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Lankelma J, van Iperen DJ, van der Sluis PJ. Towards using high-performance liquid chromatography at home. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1639:461925. [PMID: 33556779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to make high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) more widely available at home and in small-scale settings, we have simplified two of its most costly modules, namely the pump and the detector. This should make the setup affordable for home or small laboratory use. A manual HPLC pump was constructed so as to fit into a caulk gun from a local hardware store enabling the generation of 100-150 bar of pressure. In order to limit the pressure drop during the running of a chromatogram, a pulse dampener was developed. We further modified the electrochemical detection (ECD) system so as to use a cheap boron-doped diamond electrode with an overlay of thin filter paper, causing an eluent flow over the electrode by wicking and gravity. Both the pump and the detector are at least ten times cheaper than conventional HPLC modules. Using a home-packed JupiterⓇ Proteo reversed phase capillary column we show how this low-cost HPLC system generates well resolving chromatograms after direct injection of fresh urine. The ECD did not lose its sensitivity during regular use over more than half a year. For homovanillic acid (HVA), which is of medical interest, we measured a linear dynamic range of two orders of magnitude, a detection limit of HVA in the injected sample of 3 μM and a coefficient of variation <10%. The contribution to peak broadening by the detector was much smaller than the contributions by the injector and by the column. After consumption of table olives containing hydroxytyrosol (HT), its metabolite HVA in the corresponding urine could be measured quantitatively. An approach to quantify HT in table olives is presented, as well. This method provides a new tool for investigating physiology of oneself or of dear ones at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lankelma
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University Amsterdam, O
- 2 Lab Building, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Foundation for Chromatography at home, Demonstrator Lab, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dirck J van Iperen
- Department of Fine mechanics and Engineering VU - Bèta, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J van der Sluis
- Foundation for Chromatography at home, Demonstrator Lab, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wilson RE, Groskreutz SR, Weber SG. Improving the Sensitivity, Resolution, and Peak Capacity of Gradient Elution in Capillary Liquid Chromatography with Large-Volume Injections by Using Temperature-Assisted On-Column Solute Focusing. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5112-21. [PMID: 27033165 PMCID: PMC4940048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Capillary HPLC (cLC) with gradient elution is the separation method of choice for the fields of proteomics and metabolomics. This is due to the complementary nature of cLC flow rates and electrospray or nanospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The small column diameters result in good mass sensitivity. Good concentration sensitivity is also possible by injection of relatively large volumes of solution and relying on solvent-based solute focusing. However, if the injection volume is too large or solutes are poorly retained during injection, volume overload occurs which leads to altered peak shapes, decreased sensitivity, and lower peak capacity. Solutes that elute early even with the use of a solvent gradient are especially vulnerable to this problem. In this paper, we describe a simple, automated instrumental method, temperature-assisted on-column solute focusing (TASF), that is capable of focusing large volume injections of small molecules and peptides under gradient conditions. By injecting a large sample volume while cooling a short segment of the column inlet at subambient temperatures, solutes are concentrated into narrow bands at the head of the column. Rapidly raising the temperature of this segment of the column leads to separations with less peak broadening in comparison to solvent focusing alone. For large volume injections of both mixtures of small molecules and a bovine serum albumin tryptic digest, TASF improved the peak shape and resolution in chromatograms. TASF showed the most dramatic improvements with shallow gradients, which is particularly useful for biological applications. Results demonstrate the ability of TASF with gradient elution to improve the sensitivity, resolution, and peak capacity of volume overloaded samples beyond gradient compression alone. Additionally, we have developed and validated a double extrapolation method for predicting retention factors at extremes of temperature and mobile phase composition. Using this method, the effects of TASF can be predicted, allowing determination of the usefulness of this technique for a particular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stephen R. Groskreutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stephen G. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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4
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Capillary liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometry detection for heterocyclic aromatic amine determination in ready-to-eat food treated with electron-beam irradiation. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6778-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gu B, Cortes H, Luong J, Pursch M, Eckerle P, Mustacich R. Low Thermal Mass Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2009; 81:1488-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802022z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binghe Gu
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, The Dow Chemical Company, Fort Saskatchewan, Canada, The Dow Chemical Company, Rheinmunster, Germany, and RVM Scientific, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Hernan Cortes
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, The Dow Chemical Company, Fort Saskatchewan, Canada, The Dow Chemical Company, Rheinmunster, Germany, and RVM Scientific, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Jim Luong
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, The Dow Chemical Company, Fort Saskatchewan, Canada, The Dow Chemical Company, Rheinmunster, Germany, and RVM Scientific, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Matthias Pursch
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, The Dow Chemical Company, Fort Saskatchewan, Canada, The Dow Chemical Company, Rheinmunster, Germany, and RVM Scientific, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Patric Eckerle
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, The Dow Chemical Company, Fort Saskatchewan, Canada, The Dow Chemical Company, Rheinmunster, Germany, and RVM Scientific, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Robert Mustacich
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, The Dow Chemical Company, Fort Saskatchewan, Canada, The Dow Chemical Company, Rheinmunster, Germany, and RVM Scientific, Santa Barbara, California
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Wiendahl M, Schulze Wierling P, Nielsen J, Fomsgaard Christensen D, Krarup J, Staby A, Hubbuch J. High Throughput Screening for the Design and Optimization of Chromatographic Processes – Miniaturization, Automation and Parallelization of Breakthrough and Elution Studies. Chem Eng Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200800167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Rosales-Conrado N, León-Gonzáles ME, Pérez-Arribas LV, Polo-Díez LM. Determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines by capillary high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection in ready-to-eat cooked ham treated with electron-beam irradiation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:1433-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Vadinská M, Bosáková Z, Tesařová E, Coufal P, Planeta J. LC with a Teicoplanin Aglycone Chiral Sorbent for the Separation of the Enantiomers of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: An Evaluation of Chiral Capillary Columns. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hazotte A, Libong D, Chaminade P. High-temperature micro liquid chromatography for lipid molecular species analysis with evaporative light scattering detection. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1140:131-9. [PMID: 17161844 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The need for a rapid and sensitive chromatographic technique for analyzing lipid molecular species, has led to the development of an high-temperature micro liquid chromatographic system (HTLC) coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector. The increased diffusion coefficients and reduced viscosity at higher temperatures allowed lipids to be analyzed rapidly with solvents differing from those classically used in lipids chemistry. Hypercarb, a reverse phase material, was used for its different properties including heat resistance in high temperature micro HPLC. We have investigated the temperature effect on kinetic performances in HTLC, established pure solvents eluent strength at high temperature and studied different classes of lipids with seven pure solvents. We found that it was possible to use alcohols solvents in the mobile phase to elute lipids without the use of chlorinated solvents. A quick and simple method was developed to analyze a complex lipid simple, ceramide type III and type IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Hazotte
- Groupe de Chimie Analytique de Paris-Sud, EA 4041, IFR 141, School of Pharmacy, Univ Paris-Sud, F-92296 Châtenay Malabry, France
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Prüss A, Kempter C, Gysler J, Maier-Rosenkranz J, Jira T. Peak shape improvement of basic analytes in capillary liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:291-4. [PMID: 15776933 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200401807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of bases is of special interest in pharmaceutical research because numerous active substances contain basic functional groups. Capillary and conventional size LC separations of drug substances spiked with potential impurities were compared. In the case of the nonpolar drug levonorgestrel equal separation efficiency was readily attained by both techniques. The peaks of basic substances, however, showed extensive tailing when separated by capillary LC. The peak deformation was attributable to interactions of the basic substances with the polar inner surface of the fused silica capillaries employed in capillary LC and does not appear with the steel tubing generally used in conventional size LC. This drawback of capillary LC was overcome by use of deactivated fused silica capillaries for column hardware and transfer lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Prüss
- Schering AG, Analytical Development 3, Müllerstr. 178, D-13342 Berlin, Germany
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