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Kataoka H. In-tube solid-phase microextraction: Current trends and future perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461787. [PMID: 33359971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) was developed about 24 years ago as an effective sample preparation technique using an open tubular capillary column as an extraction device. IT-SPME is useful for micro-concentration, automated sample cleanup, and rapid online analysis, and can be used to determine the analytes in complex matrices simple sample processing methods such as direct sample injection or filtration. IT-SPME is usually performed in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography using an online column switching technology, in which the entire process from sample preparation to separation to data analysis is automated using the autosampler. Furthermore, IT-SPME minimizes the use of harmful organic solvents and is simple and labor-saving, making it a sustainable and environmentally friendly green analytical technique. Various operating systems and new sorbent materials have been developed to improve its extraction efficiency by, for example, enhancing its sorption capacity and selectivity. In addition, IT-SPME methods have been widely applied in environmental analysis, food analysis and bioanalysis. This review describes the present state of IT-SPME technology and summarizes its current trends and future perspectives, including method development and strategies to improve extraction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kataoka
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.
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2
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Yati I, Karadag K, Bulbul Sonmez H. Design of a Cross-linked PTHF-Based Network as an Oil/Organic Solvent Sorbent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Yati
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Koksal Karadag
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Hayal Bulbul Sonmez
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
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Ruan X, Xing L, Peng J, Li S, Song Y, Sun Q. A simplified fabric phase sorptive extraction method for the determination of amphetamine drugs in water samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10854-10866. [PMID: 35492944 PMCID: PMC9050397 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10138a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) can directly extract the target analytes and simultaneously determine many similar substances from complicated sample matrices. Also, it has very high chemical stability. Therefore, we used fabric phase sorptive extraction to analyze three amphetamine drugs (amphetamine (AM), methamphetamine (MAM), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)) in water. This was coupled with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The effects of different sorbent chemistries such as sorption time, ratios of back-extraction solvents, back-extraction time, and the salt effect on the extraction efficiency were studied; the optimum operation conditions were determined. Medium polarity polar polymer-coated FPSE media were created using short-chain poly (tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF). This is the most efficient extraction media for the analytes of interest. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of the three amphetamine drugs were 0.1–150.0 (AM, MAM) and 0.5–200 ng mL−1 (MDMA). The correlation coefficients (γ) were 0.9947 (AM), 0.9925 (MAM), and 0.9918 (MDMA). The detection limits (LOD) were 0.025 ng mL−1 for AM, 0.029 ng mL−1 for MAM, and 0.01 ng mL−1 for MDMA. The corresponding limit of quantification values (LOQ) were 0.083 ng mL−1, 0.097 ng mL−1, and 0.031 ng mL−1, respectively. The recoveries were 73.4–91.6%, 82.6–95.4%, and 92.7–95.3%, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 1.65–6.88%, 1.38–6.11%, and 1.58–7.34%, respectively. Moreover, our method can be successfully applied for the analysis of amphetamines in wastewater samples, and at the same time, lays the foundation for the future detection of such substances. Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) can directly extract the target analytes and simultaneously determine many similar substances from complicated sample matrices.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Ruan
- Criminal Investigation Police University of China
- China
| | - Limei Xing
- Criminal Investigation Police University of China
- China
| | - Ju Peng
- Criminal Investigation Police University of China
- China
| | - Shiying Li
- Criminal Investigation Police University of China
- China
| | - Yiqun Song
- Criminal Investigation Police University of China
- China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Criminal Investigation Police University of China
- China
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Abstract
The theory and working principle of fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is presented. FPSE innovatively integrates the benefits of sol–gel coating technology and the rich surface chemistry of cellulose/polyester/fiberglass fabrics, resulting in a microextraction device with very high sorbent loading in the form of an ultra-thin coating. This porous sorbent coating and the permeable substrate synergistically facilitate fast extraction equilibrium. The flexibility of the FPSE device allows its direct insertion into original, unmodified samples of different origin. Strong chemical bonding between the sol–gel sorbent and the fabric substrate permits the exposure of FPSE devices to any organic solvent for analyte back-extraction/elution. As a representative sorbent, sol–gel poly(ethylene glycol) coating was generated on cellulose substrates. Five (cm2) segments of these coated fabrics were used as the FPSE devices for sample preparation using direct immersion mode. An important class of environmental pollutants—substituted phenols—was used as model compounds to evaluate the extraction performance of FPSE. The high primary contact surface area (PCSA) of the FPSE device and porous structure of the sol–gel coatings resulted in very high sample capacities and incredible extraction sensitivities in a relatively short period of time. Different extraction parameters were evaluated and optimized. The new extraction devices demonstrated part per trillion level detection limits for substitute phenols, a wide range of detection linearity, and good performance reproducibility.
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Silica- and germania-based dual-ligand sol-gel organic-inorganic hybrid sorbents combining superhydrophobicity and π-π interaction. The role of inorganic substrate in sol-gel capillary microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 964:96-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Heena, Kaur R, Rani S, Malik AK, Kabir A, Furton KG. Determination of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and palladium(II) Ions via fabric phase sorptive extraction in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detection. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2016.1232273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heena
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University (Patiala), Patiala, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University (Patiala), Patiala, India
| | - Susheela Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University (Patiala), Patiala, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University (Patiala), Patiala, India
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kenneth G. Furton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Fabric phase sorptive extraction for the fast isolation of sulfonamides residues from raw milk followed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Food Chem 2016; 196:428-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Lakade SS, Borrull F, Furton KG, Kabir A, Fontanals N, Marcé RM. Comparative study of different fabric phase sorptive extraction sorbents to determine emerging contaminants from environmental water using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 144:1342-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Doneanu CE, Anderson M, Williams BJ, Lauber MA, Chakraborty A, Chen W. Enhanced Detection of Low-Abundance Host Cell Protein Impurities in High-Purity Monoclonal Antibodies Down to 1 ppm Using Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10283-91. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catalin E. Doneanu
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple
Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Malcolm Anderson
- Waters Corporation, Stamford
Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, U.K
| | - Brad J. Williams
- Waters Corporation, 100 Cummings
Center, Suite 407N, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, United States
| | - Matthew A. Lauber
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple
Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Asish Chakraborty
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple
Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Weibin Chen
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple
Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
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Kumar R, Gaurav, Kabir A, Furton KG, Malik AK. Development of a fabric phase sorptive extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection method for the analysis of alkyl phenols in environmental samples. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3228-3238. [PMID: 26147186 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel analytical method has been developed and validated for the quantification of alkyl phenols in aqueous and soil samples. Fabric phase sorptive extraction, a new sorptive microextraction technique, has been employed for the preconcentration of some endocrine-disruptor alkylphenol molecules, namely, 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-sec-butylphenol, 4-tert-amylphenol, and 4-cumylphenol, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Various parameters influencing the fabric phase sorptive extraction performance, namely, extraction time, eluting solvent, elution time and pH of the sample matrix, were optimized. The chromatographic separation was carried out with a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water (60:40 v/v) at an isocratic flow rate of 1.0 mL/min using a reversed-phase C18 column at λmax 225 nm. The calibration curves of target analytes were prepared in the concentration range 5-500 ng/mL with good coefficient of determination values (R2 > 0.992). Extraction efficiency values were 74.0, 75.6, 78.0, and 78.3 for 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-sec-butylphenol, 4-tert-amylphenol, and 4-cumylphenol, respectively. The limits of detection range from 0.161 to 0.192 ng/mL. Subsequently, the new fabric phase sorptive extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection was successfully applied for the recovery of alkyl phenols from spiked ground water, river water, and treated water from a sewage treatment plant, and soil and sludge samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav
- Punjabi University College of Engineering & Management, Rampura Phul, Punjab, India
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kenneth G Furton
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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12
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Racamonde I, Rodil R, Quintana JB, Sieira BJ, Kabir A, Furton KG, Cela R. Fabric phase sorptive extraction: A new sorptive microextraction technique for the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from environmental water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 865:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Roldán-Pijuán M, Lucena R, Cárdenas S, Valcárcel M, Kabir A, Furton KG. Stir fabric phase sorptive extraction for the determination of triazine herbicides in environmental waters by liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1376:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Kumar R, Gaurav, Heena, Malik AK, Kabir A, Furton KG. Efficient analysis of selected estrogens using fabric phase sorptive extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1359:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Kabir A, Furton KG, Malik A. Innovations in sol-gel microextraction phases for solvent-free sample preparation in analytical chemistry. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Yu QW, Ma Q, Feng YQ. Temperature-response polymer coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 2011; 84:1019-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Chehaidi S, Foucaud S, Maître A, Goursat P. Synthesis of SiCNYO nanopowders by spray pyrolysis. POWDER TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2010.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Segro SS, Tran M, Kesani S, Alhendal A, Turner EB, Abdul Malik. Sol-gel microextraction phases for sample preconcentration in chromatographic analysis. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3075-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Newkome
- Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-4717, and Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234
| | - Carol Shreiner
- Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-4717, and Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234
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Chehaidi S, Foucaud S, Maître A, Goursat P, Bessada C, Rakhmatullin A, Champavier Y. Two synthesis routes of organometallic precursors for the elaboration of SiCNYO pre-alloyed nanopowders. Appl Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Segro SS, Malik A. Sol–gel coatings with covalently attached methyl, octyl, and octadecyl ligands for capillary microextraction. Effects of alkyl chain length and sol–gel precursor concentration on extraction behavior. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7677-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Kataoka H, Ishizaki A, Nonaka Y, Saito K. Developments and applications of capillary microextraction techniques: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 655:8-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Capillary microextraction (CME) and its application to trace elements analysis and their speciation. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 650:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Segro SS, Cabezas Y, Malik A. Ultra-high-stability, pH-resistant sol–gel titania poly(tetrahydrofuran) coating for capillary microextraction on-line coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4329-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Li T, Xu J, Wu JH, Feng YQ. Liquid-phase deposition of silica nanoparticles into a capillary for in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2989-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Solvent-resistant sol–gel polydimethyldiphenylsiloxane coating for on-line hyphenation of capillary microextraction with high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1205:26-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Segro SS, Malik A. Sol–gel methyl coating in capillary microextraction hyphenated on-line with high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1200:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zheng F, Hu B. Preparation of a high pH-resistant AAPTS-silica coating and its application to capillary microextraction (CME) of Cu, Zn, Ni, Hg and Cd from biological samples followed by on-line ICP-MS detection. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 605:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Fang L, Kulkarni S, Alhooshani K, Malik A. Germania-Based, Sol−Gel Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Coatings for Capillary Microextraction and Gas Chromatography. Anal Chem 2007; 79:9441-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ac071056f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE 205, Tampa, Florida 33620-5250
| | - Sameer Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE 205, Tampa, Florida 33620-5250
| | - Khalid Alhooshani
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE 205, Tampa, Florida 33620-5250
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE 205, Tampa, Florida 33620-5250
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da Silva RC, Zuin VG, Yariwake JH, Eberlin MN, Augusto F. Fiber introduction mass spectrometry: determination of pesticides in herbal infusions using a novel sol-gel PDMS/PVA fiber for solid-phase microextraction. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:1358-62. [PMID: 17902108 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
An application of the direct coupling of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with mass spectrometry (MS), a technique known as fiber introduction mass spectrometry (FIMS), is described to determine organochlorine (OCP) and organophosphorus (OPP) pesticides in herbal infusions of Passiflora L. A new fiber coated with a composite of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PDMS/PVA) was used. Sensitive, selective, simple and simultaneous quantification of several OCP and OPP was achieved by monitoring diagnostic fragment ions of m/z 266 (chlorothalonil), m/z 195 (alpha-endosulfan), m/z 278 (fenthion), m/z 263 (methyl parathion) and m/z 173 (malathion). Simple headspace SPME extraction (25 min) and fast FIMS detection (less than 40 s) of OCP and OPP from a highly complex herbal matrix provided good linearity with correlation coefficients of 0.991-0.999 for concentrations ranging from 10 to 140 ng ml(-1) of each compound. Good accuracy (80 to 110%), precision (0.6-14.9%) and low limits of detection (0.3-3.9 ng ml(-1)) were also obtained. Even after 400 desorption cycles inside the ionization source of the mass spectrometer, no visible degradation of the novel PDMS/PVA fiber was detected, confirming its suitability for FIMS. Fast (ca 20 s) pesticide desorption occurs for the PDMS/PVA fiber owing to the small thickness of the film and its reduced water sorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Cesar da Silva
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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da Silva RC, Zuin VG, Yariwake JH, Eberlin MN, Augusto F. Fiber introduction mass spectrometry: determination of pesticides in herbal infusions using a novel sol-gel PDMS/PVA fiber for solid-phase microextraction. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:825-9. [PMID: 17538979 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An application of the direct coupling of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with mass spectrometry (MS), a technique known as fiber introduction mass spectrometry (FIMS), is described to determine organochlorine (OCP) and organophosphorus (OPP) pesticides in herbal infusions of Passiflora L. A new fiber coated with a composite of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PDMS/PVA) was used. Sensitive, selective, simple and simultaneous quantification of several OCP and OPP was achieved by monitoring diagnostic fragment ions of m/z 266 (chlorothalonil), m/z 195 (alpha-endosulfan), m/z 278 (fenthion), m/z 263 (methyl parathion) and m/z 173 (malathion). Simple headspace SPME extraction (25 min) and fast FIMS detection (less than 40 s) of OCP and OPP from a highly complex herbal matrix provided good linearity with correlation coefficients of 0.991-0.999 for concentrations ranging from 10 to 140 ng ml(-1) of each compound. Good accuracy (80 to 110%), precision (0.6-14.9%) and low limits of detection (0.3-3.9 ng ml(-1)) were also obtained. Even after 400 desorption cycles inside the ionization source of the mass spectrometer, no visible degradation of the novel PDMS/PVA fiber was detected, confirming its suitability for FIMS. Fast (ca 20 s) pesticide desorption occurs for the PDMS/PVA fiber owing to the small thickness of the film and its reduced water sorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Cesar da Silva
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Wu Y, Hu B, Hu W, Jiang Z, Li B. A novel capillary microextraction on ordered mesoporous titania coating combined with electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of V, Cr and Cu in environmental and biological samples. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:467-75. [PMID: 17256811 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an ordered mesoporous titania film was introduced to coat a capillary by means of sol-gel technique. Sol-gel titania coating was developed for the preconcentration/separation of trace V, Cr and Cu by capillary microextraction (CME), and the adsorbed analytes were eluted for electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS) detection. By immobilizing sol-gel titania on the inner surface of a fused-silica microextraction capillary, the sol-gel titania coating was prepared easily. Its adsorption properties, stability and the factors affecting the adsorption behaviors of V, Cr and Cu were investigated in detail. At pH range of 7 to 9, the titania-coated capillary (50 cm x 0.25 mm) is selective towards V, Cr and Cu, and the target analytes could be desorbed quantitatively with 50 microl of 1.0 mol l(-1) HNO3 at the rate of 0.05 ml min(-1). With a consumption of 2 ml sample solution, an enrichment factor of 33.3, and a detection limit (3 s) of 1.1 pg ml(-1) (10.5 fg) for V; 3.3 pg ml(-1) (33.0 fg) for Cr and 6.3 pg ml(-1) (63.1 fg) for Cu respectively were obtained. The precisions Relative Standard Deviations (RSDs) for nine replicate measurements of 1 ng ml(-1) V, Cr and Cu were 3.4, 5.1 and 6.4%, respectively. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of V, Cr and Cu in human urine and lake water, and the recoveries for these elements were 89.2 approximately 105%. The developed method was also applied to the determination of the target elements in NIES No. 10-a (rice flour-unpolished) and NIES No. 9 (sargasso) certified reference materials, and the results found are in good agreement with the certified values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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Peeraprasompong P, Thavarungkul P, Kanatharana P. Capillary microextraction for simultaneous analysis of multi-residual semivolatile organic compounds in water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:174-81. [PMID: 17285160 DOI: 10.1039/b615344e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Capillary microextractor (CME) in combination with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was employed for the determination of trace priority hazardous substances in water. Three groups of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), i.e., chlorinated hydrocarbons, pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were simultaneously determined. SVOCs were extracted from 7 mL of water samples on a 100 cm commercial gas chromatographic column (0.32 mm id x film thickness 0.25 microm, HP-5 capillary column) and eluted with only 3 microL of acetonitrile. The extractant was analyzed by GC-MS in the selected ion monitoring mode. The method showed good linearity over the concentration range 10 ng L(-1) to 3.0 mg L(-1) with correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.99 and low limits of detection ranged from 10 ng L(-1) to 1.0 mg L(-1). High recovery (more than 80%) was obtained with relative standard deviation less than 10%. The method was successfully applied for trace level analyses of SVOCs in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pensiri Peeraprasompong
- Analytical and Environmental Chemistry/Trace Analysis Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Campillo N, Peñalver R, Hernández-Córdoba M. Evaluation of solid-phase microextraction conditions for the determination of chlorophenols in honey samples using gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1125:31-7. [PMID: 16769077 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Revised: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and solvent-free method for the determination of nine chlorophenol (CP) compounds in honey samples using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (GC-AED) is developed. The different factors affecting the efficiency of the extraction and derivatization steps were carefully optimized. The polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber was the most suitable for preconcentrating the analytes from the headspace of an aqueous solution containing the dissolved honey samples where the chlorophenols had been submitted to acetylation. When the matrix effect was evaluated for different samples, it was concluded that standard addition calibration was required for quantification purposes. Detection limits roughly ranged from 0.1 to 2.4 ng g(-1), depending on the compound and the honey sample analyzed, with a fiber time exposure of only 15 min at 75 degrees C. The optimized method was successfully applied to different samples, some of the studied chlorophenols being detected in some of the analyzed honeys at concentration levels 0.6-9.4 ng g(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
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Liu M, Liu Y, Zeng Z, Peng T. Preparation and characteristics of high pH-resistant sol–gel alumina-based hybrid organic–inorganic coating for solid-phase microextraction of polar compounds. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1108:149-57. [PMID: 16455093 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2005] [Revised: 12/30/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel alumina-based hybrid organic-inorganic sol-gel coating was first developed for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) from a highly reactive alkoxide precursor, aluminum sec-butoxide, and a sol-gel-active organic polymer hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (OH-TSO). The underlying mechanism was discussed and confirmed by IR spectra. The porous surface structure of the sol-gel coating was revealed by scanning electron microscopy. A detailed investigation was conducted to evaluate the remarked performance of the newly developed sol-gel alumina-OH-TSO hybrid materials. In stark contrast to the sol-gel silica-based coating, the alumina-based coating demonstrated excellent pH stability. In addition, good thermal resistance and coating preparation reproducibility are also its outstanding performance. As compared to silica-based hybrids material, the ligand exchange ability of alumina makes it structurally superior extraction sorbents for polar compounds, such as fatty acids, phenols, alcohols, aldehydes and amines. Practical applicability of the prepared alumina-OH-TSO fiber was demonstrated through the analysis of volatile alcohols and fatty acids in beer. The recoveries obtained ranged from 85.7 to 104% and the relative standard deviation values for all analytes were below 9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Quintana JB, Rodríguez I. Strategies for the microextraction of polar organic contaminants in water samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 384:1447-61. [PMID: 16496135 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper the most recent developments in the microextraction of polar analytes from aqueous environmental samples are critically reviewed. The particularities of different microextraction approaches, mainly solid-phase microextraction (SPME), stir-bar-sorptive extraction (SBSE), and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME), and their suitability for use in combination with chromatographic or electrically driven separation techniques for determination of polar species are discussed. The compatibility of microextraction techniques, especially SPME, with different derivatisation strategies enabling GC determination of polar analytes and improving their extractability is revised. In addition to the use of derivatisation reactions, the possibility of enhancing the yield of solid-phase microextraction methods for polar analytes by using new coatings and/or larger amounts of sorbent is also considered. Finally, attention is also focussed on describing the versatility of LPME in its different possible formats and its ability to improve selectivity in the extraction of polar analytes with acid-base properties by using separation membranes and buffer solutions, instead of organic solvents, as the acceptor solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Benito Quintana
- Department of Water Quality Control, Technical University of Berlin, Sekr KF 4, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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Li X, Zeng Z, Hu M, Mao M. High operationally stable sol-gel diglycidyloxycalix[4]arene fiber for solid-phase microextraction of propranolol in human urine. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:2489-500. [PMID: 16405179 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and accurate method for the determination of propranolol in human urine has been developed based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by GC-flame ionization detection (FID). The sol-gel 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-dihydroxy-26,28-diglycidyloxycalix[4]arene/hydroxy-terminated silicone oil (diglycidyloxy-C[4]/OH-TSO) fiber was prepared to accommodate to the harsh extraction conditions. It possesses excellent alkali-proof ability and retains its extraction characteristics intact even after treatment with highly alkaline (4 mol/L) NaOH solution. Direct chemical bonding of the coating to the fiber surface provides it with excellent solvent resistance and the introduction of calixarene enhances its thermal stability. The newly developed sol-gel calixarene coating was effectively used for the extraction of propranolol in human urine. No interference with the determination of propranolol was observed from the urine components. Standard curves were linear in the range 50-5000 microg/L for headspace-SPME (HS-SPME) and 25-25000 microg/L for direct-SPME (Dir-SPME) with correlation coefficients better than 0.9999. The detection limit was 0.275 microg/L for HS-SPME and 0.193 microg/L for Dir-SPME. The method was validated using standard addition methodology and recovery values were between 91.4 and 117% for both the sampling modes with the RSDs less than 6% at different concentration levels in the linear ranges. The results obtained by both the sampling modes were feasible, and no significant differences between them regarding accuracy, precision, and detection limits were seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Li X, Gong S, Zeng Z. Development of a Sol-Gel Procedure for Preparation of a Diglycidyloxycalix[4]arene Solid-Phase Microextraction Fiber with Enhanced Extraction Efficiency. Chromatographia 2005. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-005-0665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Liu M, Zeng Z, Lei Y, Li H. High extraction efficiency fiber coated with calix[4] open-chain crown ether for solid-phase microextraction of polar aromatic and aliphatic compounds. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:2306-18. [PMID: 16342796 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The calix[4] open-chain crown ether, 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-di(2-allyloxyethoxyl)-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene was synthesized and used for preparation of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers of enhanced extraction efficiency. The new SPME coating made from calix[4] open-chain crown ether and hydroxyl-terminated silicone oil was developed with the aid of vinyltriethoxylsilane as bridge using sol-gel method and cross-linking technology. The efficiency of the novel fiber in the extraction of polar aromatic and aliphatic compounds, such as phenols, alcohols, and volatile fatty acids, was also investigated. Due to the introduction of the polar open-chain crown ether in calix[4]arene molecules, the calix[4] open-chain crown ether fiber showed much better selectivity and sensitivity to these polar compounds in comparison with calix[4]arene fiber. It also had superior extraction efficiency when compared to commercial poly(dimethylsiloxane)-divinylbenzene and polyacrylate fibers. Parts per billion to parts per trillion level detection limits were achieved for most of the analytes through SPME in conjunction with GC and flame ionization detector. The linear ranges were two to four orders of magnitude, and the RSD values were below 7% for all analytes. The novel fiber was applied to determine volatile alcohols and fatty acids in wine samples. The volatile-free wine prepared in this work was used to assure similar chemical environment for analytes in both calibration solutions and in real wine samples, thus compensating for possible matrix interferences. The established internal standard method using 4-methyl-2-pentanol as internal standard showed satisfactory accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, China
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41
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Elimination of matrix effects for headspace solid-phase microextraction of important volatile compounds in red wine using a novel coating. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liu M, Zeng Z, Xiong B. Preparation of novel solid-phase microextraction fibers by sol–gel technology for headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic analysis of aroma compounds in beer. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1065:287-99. [PMID: 15782975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA) was first used as precursor as well as selective stationary phase to prepare the sol-gel-derived TMSPMA-hydroxyl-terminated silicone oil (TMSPMA-OH-TSO) solid-phase mircroextraction (SPME) fibers for the analysis of aroma compounds in beer. TMSPMA-OH-TSO was a medium polarity coating, and was found to be very effective in carrying out simultaneous extraction of both polar alcohols and fatty acids and nonpolar esters in beer. The extraction temperature, extraction time, and ionic strength of the sample matrix were modified to allow for maximium sorption of the analytes onto the fiber. Desorption temperature and time were optimized to avoid the carryover effects. To check the matrix effects, several different matrices, including distilled water, 4% ethanol/water (v/v) solution, a concentrated synthetic beer, a "volatile-free" beer and a real beer were investigated. Matrix effects were compensated for by using 4-methyl-2-pentanol as internal standard and selecting the "volatile-free" beer as working standard. The method proposed in this study showed satisfactory linearity, precision and detection limits and accuracy. The established headspace SPME-gas chromatography (GC) method was then used for determination of volatile compounds in four beer varieties. The recoveries obtained ranged from 92.8 to 105.8%. The relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 5) for all analytes were below 10%. The major aroma contributing substances of each variety were identified via aroma indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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