You X. Sneaky tactics: Ingenious immune evasion mechanisms of Bartonella. Virulence 2024; 15:2322961. [PMID: 38443331 PMCID: PMC10936683 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2322961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative Bartonella species are facultative intracellular bacteria that can survive in the harsh intracellular milieu of host cells. They have evolved strategies to evade detection and degradation by the host immune system, which ensures their proliferation in the host. Following infection, Bartonella alters the initial immunogenic surface-exposed proteins to evade immune recognition via antigen or phase variation. The diverse lipopolysaccharide structures of certain Bartonella species allow them to escape recognition by the host pattern recognition receptors. Additionally, the survival of mature erythrocytes and their resistance to lysosomal fusion further complicate the immune clearance of this species. Certain Bartonella species also evade immune attacks by producing biofilms and anti-inflammatory cytokines and decreasing endothelial cell apoptosis. Overall, these factors create a challenging landscape for the host immune system to rapidly and effectively eradicate the Bartonella species, thereby facilitating the persistence of Bartonella infections and creating a substantial obstacle for therapeutic interventions. This review focuses on the effects of three human-specific Bartonella species, particularly their mechanisms of host invasion and immune escape, to gain new perspectives in the development of effective diagnostic tools, prophylactic measures, and treatment options for Bartonella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Xi
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xinru Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Feichen Xiu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xinchao Yi
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Chenzhou NO.1 People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, ChenZhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing You
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Zheng X, Zhang W, Wu Y, Wu J, Chen Y, Long M. Biodegradation of organosulfur with extra carbon source: Insights into biofilm formation and bacterial metabolic processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175758. [PMID: 39182787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Organosulfur compounds are prevalent in wastewater, presenting challenges for biodegradation, particularly in low-carbon environments. Supplementing additional carbon sources not only provides essential nutrients for microbial growth but also serves as regulators, influencing adaptive changes in biofilm and enhancing the survival of microorganisms in organosulfur-induced stress bioreactors. This study aims to elucidate the biodegradation of organosulfur under varying carbon source levels, placing specific emphasis on functional bacteria and metabolic processes. It has been observed that higher levels of carbon supplementation led to significantly improved total sulfur (TS) removal efficiencies, exceeding 83 %, and achieve a high organosulfur CH3SH removal efficiency of ~100 %. However, in the reactor with no external carbon source added, the oxidation end-product SO42- accumulated significantly, surpassing 120 mEq/m2-day. Furthermore, the TB-EPS concentration consistently increasedwith the ascending glucose concentration. The analysis of bacterial community reveals the enrichment of functional bacteria involved in sulfur metabolism and biofilm formation (e.g. Ferruginibacter, Rhodopeudomonas, Gordonia, and Thiobacillus). Correspondingly, the gene expressions related to the pathway of organosulfur to SO42- were notably enhanced (e.g. MTO increased by 27.7 %). In contrast, extra carbon source facilitated the transfer of organosulfur into amino acids in sulfur metabolism and promoted assimilation. These metabolic insights, coupled with kinetic transformation results, further validate distinct sulfur pathways under different carbon source conditions. The intricate interplay between bacteria growth regulation, pollutant biodegradation, and microbial metabolites underscores a complex network relationship that significantly contributes to efficient operation of bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Min Long
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Kramer A, Lexow F, Bludau A, Köster AM, Misailovski M, Seifert U, Eggers M, Rutala W, Dancer SJ, Scheithauer S. How long do bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses retain their replication capacity on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review examining environmental resilience versus healthcare-associated infection risk by "fomite-borne risk assessment". Clin Microbiol Rev 2024:e0018623. [PMID: 39388143 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00186-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYIn healthcare settings, contaminated surfaces play an important role in the transmission of nosocomial pathogens potentially resulting in healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Pathogens can be transmitted directly from frequent hand-touch surfaces close to patients or indirectly by staff and visitors. HAI risk depends on exposure, extent of contamination, infectious dose (ID), virulence, hygiene practices, and patient vulnerability. This review attempts to close a gap in previous reviews on persistence/tenacity by only including articles (n = 171) providing quantitative data on re-cultivable pathogens from fomites for a better translation into clinical settings. We have therefore introduced the new term "replication capacity" (RC). The RC is affected by the degree of contamination, surface material, temperature, relative humidity, protein load, organic soil, UV-light (sunlight) exposure, and pH value. In general, investigations into surface RC are mainly performed in vitro using reference strains with high inocula. In vitro data from studies on 14 Gram-positive, 26 Gram-negative bacteria, 18 fungi, 4 protozoa, and 37 viruses. It should be regarded as a worst-case scenario indicating the upper bounds of risks when using such data for clinical decision-making. Information on RC after surface contamination could be seen as an opportunity to choose the most appropriate infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies. To help with decision-making, pathogens characterized by an increased nosocomial risk for transmission from inanimate surfaces ("fomite-borne") are presented and discussed in this systematic review. Thus, the review offers a theoretical basis to support local risk assessments and IPC recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kramer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Franziska Lexow
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Unit 14: Hospital Hygiene, Infection Prevention and Control, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Bludau
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonia Milena Köster
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Misailovski
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Seifert
- Friedrich Loeffler-Institute of Medical Microbiology - Virology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maren Eggers
- Labor Prof. Dr. G. Enders MVZ GbR, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - William Rutala
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie J Dancer
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Hairmyres, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Scheithauer
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Bi Y, Chen X, Luo F, Wang X, Chen X, Yao J, Shao Z. Magnetic silk fibroin nanospheres loaded with amphiphilic polypeptides and antibiotics for biofilm eradication. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:5337-5348. [PMID: 39248307 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm01065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The eradication of established biofilms is a highly challenging task, due to the protective barrier effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the presence of persister cells. Both increased drug permeability and elimination of persister cells are essential for the eradication of biofilms. Here, magnetic silk fibroin nanospheres loaded with antibiotics and host defense peptide (HDP) mimics (MPSN/S@P) were developed to demonstrate a new strategy for biofilm eradication. As an HDP mimic, an amphiphilic polypeptide containing 90% L-lysine and 10% L-valine (Lys90Val10) was selected for loading onto magnetic silk fibroin nanospheres via electrostatic interactions. Lys90Val10 exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against both planktonic and persister cells of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). As a representative of the hydrophobic drug, spiramycin (SPM) was conveniently embedded into the β-sheet domain during the self-assembly process of silk fibroin. The sustained release of SPM during biofilm eradication enhanced the antibacterial efficacy of MPSN/S@P. The antibacterial test demonstrated that the extract from the MPSN/S@P suspension can kill both planktonic and persister cells of S. aureus, as well as inhibiting biofilm formation. Importantly, with the assistance of magnetic guidance and photothermal effects derived from Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs), over 92% of bacteria in the biofilm were killed by MPSN/S@P, indicating the successful eradication of mature biofilms. The simple preparation method, integration of photothermal and magnetic responsiveness, and persister cell killing functions of MPSN/S@P provide an accessible strategy and illustrative paradigm for efficient biofilm eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.
| | - Xuyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.
| | - Feiyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.
| | - Xiehe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.
| | - Jinrong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.
| | - Zhengzhong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China.
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Dong H, You Y, Wang N, Wang M, Song T, He Y, Zou Y, He Y, Peng T, Mei L. Development of amphipathic derivatives of thymol and carvacrol as potent broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116716. [PMID: 39088997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, to discover novel antibacterial agents, we designed and synthesized 72 carvacrol and thymol derivatives by biomimicking the structure and function of cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Many of the derivatives showed good antibacterial activity, and compound thy2I exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.5 μg/mL to 8 μg/mL. Compound thy2I could kill both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria via a membrane-targeting mechanism of action with a low frequency of resistance. In addition, thy2I had the advantages of good membrane selectivity, low toxicity in vitro and in vivo, and good plasma stability. The in vivo activity results revealed that thy2I exhibited a positive therapeutic effect in a mouse skin abscess model induced by Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213. After thy2I treatment (10 mg/kg), the bacterial load of the S. aureus-infected abscesses was reduced by approximately 99.65 %. Our study suggests that thy2I may serve as an antibacterial lead for further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Dong
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China
| | - Yuanwei You
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China
| | - Na Wang
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China
| | - Tao Song
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China
| | - Yani He
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China
| | - Yuhui Zou
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China
| | - Yujiao He
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China
| | - Ting Peng
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China
| | - Ling Mei
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China.
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Jiang L, Zhang C, Qian X, Gu J, Song Z. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles increase polymyxin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa while inhibiting its quorum sensing. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135588. [PMID: 39181004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The persistent emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens is leading to a decline in the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) emerging as a notable threat. We investigated the antibiotic resistance and quorum sensing (QS) system of P. aeruginosa, with a particular focused on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and polymyxin B as the last line of antibiotic defense. Our findings indicate that OMVs increase the resistance of P. aeruginosa to polymyxin B. The overall gene transcription levels within P. aeruginosa also reveal that OMVs can reduce the efficacy of polymyxin B. However, both OMVs and sublethal concentrations of polymyxin B suppressed the transcription levels of genes associated with the QS system. Furthermore, OMVs and polymyxin B acted in concert on the QS system of P. aeruginosa to produce a more potent inhibitory effect. This suppression was evidenced by a decrease in the secretion of virulence factors, impaired bacterial motility, and a notable decline in the ability to form biofilms. These results reveal that OMVs enhance the resistance of P. aeruginosa to polymyxin B, yet they collaborate with polymyxin B to inhibit the QS system. Our research contribute to a deeper understanding of the resistance mechanisms of P. aeruginosa in the environment, and provide new insights into the reduction of bacterial infections caused by P. aeruginosa through the QS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xun Qian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jie Gu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Agricultural Waste Resources, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zilin Song
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Deventer AT, Stevens CE, Stewart A, Hobbs JK. Antibiotic tolerance among clinical isolates: mechanisms, detection, prevalence, and significance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024:e0010624. [PMID: 39364999 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00106-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYAntibiotic treatment failures in the absence of resistance are not uncommon. Recently, attention has grown around the phenomenon of antibiotic tolerance, an underappreciated contributor to recalcitrant infections first detected in the 1970s. Tolerance describes the ability of a bacterial population to survive transient exposure to an otherwise lethal concentration of antibiotic without exhibiting resistance. With advances in genomics, we are gaining a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind tolerance, and several studies have sought to examine the clinical prevalence of tolerance. Attempts have also been made to assess the clinical significance of tolerance through in vivo infection models and prospective/retrospective clinical studies. Here, we review the data available on the molecular mechanisms, detection, prevalence, and clinical significance of genotypic tolerance that span ~50 years. We discuss the need for standardized methodology and interpretation criteria for tolerance detection and the impact that methodological inconsistencies have on our ability to accurately assess the scale of the problem. In terms of the clinical significance of tolerance, studies suggest that tolerance contributes to worse outcomes for patients (e.g., higher mortality, prolonged hospitalization), but historical data from animal models are varied. Furthermore, we lack the necessary information to effectively treat tolerant infections. Overall, while the tolerance field is gaining much-needed traction, the underlying clinical significance of tolerance that underpins all tolerance research is still far from clear and requires attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley T Deventer
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E Stevens
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Stewart
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne K Hobbs
- School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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Liao H, Yan X, Wang C, Huang C, Zhang W, Xiao L, Jiang J, Bao Y, Huang T, Zhang H, Guo C, Zhang Y, Pu Y. Cyclic di-GMP as an antitoxin regulates bacterial genome stability and antibiotic persistence in biofilms. eLife 2024; 13:RP99194. [PMID: 39365286 PMCID: PMC11452175 DOI: 10.7554/elife.99194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are complex bacterial communities characterized by a high persister prevalence, which contributes to chronic and relapsing infections. Historically, persister formation in biofilms has been linked to constraints imposed by their dense structures. However, we observed an elevated persister frequency accompanying the stage of cell adhesion, marking the onset of biofilm development. Subsequent mechanistic studies uncovered a comparable type of toxin-antitoxin (TA) module (TA-like system) triggered by cell adhesion, which is responsible for this elevation. In this module, the toxin HipH acts as a genotoxic deoxyribonuclease, inducing DNA double strand breaks and genome instability. While the second messenger c-di-GMP functions as the antitoxin, exerting control over HipH expression and activity. The dynamic interplay between c-di-GMP and HipH levels emerges as a crucial determinant governing genome stability and persister generation within biofilms. These findings unveil a unique TA system, where small molecules act as the antitoxin, outlining a biofilm-specific molecular mechanism influencing genome stability and antibiotic persistence, with potential implications for treating biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebin Liao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Translational Medicine Research Center, North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongChina
| | - Xiaodan Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chenyi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chun Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Leyi Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jun Jiang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yongjia Bao
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Tao Huang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Hanbo Zhang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Chunming Guo
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yingying Pu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhanChina
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10
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Gieroń M, Słowik-Rylska M, Kucharczyk M, Cyran-Stemplewska S, Gieroń B, Czerwonka G, Kozieł D, Kręcisz B. The influence of maggot debridement therapy on the bacterial flora of hard-to-heal wounds. J Wound Care 2024; 33:778-787. [PMID: 39388209 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2020.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is increasingly being used in clinical practice as an alternative treatment for hard-to-heal (chronic) wounds. Among the many benefits of using MDT is its antimicrobial effect. Maggots secrete substances that are known to have antibacterial properties against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Clinically, this results in the effective eradication of pathogenic species and consequently, a faster healing process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect MDT has on the bacterial flora of hard-to-heal ulcers. METHOD Patients with venous, mixed arteriovenous, decubitus, diabetic and neuropathic wounds were treated with larvae of Lucilia sericata enclosed in bags. Dressings were applied to the wounds for 72 hours. Before and after the therapy, a swab was taken from the wound, and bacterial diversity and bacterial growth scores were assessed. While 16 patients were treated only once, the treatment had to be repeated in four cases until the wounds were fully debrided. RESULTS Bacteria of the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis were the most common strains observed. Of the 20 patients treated, the total number of bacterial strains decreased in eight wounds, but increased in five wounds, while no difference was observed in nine wounds. The average number of bacterial strains in wounds decreased after MDT. A lower incidence of alarm pathogens was also reported. In cases where multiple applications of larvae were administered, greater decreases in bacterial growth scores were observed than in cases with a single application of dressing (37.5% vs 18.1%, respectively). In 18 cases, after disinfection of the wound by larvae, it was reinfected by strains not detected before. Wounds healed completely after MDT in two patients. CONCLUSION In this study, MDT changed the bacterial diversity of hard-to-heal wounds. The larvae reduced overall bacterial growth scores and acted on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as on alarm pathogens. Cleaned wounds appeared to become vulnerable to infection by opportunistic bacteria. The bacterial burden decreased as the number of applications of biological dressings increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gieroń
- Dermatology Department, Voivodeship Compound Hospital, Kielce, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dorota Kozieł
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Beata Kręcisz
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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Jin J, Yang Y, Yang J, Sun Z, Wang D, Qin Y, Ruan C, Li D, Pan Y, Wu J, Zhang C, Hu Y, Lei P. Macrophage metabolic reprogramming-based diabetic infected bone defect/bone reconstruction though multi-function silk hydrogel with exosome release. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134830. [PMID: 39154694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic infected bone defects (DIBD) with abnormal immune metabolism are prone to the hard-to-treat bacterial infections and delayed bone regeneration, which present significant challenges in clinic. Control of immune metabolism is believed to be important in regulating fundamental immunological processes. Here, we developed a macrophage metabolic reprogramming hydrogel composed of modified silk fibroin (Silk-6) and poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) and further integrated with M2 Macrophage-derived Exo (M2-Exo), named Silk-6/ε-PL@Exo. This degradable hydrogel showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial performance against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. More importantly, the release of M2-Exo from Silk-6/ε-PL@Exo could target M1 macrophages, modulating the activity of the key enzyme hexokinase II (HK2) to control the inflammation-related NF-κB pathway, alleviate lactate accumulation, and inhibit glycolysis to normalize the cycle, thereby promoting M1-to-M2 balance. Using a rat model of DIBD, Silk-6/ε-PL@Exo hydrogel promoted infection control, balanced immune responses and accelerated the bone defect healing. Overall, this study demonstrates that this Silk-6/ε-PL @Exo is a promising filler biomaterial with multi-function to treat DIBD and emphasizes the importance of metabolic reprogramming in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yifang Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Chengxin Ruan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningxia Medicial University, Yinchuan 200233, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiangdong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Pengfei Lei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhong Z, Gong Y, Yu P, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou T, Chen L. Immunomodulator AS101 restores colistin susceptibility of clinical colistin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro and in vivo. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 64:107285. [PMID: 39111708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colistin (COL) was once considered to be the last line of defence against multidrug-resistant bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Due to the misuse of COL, COL-resistant (COL-R) Enterobacteriaceae have emerged. To address this clinical issue and combat COL resistance, novel approaches are urgently needed. METHODS In this study, the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of the immunomodulator AS101 were investigated in combination with COL against COL-R Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae). RESULTS Checkerboard assay, time-kill assay, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the in vitro antimicrobial phenotype, whereas, crystal violet staining and multidimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy with live/dead staining confirmed the antibiofilm capability of the combination therapy. Moreover, the Galleria mellonella infection model and the mouse infection model indicated the high in vivo efficacy of the combination therapy. Additionally, cytotoxicity experiments performed using human kidney-derived HK-2 cells and haemolysis assays performed using human erythrocytes collectively demonstrated safety at effective combination concentrations. Furthermore, quantification of the expression of inflammatory cytokines via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed the anti-inflammatory advantage of combination therapy. At the mechanistic level, changes in outer and inner membrane permeability and accumulation of ROS levels, which might be potential mechanisms for synergistic antimicrobial effects. CONCLUSIONS This study found that AS101 can restore COL susceptibility in clinical COL-R E. coli and K. pneumoniae and also has synergistic antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory capabilities. This study provided a novel strategy to combat clinical infections caused by COL-R E. coli and K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeyong Zhong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanchun Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pingting Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Xu K, Zhong J, Li J, Cao Y, Wei L. Structure features of Streptococcus pneumoniae FabG and virtual screening of allosteric inhibitors. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1472252. [PMID: 39398278 PMCID: PMC11467476 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1472252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae, a gram-positive bacterium, is responsible for diverse infections globally, and its antibiotic resistance presents significant challenges to medical advancements. It is imperative to employ various strategies to identify antibiotics. 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (FabG) is a key component in the type II fatty acid synthase (FAS II) system, which is a developing target for new anti-streptococcal drugs. We first demonstrated the function of SpFabG in vivo and in vitro and the 2 Å SpFabG structure was elucidated using X-ray diffraction technique. It was observed that the NADPH binding promotes the transformation from tetramers to dimers in solution, suggesting dimers but not tetramer may be the active conformation. By comparing the structures of FabG homologues, we have identified the conserved tetramerization site and further confirmed the mechanism that the tetramerization site mutation leads to a loss of function and destabilization through mutagenesis experiments. Starting from 533,600 compounds, we proceeded with a sequential workflow involving pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking, and binding energy calculations. Combining all the structural analysis, we identified L1, L2 and L5 as a promising candidate for SpFabG inhibitor, based on the most stable binding mode in comparison to other evaluated inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianliang Zhong
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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14
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Lu H, Han X, Qin D, Sheng L, Du C, Wang B, Zhao H, Lu Y, Liu Y, Hu HY, Liu Y, Zhang D. Tricyclic Benzo[1,3]oxazinyloxazolidinones as Potent Antibacterial Agents against Drug-Resistant Pathogens. J Med Chem 2024; 67:16088-16106. [PMID: 39236219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we developed a series of benzo[1,3]oxazinyloxazolidinones as potent antibacterial agents. Some of the compounds exhibited potent antibacterial activity against a range of clinical drug-resistant pathogens, including Mtb, MRSA, MRSE, VISA, and VRE. Notably, compound 16d inhibited protein synthesis and displayed potent activity against linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Although 16d showed cross-resistance to linezolid-resistant MRSA, the frequency of resistance development of MRSA against 16d was lower compared to that of linezolid. Additionally, 16d exhibited excellent pharmacokinetic properties and superior in vivo efficacy compared to linezolid. Furthermore, compound 16d modulated cytokine levels and ameliorated histopathological changes in major organs of bacterially infected mice. Hoechst-PI double staining and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that 16d exhibited some similarities with linezolid in its effects while also demonstrating a distinct mechanism characterized by cell membrane damage. Moreover, 16d significantly disrupted the MRSA biofilms. The antibacterial agent 16d represents a promising candidate for the treatment of serious infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijia Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Anti-DR TB Innovative Drug Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaowan Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Di Qin
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chen Du
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 97 Ma Chang Street, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Hongyi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Anti-DR TB Innovative Drug Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 97 Ma Chang Street, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Yishuang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hai-Yu Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ya Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Anti-DR TB Innovative Drug Research, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
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15
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Guo L, Ruan Q, Ma D, Wen J. Revealing quorum-sensing networks in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections through internal and external signals to prevent new resistance trends. Microbiol Res 2024; 289:127915. [PMID: 39342746 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
In the context of growing antibiotic resistance in bacteria, the quorum-sensing (QS) system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) has become a target for new therapeutic strategies. QS is a crucial communication process and an essential pathogenic mechanism. This comprehensive review explores the critical role of QS in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa infections, including lung, burn, bloodstream, gastrointestinal, corneal, and urinary tract infections. In addition, this review delves into the complexity of the bacterial QS communication network and highlights the intricate mechanisms underlying these pathological processes. Notably, in addition to the four main QS systems, bacterial QS can interact with various external and internal signaling networks, such as host environments and nutrients in the external microbiome, as well as internal virulence regulation systems within bacteria. These elements can significantly influence the behavior and virulence of microbial communities. Therefore, this review reveals that inhibitors targeting singular QS pathways may inadvertently promote virulence in other pathways, leading to new trends in drug resistance. In response to evolving resistance challenges, this study proposes more cautious treatment strategies, including multitarget interventions and combination therapies, aimed at combating the escalating issue of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Ruan
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Fakher S, Westenberg D. The anti-biofilm efficacy of copper and zinc doped borate bioactive glasses. Future Microbiol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39269814 DOI: 10.1080/17460913.2024.2398410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs) pose significant challenges in medical settings due to their resistance to conventional treatment methods. The role of bacterial biofilms in exacerbating these infections is well-documented, making HAIs particularly difficult to eradicate. Despite numerous research efforts, an effective solution to combat these infections remains elusive. This study aims to explore the potential of metal-ion (copper and zinc) doped borate bioactive glasses (BBGs) as a novel treatment modality to inhibit bacterial species commonly implicated in HAIs: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods: The study analyzed the efficacy of both direct and indirect applications of BBGs on severe biofilms pre-formed under static and dynamic growth conditions; a comprehensive predictive modeling was developed, simulating diverse clinically relevant conditions.Results: Results demonstrate more than 4 log reduction in bacterial growth within 2 days for direct application and 3 days for indirect application of copper and zinc-doped BBGs. These findings were consistent across the three bacterial species, in both static and dynamic conditions.Conclusion: Copper and zinc-doped BBGs can be an effective approach in combating HAIs complicated by biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fakher
- Missouri University of Science & Technology, Department of Biological Sciences, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - David Westenberg
- Missouri University of Science & Technology, Department of Biological Sciences, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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Guo P, Wang W, Xiang Q, Pan C, Qiu Y, Li T, Wang D, Ouyang J, Jia R, Shi M, Wang Y, Li J, Zou J, Zhong Y, Zhao J, Zheng D, Cui Y, Ma G, Wei W. Engineered probiotic ameliorates ulcerative colitis by restoring gut microbiota and redox homeostasis. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:1502-1518.e9. [PMID: 39197456 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics are potential treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC), but their efficacy is frequently compromised by gastrointestinal conditions that limit adhesion and activity. Here, we use machine learning and bioinformatics to confirm that patients with UC have decreased prevalence of Lactobacillus genus and increased oxidative stress, which correlate with inflammation severity. Accordingly, we developed a probiotic-based therapeutic that synergistically restores intestinal redox and microbiota homeostasis. Lactobacillus casei (Lac) were induced to form a pericellular film, providing a polysaccharide network for spatially confined crystallization of ultrasmall but highly active selenium dots (Se-Lac). Upon oral administration, the selenium dot-embedded pericellular film efficiently enhanced gastric acid resistance and intestinal mucoadhesion of Lac cells. At the lesion site, the selenium dots scavenged reactive oxygen species, while Lac modulated the gut microbiota. In multiple mouse models and non-human primates, this therapeutic effectively relieved inflammation and reduced colonic damage, thus showing promise as a UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Chao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Yefeng Qiu
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Junxia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Jiale Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130015, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Diwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China.
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.
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18
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He W, Ma P, Li L, Wang D, Li X, Wen X, Zuo Y, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Cheng R, Wang Z. Efficacy and safety of preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infection by inhibiting catheter bacterial biofilm formation: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2024; 13:96. [PMID: 39218889 PMCID: PMC11367937 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-024-01450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) remains the most significant challenge among hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), yet still unresolved. The present study aims to evaluate the preventive effectiveness of JUC Spray Dressing (name of U.S. FDA and CE certifications, while the medical device name in China is Long-acting Antimicrobial Material) alone for CAUTI without combining with antibiotics and to evaluate the impact of bacterial biofilm formation on CAUTI results on the inserted catheters of patients. METHODS In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind study, we enrolled adults who suffered from acute urinary retention (AUR) and required catheterization in 6 hospitals in China. Participants were randomly allocated 1:1 according to a random number table to receive JUC Spray Dressing (JUC group) or normal saline (placebo group). The catheters were pretreated with JUC Spray Dressing or normal saline respectively before catheterization. Urine samples and catheter samples were collected after catheterization by trial staff for further investigation. RESULTS From April 2012 to April 2020, we enrolled 264 patients and randomly assigned them to the JUC group (n = 132) and the placebo group (n = 132). Clinical symptoms and urine bacterial cultures showed the incidence of CAUTI of the JUC group was significantly lower than the placebo group (P < 0.01). In addition, another 30 patients were enrolled to evaluate the biofilm formation on catheters after catheter insertion in the patients' urethra (10 groups, 3 each). The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that bacterial biofilm formed on the 5th day in the placebo group, while no bacterial biofilm formed on the 5th day in the JUC group. In addition, no adverse reactions were reported using JUC Spray Dressing. CONCLUSION Continued indwelling urinary catheters for 5 days resulted in bacterial biofilm formation, and pretreatment of urethral catheters with JUC Spray Dressing can prevent bacterial biofilm formation by forming a physical antimicrobial film, and significantly reduce the incidence of CAUTI. This is the first report of a study on inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation on the catheters in CAUTI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peifen Ma
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82, Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongmin Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82, Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingqiao Wen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Guo
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ru Cheng
- Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82, Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Yoshida S, Inaba H, Nomura R, Nakano K, Matsumoto-Nakano M. Role of fimbriae variations in Porphyromonas gulae biofilm formation. J Oral Biosci 2024:S1349-0079(24)00193-2. [PMID: 39216533 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Porphyromonas gulae is a major causative agent of periodontal disease in companion animals that possesses various virulence factors, including fimbriae, lipopolysaccharides, and proteases. P. gulae fimbriae are classified into three genotypes (A, B, and C) based on their nucleotide sequences. Type C fimbrial isolates have been reported to be more virulent than other fimA types, suggesting that different fimA types may aid in the regulation of periodontal pathogenesis. Detailed findings regarding the ability of P. gulae to form biofilms have yet to be reported. Here, we investigated the contributions of fimbrial genotypes in P. gulae biofilm formation. METHODS P. gulae and P. gingivalis biofilms were generated on plates and analyzed using confocal laser microscopy. Additionally, the biofilms formed were assessed by staining with crystal violet. Furthermore, the physical strength of P. gulae biofilms was examined by ultrasonication. RESULTS Biofilms formed by P. gulae type C were denser than those formed by types A and B. Moreover, the amount of biofilm formed by type C strains was significantly greater than that formed by type A and B strains, which was similar to the biofilms formed by P. gingivalis with type II fimbriae. Additionally, the physical strength of the type C biofilm was significantly greater than that of the other strains. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that FimA variation may coordinate for biofilm formation. This is the first report on the observation and characterization of P. gulae biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Inaba
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyoto Koka Women's College, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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20
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Ye Z, Fu L, Li S, Chen Z, Ouyang J, Shang X, Liu Y, Gao L, Wang Y. Synergistic collaboration between AMPs and non-direct antimicrobial cationic peptides. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7319. [PMID: 39183339 PMCID: PMC11345435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-direct antimicrobial cationic peptides (NDACPs) are components of the animal innate immune system. But their functions and association with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are incompletely understood. Here, we reveal a synergistic interaction between the AMP AW1 and the NDACP AW2, which are co-expressed in the frog Amolops wuyiensis. AW2 enhances the antibacterial activity of AW1 both in vitro and in vivo, while mitigating the development of bacterial resistance and eradicating biofilms. AW1 and AW2 synergistically damage bacterial membranes, facilitating cellular uptake and interaction of AW2 with the intracellular target bacterial genomic DNA. Simultaneously, they trigger the generation of ROS in bacteria, contributing to cell death upon reaching a threshold level. Moreover, we demonstrate that this synergistic antibacterial effect between AMPs and NDACPs is prevalent across diverse animal species. These findings unveil a robust and previously unknown correlation between AMPs and NDACPs as a widespread antibacterial immune defense strategy in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifan Ye
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangyu Li
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhong Ouyang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinci Shang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianghui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.
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21
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Zhang Y, Cai Y, Jin X, Wu Q, Bai F, Liu J. Persistent glucose consumption under antibiotic treatment protects bacterial community. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01708-z. [PMID: 39138382 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics typically induce major physiological changes in bacteria. However, their effect on nutrient consumption remains unclear. Here we found that Escherichia coli communities can sustain normal levels of glucose consumption under a broad range of antibiotics. The community-living resulted in a low membrane potential in the bacteria, allowing slow antibiotic accumulation on treatment and better adaptation. Through multi-omics analysis, we identified a prevalent adaptive response characterized by the upregulation of lipid synthesis, which substantially contributes to sustained glucose consumption. The consumption was maintained by the periphery region of the community, thereby restricting glucose penetration into the community interior. The resulting spatial heterogeneity in glucose availability protected the interior from antibiotic accumulation in a membrane potential-dependent manner, ensuring rapid recovery of the community postantibiotic treatment. Our findings unveiled a community-level antibiotic response through spatial regulation of metabolism and suggested new strategies for antibiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zhang
- Center for Infection Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yumin Cai
- Center for Infection Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qile Wu
- Center for Infection Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jintao Liu
- Center for Infection Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
- SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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22
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Ruiz-Mazón L, Ramírez-Rico G, de la Garza M. Lactoferrin Affects the Viability of Bacteria in a Biofilm and the Formation of a New Biofilm Cycle of Mannheimia haemolytica A2. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8718. [PMID: 39201405 PMCID: PMC11355051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases in ruminants are responsible for enormous economic losses for the dairy and meat industry. The main causative bacterial agent of pneumonia in ovine is Mannheimia haemolytica A2. Due to the impact of this disease, the effect of the antimicrobial protein, bovine lactoferrin (bLf), against virulence factors of this bacterium has been studied. However, its effect on biofilm formation has not been reported. In this work, we evaluated the effect on different stages of the biofilm. Our results reveal a decrease in biofilm formation when bacteria were pre-incubated with bLf. However, when bLf was added at the start of biofilm formation and on mature biofilm, an increase was observed, which was visualized by greater bacterial aggregation and secretion of biofilm matrix components. Additionally, through SDS-PAGE, a remarkable band of ~80 kDa was observed when bLf was added to biofilms. Therefore, the presence of bLf on the biofilm was determined through the Western blot and Microscopy techniques. Finally, by using Live/Dead staining, we observed that most of the bacteria in a biofilm with bLf were not viable. In addition, bLf affects the formation of a new biofilm cycle. In conclusion, bLf binds to the biofilm of M. haemolytica A2 and affects the viability of bacteria and the formation a new biofilm cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucero Ruiz-Mazón
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico; (L.R.-M.); (G.R.-R.)
| | - Gerardo Ramírez-Rico
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico; (L.R.-M.); (G.R.-R.)
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Km 2.5 Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Mireya de la Garza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico; (L.R.-M.); (G.R.-R.)
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23
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Ronish LA, Biswas B, Bauer RM, Jacob ME, Piepenbrink KH. The role of extracellular structures in Clostridioides difficile biofilm formation. Anaerobe 2024; 88:102873. [PMID: 38844261 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
C. difficile infection (CDI) is a costly and increasing burden on the healthcare systems of many developed countries due to the high rates of nosocomial infections. Despite the availability of several antibiotics with high response rates, effective treatment is hampered by recurrent infections. One potential mechanism for recurrence is the existence of C. difficile biofilms in the gut which persist through the course of antibiotics. In this review, we describe current developments in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which C. difficile biofilms form and are stabilized through extracellular biomolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Ronish
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Baishakhi Biswas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Robert M Bauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Mallory E Jacob
- Biochemistry Department, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kurt H Piepenbrink
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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24
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Liu Q, Tang Y, Jiang S, Yu X, Zhu H, Xie X, Ning X. Mechanisms of action of berberine hydrochloride in planktonic cells and biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106774. [PMID: 38969184 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of extensively drug-and pan-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major concern for global public health. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel antimicrobials that specifically target P. aeruginosa and its biofilms. In the present study, we determined that berberine hydrochloride inhibited the growth of planktonic bacteria as well as prevented the formation of biofilms. Moreover, we observed downregulation in the expression of pslA and pelA biofilm-related genes. Compared with existing antibiotics, berberine hydrochloride exhibits multiple modes of action against P. aeruginosa. Our findings suggest that berberine hydrochloride exerts its antimicrobial effects by damaging bacterial cell membranes, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reducing intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Furthermore, berberine hydrochloride showed minimal cytotoxicity and reduced susceptibility to drug resistance. In a mouse model of peritonitis, it significantly inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa and exhibited a strong bacteriostatic action. In conclusion, berberine hydrochloride is a safe and effective antibacterial agent that inhibits the growth of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Liu
- The First hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China.
| | - Yongxue Tang
- The First hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Siyu Jiang
- The First hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- The First hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Huibin Zhu
- The First hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Xiaobing Xie
- The First hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Xingwang Ning
- The First hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410000, China.
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25
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Li C, Wang ZX, Xiao H, Wu FG. Intestinal Delivery of Probiotics: Materials, Strategies, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310174. [PMID: 38245861 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics with diverse and crucial properties and functions have attracted broad interest from many researchers, who adopt intestinal delivery of probiotics to modulate the gut microbiota. However, the major problems faced for the therapeutic applications of probiotics are the viability and colonization of probiotics during their processing, oral intake, and subsequent delivery to the gut. The challenges of simple oral delivery (stability, controllability, targeting, etc.) have greatly limited the use of probiotics in clinical therapies. Nanotechnology can endow the probiotics to be delivered to the intestine with improved survival rate and increased resistance to the adverse environment. Additionally, the progress in synthetic biology has created new opportunities for efficiently and purposefully designing and manipulating the probiotics. In this article, a brief overview of the types of probiotics for intestinal delivery, the current progress of different probiotic encapsulation strategies, including the chemical, physical, and genetic strategies and their combinations, and the emerging single-cell encapsulation strategies using nanocoating methods, is presented. The action mechanisms of probiotics that are responsible for eliciting beneficial effects are also briefly discussed. Finally, the therapeutic applications of engineered probiotics are discussed, and the future trends toward developing engineered probiotics with advanced features and improved health benefits are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zi-Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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26
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Ao J, Zhang X, You Y, Chen Y, Liu Z, Gao J, Qin C, Hao L, Zhao J, Jiang R. Bioinspired Hybrid Nanostructured PEEK Implant with Enhanced Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Synergy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:38989-39004. [PMID: 39034661 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Implant-associated infections and excessive immune responses are two major postsurgical issues for successful implantation. However, conventional strategies including antibiotic treatment and inflammatory regulation are always compromised due to the comodification of various biochemical agents and instances of functional interference. It is imperative to provide implant surfaces with satisfactory antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, a dual-effect nanostructured polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surface (NP@PDA/Zn) with bionic mechano-bactericidal nanopillars and immobilized immunomodulatory Zn2+ is designed. The constructed hybrid nanopillars display remarkable antibacterial performance against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains through the synergy of physical and chemical bactericidal effects imposed by nanopillars and Zn2+. Meanwhile, the immunoregulatory property is evaluated through the investigation of macrophage polarization both in vitro and in vivo, and the results reveal that NP@PDA/Zn could downregulate the expression of M1-related cytokines and decrease the M1 macrophage recruitment to lower the inflammatory response. Notably, the surface exhibited exceptional biocompatibility with discerning biocidal activity between bacterial and mammalian cells and antioxidant performance that effectively scavenges ROS, minimizing potential cytotoxicity. Taken together, NP@PDA/Zn presents a convenient and promising strategy of combining synergistic bactericidal activity and inflammatory regulation without any mutual interference, which can support the development of multifunctional implant-associated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yunhao You
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012 China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zequan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Chenyang Qin
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Lingwan Hao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Rujian Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
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27
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Hou Z, Ren X, Sun Z, An R, Huang M, Gao C, Yin M, Liu G, He D, Du H, Tang R. Trash into Treasure: Nano-coating of Catheter Utilizes Urine to Deprive H 2S Against Persister and Rip Biofilm Matrix. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401067. [PMID: 39030869 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria-derived hydrogen sulfide (H2S) often contributes to the emergence of antibiotic-recalcitrant bacteria, especially persister (a sub-population of dormant bacteria), thus causing the treatment failure of Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Here, an H2S harvester nanosystem to prevent the generation of persister bacteria and disrupt the dense biofilm matrix by the self-adaptive ability of shape-morphing is prepared. The nanosystem possesses a core-shell structure that is composed of liquid metal nanoparticle (LM NP), AgNPs, and immobilized urease. The nanosystem decomposes urea contained in urine to generate ammonia for eliminating bacteria-derived H2S. Depending on the oxidative layer of liquid metal, the nanosystem also constitutes a long-lasting reservoir for temporarily storing bacteria-derived H2S, when urease transiently overloads or in the absence of urine in a catheter. Depriving H2S can prevent the emergence of persistent bacteria, enhancing the bacteria-killing efficiency of Ga3+ and Ag+ ions. Even when the biofilm has formed, the urine flow provides heat to trigger shape morphing of the LM NP, tearing the biofilm matrix. Collectively, this strategy can turn trash (urea) into treasure (H2S scavengers and biofilm rippers), and provides a new direction for the antibacterial materials application in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Hou
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Ren
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Sun
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ruoqi An
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhi Huang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Cen Gao
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Mengying Yin
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Dengqi He
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Du
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Rongbing Tang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
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28
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Niu H, Gu J, Zhang Y. Bacterial persisters: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic development. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:174. [PMID: 39013893 PMCID: PMC11252167 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Persisters refer to genetically drug susceptible quiescent (non-growing or slow growing) bacteria that survive in stress environments such as antibiotic exposure, acidic and starvation conditions. These cells can regrow after stress removal and remain susceptible to the same stress. Persisters are underlying the problems of treating chronic and persistent infections and relapse infections after treatment, drug resistance development, and biofilm infections, and pose significant challenges for effective treatments. Understanding the characteristics and the exact mechanisms of persister formation, especially the key molecules that affect the formation and survival of the persisters is critical to more effective treatment of chronic and persistent infections. Currently, genes related to persister formation and survival are being discovered and confirmed, but the mechanisms by which bacteria form persisters are very complex, and there are still many unanswered questions. This article comprehensively summarizes the historical background of bacterial persisters, details their complex characteristics and their relationship with antibiotic tolerant and resistant bacteria, systematically elucidates the interplay between various bacterial biological processes and the formation of persister cells, as well as consolidates the diverse anti-persister compounds and treatments. We hope to provide theoretical background for in-depth research on mechanisms of persisters and suggest new ideas for choosing strategies for more effective treatment of persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Niu
- School of Basic Medical Science and Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaying Gu
- School of Basic Medical Science and Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China.
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29
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Zhou J, Zhang L, Wei Y, Wu Q, Mao K, Wang X, Cai J, Li X, Jiang Y. Photothermal Iron-Based Riboflavin Microneedles for the Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis via Ion Therapy and Immunomodulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304448. [PMID: 39012057 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm formation protects bacteria from antibiotics and the immune system, excessive inflammation further complicates treatment. Here, iron-based metal-organic framework (MIL-101)-loaded riboflavin nanoparticles are designed for the therapeutic challenge of biofilm infection and hyperinflammation in bacterial keratitis. Specifically, MIL-101 produces a thermal effect under exogenous near-infrared light irradiation, which synergizes with ferroptosis-like bacterial death induced by iron ions to exert an effective biofilm infection eradication effect. On the other hand, the disintegration of MIL-101 sustains the release of riboflavin, which inhibits the pro-inflammatory response of macrophage over-activation by modulating their phenotypic switch. In addition, to solve the problems of short residence time, poor permeability, and low bioavailability of corneal medication, the MR@MN microneedle patch is further prepared by loading nanoparticles into SilMA hydrogel, which ultimately achieves painless, transepithelial, and highly efficient drug delivery. In vivo and ex vivo experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in eliminating bacterial infection and promoting corneal healing. Therefore, the MRMN patch, acting as an ocular drug delivery system with the ability of rapid corneal healing, promises a cost-effective solution for the treatment of bacterial keratitis, which may also lead to a new approach for treating bacterial keratitis in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Lisha Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yaqi Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Kaibo Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yongxiang Jiang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
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Jiang B, Zhang Y, Li G, Quan Y, Shu J, Feng H, He Y. Research Progress on Immune Evasion of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1439. [PMID: 39065207 PMCID: PMC11279058 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As the main pathogen associated with enzootic pneumonia (EP), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) is globally prevalent and inflicts huge financial losses on the worldwide swine industry each year. However, the pathogenicity of Mhp has not been fully explained to date. Mhp invasion usually leads to long-term chronic infection and persistent lung colonization, suggesting that Mhp has developed effective immune evasion strategies. In this review, we offer more detailed information than was previously available about its immune evasion mechanisms through a systematic summary of the extant findings. Genetic mutation and post-translational protein processing confer Mhp the ability to alter its surface antigens. With the help of adhesins, Mhp can achieve cell invasion. And Mhp can modulate the host immune system through the induction of inflammation, incomplete autophagy, apoptosis, and the suppression of immune cell or immune effector activity. Furthermore, we offer the latest views on how we may treat Mhp infections and develop novel vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yulong He
- Department of Biopharmacy, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (B.J.); (Y.Z.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.); (J.S.); (H.F.)
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Prentice JA, Kasivisweswaran S, van de Weerd R, Bridges AA. Biofilm dispersal patterns revealed using far-red fluorogenic probes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.15.603607. [PMID: 39071379 PMCID: PMC11275749 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.15.603607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria frequently colonize niches by forming multicellular communities called biofilms. To explore new territories, cells exit biofilms through an active process called dispersal. Biofilm dispersal is essential for bacteria to spread between infection sites, yet how the process is executed at the single-cell level remains mysterious. Here, we characterize dispersal at unprecedented resolution for the global pathogen Vibrio cholerae. To do so, we first developed a far-red cell-labeling strategy that overcomes pitfalls of fluorescent protein-based approaches. We reveal that dispersal initiates at the biofilm periphery and ~25% of cells never disperse. We define novel micro-scale patterns that occur during dispersal, including biofilm compression and the formation of dynamic channels. These patterns are attenuated in mutants that reduce overall dispersal or that increase dispersal at the cost of homogenizing local mechanical properties. Collectively, our findings provide fundamental insights into the mechanisms of biofilm dispersal, advancing our understanding of how pathogens disseminate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jojo A. Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | | | - Robert van de Weerd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA
- Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Andrew A. Bridges
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA
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An Y, Guo X, Yan T, Jia Y, Jiao R, Cai X, Deng B, Bao G, Li Y, Yang W, Wang R, Sun W, Xie J. Enhancing the stability and therapeutic potential of the antimicrobial peptide Feleucin-K3 against Multidrug-Resistant a. Baumannii through rational utilization of a D-amino acid substitution strategy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116269. [PMID: 38723723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which have a low probability of developing resistance, are considered the most promising antimicrobial agents for combating antibiotic resistance. Feleucin-K3 is an amphiphilic cationic AMP that exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In our previous research, the first phenylalanine residue was identified as the critical position affecting its biological activity. Here, a series of Feleucin-K3 analogs containing hydrophobic D-amino acids were developed, leveraging the low sensitivity of proteases to unnatural amino acids and the regulatory effect of hydrophobicity on antimicrobial activity. Among them, K-1dF, which replaced the phenylalanine of Feleucin-K3 with its enantiomer (D-phenylalanine), exhibited potent antimicrobial activity with a therapeutic index of 46.97 and MICs between 4 to 8 μg/ml against both sensitive and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The introduction of D-phenylalanine increased the salt tolerance and serum stability of Feleucin-K3. Moreover, K-1dF displayed a rapid bactericidal effect, a low propensity to develop resistance, and a synergistic effect when combined with antibiotics. More importantly, it exhibited considerable or superior efficacy to imipenem against pneumonia and skin abscess infection. In brief, the K-1dF obtained by simple and effective modification strategy has emerged as a promising candidate antimicrobial agent for tackling multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying An
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaomin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tiantian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ruoyan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bochuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guangjun Bao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenle Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Wangsheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Junqiu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Babeer A, Bukhari S, Alrehaili R, Karabucak B, Koo H. Microrobotics in endodontics: A perspective. Int Endod J 2024; 57:861-871. [PMID: 38761098 PMCID: PMC11324335 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms are the primary aetiological factor of apical periodontitis. The goal of endodontic treatment is to prevent and eliminate the infection by removing the microorganisms. However, microbial biofilms and the complex root canal anatomy impair the disinfection process. Effective and precise endodontic therapy could potentially be achieved using advanced multifunctional technologies that have the ability to access hard-to-reach surfaces and perform simultaneous biofilm killing, removal, and detection of microorganisms. Advances in microrobotics are providing novel therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities with high precision and efficacy to address current biofilm-related challenges in biomedicine. Concurrently, multifunctional magnetic microrobots have been developed to overcome the disinfection challenges of current approaches to disrupt, kill, and retrieve biofilms with the goal of enhancing the efficacy and precision of endodontic therapy. This article reviews the recent advances of microrobotics in healthcare and particularly advances to overcome disinfection challenges in endodontics, and provides perspectives for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Babeer
- Department of Oral Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Bukhari
- Department of Endodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rayan Alrehaili
- Department of Endodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bekir Karabucak
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Department of Orthodontics, Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community of Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Liu X, Xiong Y, Peng R, Zhang Y, Cai S, Deng Q, Yu Z, Wen Z, Chen Z, Hou T. Antibacterial activity and mechanisms of D-3263 against Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:224. [PMID: 38926818 PMCID: PMC11201875 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections necessitate novel antibiotic development. D-3263, a transient receptor potential melastatin member 8 (TRPM8) agonist, has potential antineoplastic properties. Here, we reported the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of D-3263. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium were ≤ 50 µM. D-3263 exhibited bactericidal effects against clinical methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and E. faecalis strains at 4× MIC. Subinhibitory D-3263 concentrations effectively inhibited S. aureus and E. faecalis biofilms, with higher concentrations also clearing mature biofilms. Proteomic analysis revealed differential expression of 29 proteins under 1/2 × MIC D-3263, influencing amino acid biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, D-3263 enhanced membrane permeability of S. aureus and E. faecalis. Bacterial membrane phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL) dose-dependently increased D-3263 MICs. Overall, our data suggested that D-3263 exhibited potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against S. aureus by targeting the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Yanpeng Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Renhai Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Shuyu Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen key Laboratory of Endogenous infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Qiwen Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen key Laboratory of Endogenous infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Zhijian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen key Laboratory of Endogenous infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Zewen Wen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen key Laboratory of Endogenous infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen key Laboratory of Endogenous infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
| | - Tieying Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen key Laboratory of Endogenous infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, No 89, Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
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Qiu Z, Yuan K, Cao H, Chen S, Chen F, Mo F, Guo G, Peng J. Cross-talk of MLST and transcriptome unveiling antibiotic resistance mechanism of carbapenem resistance Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains isolated in Guiyang, China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1394775. [PMID: 38946905 PMCID: PMC11211267 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1394775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is an important opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infection in the clinic. The occurrence rate of antibiotic resistance is increasing year by year, resulting in a highly serious situation of bacterial resistance. Methods To better understand the local epidemiology of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii, an investigation was conducted on the antibiotic resistance of different types of A. baumannii and its relationship with the genes of A. baumannii. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism underlying antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii was investigated through transcriptome analysis. Results These results showed that a total of 9 STs were detected. It was found that 99% of the strains isolated in the hospital belonged to the same STs, and the clone complex CC208 was widely distributed in various departments and all kinds of samples. Furthermore, these A. baumannii strains showed high resistance to ertapenem, biapenem, meropenem, and imipenem, among which the resistance to ertapenem was the strongest. The detection rate of bla OXA-51 gene in these carbapenem resistance A. baumannii (CRAB) reached 100%; Additionally, the transcriptome results showed that the resistance genes were up-regulated in resistance strains, and these genes involved in biofilm formation, efflux pumps, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and chaperonin synthesis. Discussion These results suggest that the CC208 STs were the main clonal complex, and showed high carbapenem antibiotic resistance. All these resistant strains were distributed in various departments, but most of them were distributed in intensive care units (ICU). The bla OXA-23 was the main antibiotic resistance genotype; In summary, the epidemic trend of clinical A. baumannii in Guiyang, China was analyzed from the molecular level, and the resistance mechanism of A. baumannii to carbapenem antibiotics was analyzed with transcriptome, which provided a theoretical basis for better control of A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilang Qiu
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kexin Yuan
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huijun Cao
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Sufang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fei Mo
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guo Guo
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Azad MA, Patel R. Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Microbiologic diagnosis of implant-associated infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0010423. [PMID: 38506553 PMCID: PMC11237642 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00104-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYImplant-associated infections (IAIs) pose serious threats to patients and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These infections may be difficult to diagnose due, in part, to biofilm formation on device surfaces, and because even when microbes are found, their clinical significance may be unclear. Despite recent advances in laboratory testing, IAIs remain a diagnostic challenge. From a therapeutic standpoint, many IAIs currently require device removal and prolonged courses of antimicrobial therapy to effect a cure. Therefore, making an accurate diagnosis, defining both the presence of infection and the involved microorganisms, is paramount. The sensitivity of standard microbial culture for IAI diagnosis varies depending on the type of IAI, the specimen analyzed, and the culture technique(s) used. Although IAI-specific culture-based diagnostics have been described, the challenge of culture-negative IAIs remains. Given this, molecular assays, including both nucleic acid amplification tests and next-generation sequencing-based assays, have been used. In this review, an overview of these challenging infections is presented, as well as an approach to their diagnosis from a microbiologic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Ann Azad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Li J, Tian Y, Qin Q, Ding Z, Zhao X, Tan W. Near-Infrared Light-Triggered NO Nanogenerator for Gas-Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy and Low-Temperature Photothermal Therapy to Eliminate Biofilms. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5763-5780. [PMID: 38882537 PMCID: PMC11180465 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s454762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Owing to its noninvasive nature, broad-spectrum effectiveness, minimal bacterial resistance, and high efficiency, phototherapy has significant potential for antibiotic-free antibacterial interventions and combating antibacterial biofilms. However, finding effective strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects of excessive temperature and elevated concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) remains a pressing issue that requires immediate attention. Methods In this study, we designed a pH-responsive cationic polymer sodium nitroside dihydrate/branched polyethylenimine-indocyanine green@polyethylene glycol (SNP/PEI-ICG@PEG) nanoplatform using the electrostatic adsorption method and Schiff's base reaction. Relevant testing techniques were applied to characterize and analyze SNP/PEI-ICG@PEG, proving the successful synthesis of the nanomaterials. In vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of SNP/PEI-ICG@PEG. Results The morphology and particle size of SNP/PEI-ICG@PEG were observed via TEM. The zeta potential and UV-visible (UV-vis) results indicated the synthesis of the nanomaterials. The negligible cytotoxicity of up to 1 mg/mL of SNP/PEI-ICG@PEG in the presence or absence of light demonstrated its biosafety. Systematic in vivo and in vitro antimicrobial assays confirmed that SNP/PEI-ICG@PEG had good water solubility and biosafety and could be activated by near-infrared (NIR) light and synergistically treated using four therapeutic modes, photodynamic therapy (PDT), gaseous therapy (GT), mild photothermal therapy (PTT, 46 °C), and cation. Ultimately, the development of Gram-positive (G+) Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (G-) Escherichia coli (E. coli) were both completely killed in the free state, and the biofilm that had formed was eliminated. Conclusion SNP/PEI-ICG@PEG demonstrated remarkable efficacy in achieving controlled multimodal synergistic antibacterial activity and biofilm infection treatment. The nanoplatform thus holds promise for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University/Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Tian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Qin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolei Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University/Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University/Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University/Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261000, People's Republic of China
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Puri D, Allison KR. Escherichia coli self-organizes developmental rosettes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315850121. [PMID: 38814871 PMCID: PMC11161754 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315850121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Rosettes are self-organizing, circular multicellular communities that initiate developmental processes, like organogenesis and embryogenesis, in complex organisms. Their formation results from the active repositioning of adhered sister cells and is thought to distinguish multicellular organisms from unicellular ones. Though common in eukaryotes, this multicellular behavior has not been reported in bacteria. In this study, we found that Escherichia coli forms rosettes by active sister-cell repositioning. After division, sister cells "fold" to actively align at the 2- and 4-cell stages of clonal division, thereby producing rosettes with characteristic quatrefoil configuration. Analysis revealed that folding follows an angular random walk, composed of ~1 µm strokes and directional randomization. We further showed that this motion was produced by the flagellum, the extracellular tail whose rotation generates swimming motility. Rosette formation was found to require de novo flagella synthesis suggesting it must balance the opposing forces of Ag43 adhesion and flagellar propulsion. We went on to show that proper rosette formation was required for subsequent morphogenesis of multicellular chains, rpoS gene expression, and formation of hydrostatic clonal-chain biofilms. Moreover, we found self-folding rosette-like communities in the standard motility assay, indicating that this behavior may be a general response to hydrostatic environments in E. coli. These findings establish self-organization of clonal rosettes by a prokaryote and have implications for evolutionary biology, synthetic biology, and medical microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Puri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Kyle R. Allison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30322
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
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Li J, Lu T, Chu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Fu W, Sun J, Liu Y, Liao X, Zhou Y. Cinnamaldehyde targets SarA to enhance β-lactam antibiotic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MLIFE 2024; 3:291-306. [PMID: 38948140 PMCID: PMC11211666 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a current global public health problem due to its increasing resistance to the most recent antibiotic therapies. One critical approach is to develop ways to revitalize existing antibiotics. Here, we show that the phytogenic compound cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and β-lactam antibiotic combinations can functionally synergize and resensitize clinical MRSA isolates to β-lactam therapy and inhibit MRSA biofilm formation. Mechanistic studies indicated that the CIN potentiation effect on β-lactams was primarily the result of inhibition of the mecA expression by targeting the staphylococcal accessory regulator sarA. CIN alone or in combination with β-lactams decreased sarA gene expression and increased SarA protein phosphorylation that impaired SarA binding to the mecA promoter element and downregulated virulence genes such as those encoding biofilm, α-hemolysin, and adhesin. Perturbation of SarA-mecA binding thus interfered with PBP2a biosynthesis and this decreased MRSA resistance to β-lactams. Furthermore, CIN fully restored the anti-MRSA activities of β-lactam antibiotics in vivo in murine models of bacteremia and biofilm infections. Together, our results indicated that CIN acts as a β-lactam adjuvant and can be applied as an alternative therapy to combat multidrug-resistant MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tingyin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuefei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuejun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Yantai Fushan Center for Animal Disease Control and PreventionYantaiChina
| | - Wenzhen Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yahong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Ping Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety EvaluationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Pandey P, Vavilala SL. From Gene Editing to Biofilm Busting: CRISPR-CAS9 Against Antibiotic Resistance-A Review. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:549-560. [PMID: 38702575 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, the development of novel antimicrobials has significantly slowed due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), intensifying the global struggle against infectious diseases. Microbial populations worldwide rapidly develop resistance due to the widespread use of antibiotics, primarily targeting drug-resistant germs. A prominent manifestation of this resistance is the formation of biofilms, where bacteria create protective layers using signaling pathways such as quorum sensing. In response to this challenge, the CRISPR-Cas9 method has emerged as a ground-breaking strategy to counter biofilms. Initially identified as the "adaptive immune system" of bacteria, CRISPR-Cas9 has evolved into a state-of-the-art genetic engineering tool. Its exceptional precision in altering specific genes across diverse microorganisms positions it as a promising alternative for addressing antibiotic resistance by selectively modifying genes in diverse microorganisms. This comprehensive review concentrates on the historical background, discovery, developmental stages, and distinct components of CRISPR Cas9 technology. Emphasizing its role as a widely used genome engineering tool, the review explores how CRISPR Cas9 can significantly contribute to the targeted disruption of genes responsible for biofilm formation, highlighting its pivotal role in reshaping strategies to combat antibiotic resistance and mitigate the challenges posed by biofilm-associated infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Pandey
- School of Biological Sciences, UM DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Sirisha L Vavilala
- School of Biological Sciences, UM DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai, 400098, India.
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41
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Khosravi A, Chen Q, Echterhof A, Koff JL, Bollyky PL. Phage Therapy for Respiratory Infections: Opportunities and Challenges. Lung 2024; 202:223-232. [PMID: 38772946 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-024-00700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
We are entering the post-antibiotic era. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical problem in chronic lung infections resulting in progressive respiratory failure and increased mortality. In the absence of emerging novel antibiotics to counter AMR infections, bacteriophages (phages), viruses that infect bacteria, have become a promising option for chronic respiratory infections. However, while personalized phage therapy is associated with improved outcomes in individual cases, clinical trials demonstrating treatment efficacy are lacking, limiting the therapeutic potential of this approach for respiratory infections. In this review, we address the current state of phage therapy for managing chronic respiratory diseases. We then discuss how phage therapy may address major microbiologic obstacles which hinder disease resolution of chronic lung infections with current antibiotic-based treatment practices. Finally, we highlight the challenges that must be addressed for successful phage therapy clinical trials. Through this discussion, we hope to expand on the potential of phages as an adjuvant therapy in chronic lung infections, as well as the microbiologic challenges that need to be addressed for phage therapy to expand beyond personalized salvage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Khosravi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 279 Campus Drive, Beckman Center, Room B237, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Qingquan Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arne Echterhof
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan L Koff
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Liu X, Wang P, Yuan N, Zhai Y, Yang Y, Hao M, Zhang M, Zhou D, Liu W, Jin Y, Wang A. The (p)ppGpp synthetase Rsh promotes rifampicin tolerant persister cell formation in Brucella abortus by regulating the type II toxin-antitoxin module mbcTA. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1395504. [PMID: 38841069 PMCID: PMC11150624 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1395504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Persister cells are transiently tolerant to antibiotics and are associated with recalcitrant chronic infections due to recolonization of host cells after antibiotic removal. Brucella spp. are facultative pathogens that establish intracellular infection cycles in host cells which results in chronic persistent infections. Brucella abortus forms multi-drug persister cells which are promoted by the (p)ppGpp synthetase Rsh during rifampicin exposure. Here, we confirmed that Rsh promoted persister cells formation in B. abortus stationary phase treated with rifampicin and enrofloxacin. Deletion of the gene for Rsh decreased persister cells level in the presence of these drugs in different growth phases. However, persister cells formation by deletion strain varied in different growth phases in the presence of other antibiotics. Rsh also was involved in persister cells formation during rifampicin treatment under certain stress conditions, including acidic conditions, exposure to PBS, and heat stress. Moreover, Rsh impacted persister cell levels during rifampicin or enrofloxacin treatment in RAW264.7 macrophages. Certain typeIItoxin-antitoxin modules were upregulated under various stress conditions in B. abortus. We established that Rsh positively regulated the type II toxin-antitoxin mbcTA. Moreover, rifampicin-tolerant persister cells formation was elevated and ATP levels were decreased when mbcTA promoter was overexpressed in Rsh deletion background in stationary phase. Our results establish that (p)ppGpp synthetase Rsh plays a key role in B. abortus persistence and may serve as a potent novel target in combination with rifampicin in the development of new therapeutic approaches and prevention strategies to treat chronic infections of Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ningqiu Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yunyi Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuanhao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Mingyue Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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43
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Wang B, Du L, Dong B, Kou E, Wang L, Zhu Y. Current Knowledge and Perspectives of Phage Therapy for Combating Refractory Wound Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5465. [PMID: 38791502 PMCID: PMC11122179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound infection is one of the most important factors affecting wound healing, so its effective control is critical to promote the process of wound healing. However, with the increasing prevalence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains, the prevention and treatment of wound infections are now more challenging, imposing heavy medical and financial burdens on patients. Furthermore, the diminishing effectiveness of conventional antimicrobials and the declining research on new antibiotics necessitate the urgent exploration of alternative treatments for wound infections. Recently, phage therapy has been revitalized as a promising strategy to address the challenges posed by bacterial infections in the era of antibiotic resistance. The use of phage therapy in treating infectious diseases has demonstrated positive results. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms, characteristics, and delivery methods of phage therapy for combating pathogenic bacteria. Then, we focus on the clinical application of various phage therapies in managing refractory wound infections, such as diabetic foot infections, as well as traumatic, surgical, and burn wound infections. Additionally, an analysis of the potential obstacles and challenges of phage therapy in clinical practice is presented, along with corresponding strategies for addressing these issues. This review serves to enhance our understanding of phage therapy and provides innovative avenues for addressing refractory infections in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Baiping Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Erwen Kou
- Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Liangzhe Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Yuanjie Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
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44
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Xu R, McLoughlin G, Nicol M, Geddes D, Stinson L. Residents or Tourists: Is the Lactating Mammary Gland Colonized by Residential Microbiota? Microorganisms 2024; 12:1009. [PMID: 38792838 PMCID: PMC11123721 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The existence of the human milk microbiome has been widely recognized for almost two decades, with many studies examining its composition and relationship to maternal and infant health. However, the richness and viability of the human milk microbiota is surprisingly low. Given that the lactating mammary gland houses a warm and nutrient-rich environment and is in contact with the external environment, it may be expected that the lactating mammary gland would contain a high biomass microbiome. This discrepancy raises the question of whether the bacteria in milk come from true microbial colonization in the mammary gland ("residents") or are merely the result of constant influx from other bacterial sources ("tourists"). By drawing together data from animal, in vitro, and human studies, this review will examine the question of whether the lactating mammary gland is colonized by a residential microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruomei Xu
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia (D.G.)
| | - Grace McLoughlin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (G.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Mark Nicol
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (G.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Donna Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia (D.G.)
| | - Lisa Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia (D.G.)
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45
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Chen C, Li D, Shang Y, Lin Z, Wen Z, Li P, Yu Z, Chen Z, Liu X. Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Candesartan Cilexetil against Enterococcus faecalis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21510-21519. [PMID: 38764675 PMCID: PMC11097336 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis infections pose a significant clinical challenge due to their multidrug resistance and propensity for biofilm formation. Exploring alternative treatment options, such as repurposing existing drugs, is crucial in addressing this issue. This study investigates the antibacterial activity of candesartan cilexetil against E. faecalis and elucidates its mechanism of action. Candesartan cilexetil exhibited notable antibacterial activity against both E. faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≤25 μM. Time-kill curves demonstrated concentration-dependent bactericidal effects. Candesartan cilexetil could significantly inhibited biofilm formation at the concentration of 1/4× MIC and induced alterations in biofilm structure. Permeability assays revealed compromised bacterial membranes, accompanied by the dissipation of membrane potential in E. faecalis cells after treatment with candesartan cilexetil. Checkerboard analysis showed that bacterial membrane phospholipids phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin could neutralize the antibacterial activity of candesartan cilexetil in a dose-dependent manner. Biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay indicated specific interactions between candesartan cilexetil and phosphatidylglycerol or cardiolipin. This study demonstrates the promising antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of candesartan cilexetil against multidrug-resistant E. faecalis. The mechanism of action involves disruption of bacterial membranes, possibly by interacting with membrane phospholipids. These findings underscore the potential utility of candesartan cilexetil as an effective therapeutic agent for combating E. faecalis infections, offering a valuable strategy in the battle against antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zewen Wen
- Department of Infectious
Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infections, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union
Shenzhen Hospital, No. 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Peiyu Li
- Department of Infectious
Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infections, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union
Shenzhen Hospital, No. 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Zhijian Yu
- Department of Infectious
Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infections, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union
Shenzhen Hospital, No. 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Infectious
Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infections, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union
Shenzhen Hospital, No. 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Xiaoju Liu
- Department of Infectious
Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infections, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union
Shenzhen Hospital, No. 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518052, China
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Puca V, Marinacci B, Pinti M, Di Cintio F, Sinjari B, Di Marcantonio MC, Mincione G, Acharya TR, Kaushik NK, Choi EH, Sallese M, Guarnieri S, Grande R, Perrotti V. Antimicrobial efficacy of direct air gas soft jet plasma for the in vitro reduction of oral bacterial biofilms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10882. [PMID: 38740792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of an air gas soft jet CAP for its potential use in removing oral biofilms, given that plasma-based technologies have emerged as promising methods in periodontology. Two types of biofilms were developed, one by Streptococcus mutans UA 159 bacterial strain and the other by a complex mixture of saliva microorganisms isolated from a patient with periodontitis. This latter biofilm was characterized via Next Generation Sequencing to determine the main bacterial phyla. The CAP source was applied at a distance of 6 mm for different time points. A statistically significant reduction of both CFU count and XTT was already detected after 60 s of CAP treatment. CLSM analysis supported CAP effectiveness in killing the microorganisms inside the biofilm and in reducing the thickness of the biofilm matrix. Cytotoxicity tests demonstrated the possible use of CAP without important side effects towards human gingival fibroblasts cell line. The current study showed that CAP treatment was able to significantly reduce preformed biofilms developed by both S. mutans and microorganisms isolated by a saliva sample. Further studies should be conducted on biofilms developed by additional saliva donors to support the potential of this innovative strategy to counteract oral pathogens responsible for periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Puca
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Beatrice Marinacci
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Morena Pinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Federica Di Cintio
- Department of Oral, Medical and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Bruna Sinjari
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Di Marcantonio
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gabriella Mincione
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Tirtha Raj Acharya
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Michele Sallese
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossella Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
- UdA-TechLab, Research Center, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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Bouhrour N, Nibbering PH, Bendali F. Medical Device-Associated Biofilm Infections and Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens. Pathogens 2024; 13:393. [PMID: 38787246 PMCID: PMC11124157 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Medical devices such as venous catheters (VCs) and urinary catheters (UCs) are widely used in the hospital setting. However, the implantation of these devices is often accompanied by complications. About 60 to 70% of nosocomial infections (NIs) are linked to biofilms. The main complication is the ability of microorganisms to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms which protect them and help them to persist in the host. Indeed, by crossing the skin barrier, the insertion of VC inevitably allows skin flora or accidental environmental contaminants to access the underlying tissues and cause fatal complications like bloodstream infections (BSIs). In fact, 80,000 central venous catheters-BSIs (CVC-BSIs)-mainly occur in intensive care units (ICUs) with a death rate of 12 to 25%. Similarly, catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) are the most commonlyhospital-acquired infections (HAIs) worldwide.These infections represent up to 40% of NIs.In this review, we present a summary of biofilm formation steps. We provide an overview of two main and important infections in clinical settings linked to medical devices, namely the catheter-asociated bloodstream infections (CA-BSIs) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs), and highlight also the most multidrug resistant bacteria implicated in these infections. Furthermore, we draw attention toseveral useful prevention strategies, and advanced antimicrobial and antifouling approaches developed to reduce bacterial colonization on catheter surfaces and the incidence of the catheter-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Bouhrour
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
| | - Peter H. Nibbering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Farida Bendali
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
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Omran BA, Tseng BS, Baek KH. Nanocomposites against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: Recent advances, challenges, and future prospects. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127656. [PMID: 38432017 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that causes life-threatening and persistent infections in immunocompromised patients. It is the culprit behind a variety of hospital-acquired infections owing to its multiple tolerance mechanisms against antibiotics and disinfectants. Biofilms are sessile microbial aggregates that are formed as a result of the cooperation and competition between microbial cells encased in a self-produced matrix comprised of extracellular polymeric constituents that trigger surface adhesion and microbial aggregation. Bacteria in biofilms exhibit unique features that are quite different from planktonic bacteria, such as high resistance to antibacterial agents and host immunity. Biofilms of P. aeruginosa are difficult to eradicate due to intrinsic, acquired, and adaptive resistance mechanisms. Consequently, innovative approaches to combat biofilms are the focus of the current research. Nanocomposites, composed of two or more different types of nanoparticles, have diverse therapeutic applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties. They are emerging multifunctional nanoformulations that combine the desired features of the different elements to obtain the highest functionality. This review assesses the recent advances of nanocomposites, including metal-, metal oxide-, polymer-, carbon-, hydrogel/cryogel-, and metal organic framework-based nanocomposites for the eradication of P. aeruginosa biofilms. The characteristics and virulence mechanisms of P. aeruginosa biofilms, as well as their devastating impact and economic burden are discussed. Future research addressing the potential use of nanocomposites as innovative anti-biofilm agents is emphasized. Utilization of nanocomposites safely and effectively should be further strengthened to confirm the safety aspects of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma A Omran
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Processes Design & Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), PO 11727, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Boo Shan Tseng
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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49
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Zhao C, Wu Z, Pan B, Zhang R, Golestani A, Feng Z, Ge Y, Yang H. Functional biomacromolecules-based microneedle patch for the treatment of diabetic wound. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131650. [PMID: 38636756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are a common complication of diabetes. The prolonged exposure to high glucose and oxidative stress in the wound environment increases the risk of bacterial infection and abnormal angiogenesis, leading to amputation. Microneedle patches have shown promise in promoting the healing of diabetic wounds through transdermal drug delivery. These patches target the four main aspects of diabetic wound treatment: hypoglycemia, antibacterial action, inflammatory regulation, and tissue regeneration. By overcoming the limitations of traditional administration methods, microneedle patches enable targeted therapy for deteriorated tissues. The design of these patches extends beyond the selection of needle tip material and biomacromolecule encapsulated drugs; it can also incorporate near-infrared rays to facilitate cascade reactions and treat diabetic wounds. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the advantages of microneedle patches compared to traditional treatment methods. We focus on the design and mechanism of these patches based on existing experimental articles in the field and discuss the potential for future research on microneedle patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhao
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of China Medical University, The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Zhaoqi Wu
- Department of China Medical University, The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Boyue Pan
- Department of China Medical University, The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ruihan Zhang
- Department of China Medical University, The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Avin Golestani
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Ziyi Feng
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Yi Ge
- Department of China Medical University, The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Huazhe Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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50
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Chen J, Zhang H, Zhao T, Yu Y, Song J, Zhao Y, Alshawwa H, Zou X, Zhang Z. Oxygen Self-Supplied Nanoplatform for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy against Enterococcus Faecalis within Root Canals. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302926. [PMID: 38273674 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The successful treatment of persistent and recurrent endodontic infections hinges upon the eradication of residual microorganisms within the root canal system, which urgently needs novel drugs to deliver potent yet gentle antimicrobial effects. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising tool for root canal infection management. Nevertheless, the hypoxic microenvironment within the root canal system significantly limits the efficacy of this treatment. Herein, a nanohybrid drug, Ce6/CaO2/ZIF-8@polyethylenimine (PEI), is developed using a bottom-up strategy to self-supply oxygen for enhanced aPDT. PEI provides a positively charged surface, which enables precise targeting of bacteria. CaO2 reacts with H2O to generate O2, which alleviates the hypoxia in the root canal and serves as a substrate for Ce6 under 660 nm laser irradiation, leading to the successful eradication of planktonic Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and biofilm in vitro and, moreover, the effective elimination of mature E. faecalis biofilm in situ within the root canal system. This smart design offers a viable alternative for mitigating hypoxia within the root canal system to overcome the restricted efficacy of photosensitizers, providing an exciting prospect for the clinical management of persistent endodontic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Tiancong Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yiyan Yu
- Department of Endodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jiazhuo Song
- Department of Endodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhang Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Hamed Alshawwa
- Department of Endodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xinying Zou
- Department of Endodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
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