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Vitale GA, Geibel C, Minda V, Wang M, Aron AT, Petras D. Connecting metabolome and phenotype: recent advances in functional metabolomics tools for the identification of bioactive natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:885-904. [PMID: 38351834 PMCID: PMC11186733 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00050h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 1995 to 2023Advances in bioanalytical methods, particularly mass spectrometry, have provided valuable molecular insights into the mechanisms of life. Non-targeted metabolomics aims to detect and (relatively) quantify all observable small molecules present in a biological system. By comparing small molecule abundances between different conditions or timepoints in a biological system, researchers can generate new hypotheses and begin to understand causes of observed phenotypes. Functional metabolomics aims to investigate the functional roles of metabolites at the scale of the metabolome. However, most functional metabolomics studies rely on indirect measurements and correlation analyses, which leads to ambiguity in the precise definition of functional metabolomics. In contrast, the field of natural products has a history of identifying the structures and bioactivities of primary and specialized metabolites. Here, we propose to expand and reframe functional metabolomics by integrating concepts from the fields of natural products and chemical biology. We highlight emerging functional metabolomics approaches that shift the focus from correlation to physical interactions, and we discuss how this allows researchers to uncover causal relationships between molecules and phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Andrea Vitale
- CMFI Cluster of Excellence, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Geibel
- CMFI Cluster of Excellence, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Vidit Minda
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, USA.
| | - Mingxun Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Riverside, Riverside, USA.
| | - Allegra T Aron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, USA.
| | - Daniel Petras
- CMFI Cluster of Excellence, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, USA.
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2
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Ji Y, Morel Y, Tran AQ, Lipinski MM, Sarkar C, Jones JW. Development and evaluation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous measurement of toxic aldehydes from brain tissue. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1242:124208. [PMID: 38880056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Reactive aldehydes are a class of electrophilic low molecular weight compounds that play an essential role in physiological function and lipid peroxidation. These molecules are implicated in many diseases, especially cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and are potential endogenous markers of lipid peroxidation. However, there are limited options to accurately quantify multiple reactive aldehydes in brain tissue. This study developed and validated a 3-nitrophenylhydrazine derivatization-based LC-MS/MS method to quantify four reactive aldehydes: malondialdehyde, acrolein, 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Method development involved comparing the sensitivity of detection between widely used derivatization reagents: 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and 3-nitrophenylhydrazine. Our data showed that 3-nitrophenylhydrazine resulted in greater sensitivity. Additional method development included evaluation of hydrolysis sample pretreatment, selection of protein precipitation reagent, and optimization of derivatization conditions. The optimized conditions included no hydrolysis and use of 20 % trichloroacetic acid as the protein precipitation reagent. The optimized derivatization condition was 25 mM 3-nitrophenylhydrazine reacted at 20 °C for 30 min. The chromatographic conditions were optimized to reduce matrix effects, ion suppression, and efficient analysis time (<7-minute analytical run). The four aldehyde species were accurately quantified in brain tissue using stable-labeled internal standards. Application of this assay to a traumatic brain injury mouse model revealed significant accumulation of acrolein, 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal at 28 days post injury. Overall, a validated method was developed to rapidly quantify the most prominent reactive aldehydes associated with lipid peroxidation during injury progression following acute brain trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yulemni Morel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Anh Q Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Marta M Lipinski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Chinmoy Sarkar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Sussman RA, Sipala F, Emma R, Ronsisvalle S. Aerosol Emissions from Heated Tobacco Products: A Review Focusing on Carbonyls, Analytical Methods, and Experimental Quality. TOXICS 2023; 11:947. [PMID: 38133348 PMCID: PMC10747376 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We provide an extensive review of 17 independent and industry-funded studies targeting carbonyls in aerosol emissions of Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs), focusing on quality criteria based on the reproducibility of experiments, appropriate analytic methods, and puffing regimes. Most revised studies complied with these requirements, but some were unreproducible, while others failed to consider analytical variables that may have affected the results and/or produced unrealistic comparisons. We also provide a review of the literature on the physicochemical properties of heated tobacco and HTP aerosols, as well as the evaluation of HTPs by regulatory agencies, addressing various critiques of their relative safety profile. The outcomes from the revised studies and regulatory evaluations tend to agree with and converge to a general consensus that HTP aerosols expose users to significantly lower levels of toxicity than tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto A. Sussman
- Institute of Physical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Federica Sipala
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Emma
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Simone Ronsisvalle
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), 95123 Catania, Italy
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4
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Atapattu SN, Rosenfeld JM. Analytical derivatizations in environmental analysis. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1678:463348. [PMID: 35901668 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Analytical derivatization is a technique that alters the structure of an analyte and produces a product more suitable for analysis. While this process can be time-consuming and add reagents to the procedure, it can also facilitate the isolation of the analyte(s), enhance analytes' stability, improve separation and sensitivity, and reduce matrix interferences. Since derivatization is a functional group analysis, it improves selectivity by separating reactive from neutral compounds during sample preparation. This technique introduces detector-orientated tags into analytes that lack suitable physicochemical properties for detection at low concentrations. Notably, many regulatory bodies, especially those in the environmental field, require these characteristics in analytical methods. This review focuses on note-worthy analytical derivatization methods employed in environmental analyses with functional groups, phenol, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, ketone, and thiol in aqueous, soil, and atmospheric sample matrices. Both advantages and disadvantages of analytical derivatization techniques are discussed. In addition, we discuss the future directions of analytical derivatization methods in environmental analysis and the potential challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Troudt BK, Vue JW, Bühlmann P. Comparison of the kinetics of aldehyde sensing by covalent bond formation with hydrazines and hydroxylamines. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dogra R, Kumar M, Kumar A, Roverso M, Bogialli S, Pastore P, Mandal UK. Derivatization, an Applicable Asset for Conventional HPLC Systems without MS Detection in Food and Miscellaneous Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1807-1827. [PMID: 35201944 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2042671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the most valuable practices for analyzing not-so-analytical-friendly analytes in complex, heterogenous matrices is derivatization. Availability of numerous derivatizing reagents (DRs) makes the modification of analyte more exploitable in terms of an analytical perspective. A wide array of derivatization techniques like pre or post-column, in-situ, enzymatic, ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, photochemical derivatization has added much-needed methodological strength in analyzing intricate analytical matrices (food, water, and soil). In recent years, analytical chemistry has achieved greater heights through the development of new sensitive methods with simple conventional instruments like High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) devoid of Mass detectors. The prompt availability of these straightforward instruments also makes it a favorable option for routine analysis in food, environmental, bioanalytical chemistry. Analyzing food, environmental or bioanalytical specimen has some of the most problematic aspects, like the low concentration of the analytes accompanied by not too suitable analytical properties. Even though conventional HPLC lacks the required sensitivity but merger with derivatization can lead to a remarkable increase in sensitivity. In recent years there has been a lot of application of diverse derivatizations to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of the analyte for available instruments, resulting in notable findings. Therefore, this review describes the application of derivatization principles in the analysis of analytes in food and additional matrices using conventional HPLC instruments such as HPLC-UV, HPLC-DAD, and HPLC-FD. In this article, we will briefly review the different modes and multiple types of derivatizing reagents with their mechanisms and importance for encouraging the use of established HPLC instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Dogra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Marco Roverso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Uttam Kumar Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
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Schieweck A, Uhde E, Salthammer T. Determination of acrolein in ambient air and in the atmosphere of environmental test chambers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1729-1746. [PMID: 34591059 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein (2-propenal) is a reactive substance undergoing multiple reaction pathways and an airborne pollutant with known corrosive, toxic and hazardous effects to the environment and to human health. So far, investigating the occurrence of acrolein in indoor air has been challenging due to analytical limitations. The classic DNPH-method has proven to be error-prone, even though it is still recommended in specific testing protocols. Thus, different approaches for an accurate determination of ambient acrolein have been introduced. In this work, an overview of already published data regarding emission sources and air concentrations is provided. In addition, a new method for the quantitative determination of acrolein in environmental test chambers and in indoor air is presented. Analysis is carried out using thermal desorption and coupled gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) after sampling on the graphitized carbon black (GCB) Carbograph™ 5TD. All analytical steps have been carefully validated and compared with derivatization techniques (DNPH and DNSH) as well as online detection using PTR-QMS. The sampling time is short due to the low air collection volume of 4 L. Although derivatization is not applied, a detection limit of 0.1 μg m-3 can be achieved. By increasing the sampling volume to 6 L, the limit of detection can be lowered to 0.08 μg m-3. No breakthrough during sampling or analyte loss during storage of the acrolein laden sampling tubes was found. Therefore, the presented method is robust, easy-to-handle and also very suitable for routine analyses and surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schieweck
- Fraunhofer WKI, Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Erik Uhde
- Fraunhofer WKI, Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Tunga Salthammer
- Fraunhofer WKI, Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Chen YL, Wang W, Gatien Ngounou Wetie A, Shi L, Eddy J, John Lin ZP, Sunkaraneni S. An Ultrasensitive LC-APPI-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Ciclesonide and Active Metabolite Desisobutyryl-Ciclesonide in Human Serum and Its Application to a Clinical Study. J Appl Lab Med 2021; 5:41-53. [PMID: 31662413 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2019.029397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of more efficient drug delivery devices for ciclesonide inhalation products requires an ultrasensitive bioanalytical method to measure systematic exposure of ciclesonide (CIC) and its active metabolite desisobutyryl-ciclesonide (des-CIC) in humans. METHOD Serum sample was extracted with 1-chlorobutane. A reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-APPI-MS/MS) method was used for quantification of 1-500 pg/mL for both analytes in a 0.500-mL serum. The analysis time was 4.7 min/injection. CIC-d11 and des-CIC-d11 were used as the internal standards. RESULTS Calibration curves showed good linearity (r2 > 0.99) for both analytes. This novel method was precise and accurate with interassay precision and accuracy of all within 9.6% CV and ± 4.0% bias for regular QC samples. Extraction recovery was approximately 85% for both analytes. Serum samples are stable for 3 freeze-thaw cycles, 24 h at bench top, and up to 706 days at both -20 °C and -70 °C. This method was successfully used to support a pharmacokinetic (PK) comparison between the inhalation suspensions and an inhalation aerosol of ciclesonide in healthy participants. The method robustness was also supported by the good incurred sample reanalysis reproducibility. CONCLUSION APPI, a highly selective and sensitive ionization source, made possible for quantifying CIC and des-CIC with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 1 pg/mL in human serum by LC-MS/MS. A 10-fold sensitivity improvement from the most sensitive reported method (LLOQ, 10 pg/mL) is essential to fully characterize the PK profiles of CIC and des-CIC in support of the clinical development of the ciclesonide-related medications for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Luan Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Marlborough, MA
| | - Weimin Wang
- Bioanalytical Services, Frontage Laboratories, Exton, PA
| | | | - Lei Shi
- Clinical Pharmacology, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Marlborough, MA
| | - John Eddy
- Clinical Pharmacology, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Marlborough, MA
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9
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Godina D, Meile K, Zhurinsh A, Viksna A. Method development of levoglucosenone analysis by UHPLC-UV-MS in fast pyrolysis samples and aspects of its degradation in aqueous samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5202-5209. [PMID: 33078773 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01478h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Levoglucosenone ((1S,5R)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-4-one or LGO; CAS number: 37112-31-5) is an extensively studied biomass based chemical and its potential applications in organic synthesis, as well as in the extraction of various natural substances, have been established; therefore developing dependable, yet fast and simple analytical methods for determining LGO in the products of thermochemical biomass processing is of great importance. In this work different UHPLC methods have been developed and compared for the determination of LGO in wood pyrolysis products. In addition to UV detection, LGO determination conditions by single quadrupole mass spectrometry have been adjusted with and without chemical derivatization. The ionization of LGO in the positive and negative electrospray ionisation mode and the effect of a mobile phase additive on LGO and its degradation product ionisation have been evaluated. Using the UHPLC-UV system, a method for the quantification of levoglucosenone was developed and the analytical parameters of the method were determined. Utilising the developed UHPLC-UV method, studies of LGO stability in standard solution and in fast pyrolysis products were carried out in various solvent systems at different temperatures and pH levels. The main LGO primary degradation product has been confirmed to be furfural. It has been concluded that the degradation rate of LGO is significantly affected by the solvent and storage temperature, so it is essential that LGO standard solutions and samples are analysed when freshly prepared. Using a UHPLC-MS system and derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), a method for the determination of LGO was developed and the method analytical parameters were tested. To sum up, quantitative determination of LGO in pyrolysis products can be performed by reversed phase UHPLC-UV without any particular sample preparation, but in the case of UHPLC-MS it is necessary to derivatize LGO with DNPH to ensure ionisation of LGO. The additional work, requiring MS detection, can be outweighed by the greater selectivity compared to that of the more straightforward UV detection method in cases of incomplete chromatographic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Godina
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
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David V, Moldoveanu SC, Galaon T. Derivatization procedures and their analytical performances for HPLC determination in bioanalysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5008. [PMID: 33084080 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Derivatization, or chemical structure modification, is often used in bioanalysis performed by liquid chromatography technique in order to enhance detectability or to improve the chromatographic performance for the target analytes. The derivatization process is discussed according to the analytical procedure used to achieve the reaction between the reagent and the target compounds (containing hydroxyl, thiol, amino, carbonyl and carboxyl as the main functional groups involved in derivatization). Important procedures for derivatization used in bioanalysis are in situ or based on extraction processes (liquid-liquid, solid-phase and related techniques) applied to the biomatrix. In the review, chiral, isotope-labeling, hydrophobicity-tailored and post-column derivatizations are also included, based on representative publications in the literature during the last two decades. Examples of derivatization reagents and brief reaction conditions are included, together with some bioanalytical applications and performances (chromatographic conditions, detection limit, stability and sample biomatrix).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor David
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Toma Galaon
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, Bucharest-6, Romania
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Cirigliano AM, Cabrera GM. Post-column in-source derivatisation in LC-MS: a tool for natural products characterisation and metabolomics. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:606-615. [PMID: 32045084 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An efficient characterisation of metabolites is a crucial task in many aspects of basic research, such as the de-replication of crude extracts in natural products chemistry or the tentative identification of compounds in untargeted metabolomics. OBJECTIVE The goal of this work is the evaluation of the reaction with phenylhydrazine for the derivatisation post-column in situ of carbonyl-containing compounds in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS LC-MS was performed using electrospray, Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionisation (APCI) or Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization (APPI) as ionisation techniques. The post-column addition of phenylhydrazine was done through a syringe pump via a T-junction before entrance to the ion source. RESULTS A variety of natural products having carbonyl groups, such as cycloartanes, steroids, cardenolides and other terpenoids, were analysed by this method. In the case of compounds with non-hindered aldehyde or keto groups, the main signals of the mass spectra were those corresponding to the phenylhydrazones. However, the spectra of compounds with hindered carbonyl groups displayed mainly those signals corresponding to the product of the nucleophilic addition adduct of phenylhydrazine to the carbonyl, which is the first step of the derivatisation process. Finally, those compounds with conjugated ketones did not react with phenylhydrazine. This methodology was applied in the analysis of crude natural extracts. CONCLUSION The results show that in situ derivatisation of carbonyl compounds in the ionisation source was achieved, yielding the typical derivatives of carbonyl compounds with phenylhydrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Cirigliano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, UMYMFOR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela M Cabrera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, UMYMFOR, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fragkaki AG, Petropoulou G, Athanasiadou I, Kiousi P, Kioukia‐Fougia N, Archontaki H, Bakeas E, Angelis YS. Determination of anabolic androgenic steroids as imidazole carbamate derivatives in human urine using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2154-2161. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Argyro G. Fragkaki
- Doping Control Laboratory of AthensInstitute of Biosciences & ApplicationsNational Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos” Athens Greece
| | - Georgia Petropoulou
- Doping Control Laboratory of AthensInstitute of Biosciences & ApplicationsNational Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos” Athens Greece
- Laboratory of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryNational & Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | | | - Polyxeni Kiousi
- Doping Control Laboratory of AthensInstitute of Biosciences & ApplicationsNational Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos” Athens Greece
| | - Nassia Kioukia‐Fougia
- Doping Control Laboratory of AthensInstitute of Biosciences & ApplicationsNational Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos” Athens Greece
| | - Helen Archontaki
- Laboratory of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryNational & Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Evangelos Bakeas
- Laboratory of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryNational & Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Yiannis S. Angelis
- Doping Control Laboratory of AthensInstitute of Biosciences & ApplicationsNational Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos” Athens Greece
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Bioanalytical and Mass Spectrometric Methods for Aldehyde Profiling in Biological Fluids. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7020032. [PMID: 31167424 PMCID: PMC6630274 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to aldehydes is implicated in multiple diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases), and cancer. Because these compounds are strong electrophiles, they can react with nucleophilic sites in DNA and proteins to form reversible and irreversible modifications. These modifications, if not eliminated or repaired, can lead to alteration in cellular homeostasis, cell death and ultimately contribute to disease pathogenesis. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the methods and applications of aldehyde exposure measurements, with a particular focus on bioanalytical and mass spectrometric techniques, including recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based profiling methods for identifying potential biomarkers of aldehyde exposure. We discuss the various derivatization reagents used to capture small polar aldehydes and methods to quantify these compounds in biological matrices. In addition, we present emerging mass spectrometry-based methods, which use high-resolution accurate mass (HR/AM) analysis for characterizing carbonyl compounds and their potential applications in molecular epidemiology studies. With the availability of diverse bioanalytical methods presented here including simple and rapid techniques allowing remote monitoring of aldehydes, real-time imaging of aldehydic load in cells, advances in MS instrumentation, high performance chromatographic separation, and improved bioinformatics tools, the data acquired enable increased sensitivity for identifying specific aldehydes and new biomarkers of aldehyde exposure. Finally, the combination of these techniques with exciting new methods for single cell analysis provides the potential for detection and profiling of aldehydes at a cellular level, opening up the opportunity to minutely dissect their roles and biological consequences in cellular metabolism and diseases pathogenesis.
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Rauytanapanit M, Sukmanee T, Wongravee K, Praneenararat T. Paper-based chemical reaction arrays as an effective tool for geographical indication of turmerics. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41950-41955. [PMID: 35558761 PMCID: PMC9092153 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09248f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographical indications have gained increasing importance as a powerful marketing tool for highly valuable products especially foods. In this study, a unique and synergistic combination of chemical reaction arrays on paper and chemometric analysis was used to uncover geographical indication of turmerics, an important food ingredient in several cultures. The key to effective differentiation was based on the subtle differences in the compositions of compounds found in each sample, mainly curcumin and derivatives. When these compounds reacted with various reagents in the form of paper arrays, different optical and fluorescence profiles were generated, which can then be exploited by chemometrics. As a result, our strategy could provide up to 94% prediction accuracy without the need for any sophisticated instruments. Paper-based chemical arrays and chemometrics uncovered clear geographical indications of turmeric samples from various origins.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thanyada Sukmanee
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok
- Thailand
| | - Kanet Wongravee
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok
- Thailand
| | - Thanit Praneenararat
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok
- Thailand
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Cao X, Tarr MA. Aldehyde and Ketone Photoproducts from Solar-Irradiated Crude Oil-Seawater Systems Determined by Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11858-11866. [PMID: 28903555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde and ketone photoproducts were observed in the aqueous phase under oil exposed to simulated sunlight by using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatization and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Oil samples were spread over seawater in a jacketed beaker held at 27.0 °C and exposed to simulated sunlight. The aqueous phase was collected after irradiation and derivatized with DNPH, which selectively reacts with aldehydes and ketones. The derivatized hydrazones (aldehyde- and ketone-DNPH derivatives) were washed and enriched with a solid-phase extraction cartridge prior to analysis by ESI-MS/MS in negative ion mode. Over 80 aldehyde and ketone photoproducts were observed from scan range 200-1000 atomic mass units (amu) in the aqueous phase after irradiation but were absent in dark controls. Based on the MS/MS fragmentation of the aldehyde- and ketone-DNPH derivatives, most of the aldehyde and ketone photoproduct mass spectra observed from the aqueous phase were determined to be consistent with dicarbonyls, hydroxycarbonyls, and oxo-carboxylic acids. The formation of the photoproducts can be attributed to photoinduced oxidation of oil. The approach in this study allows the easy identification of molar mass and other structural features of aldehyde and ketone photoproducts without interference from the many tens of thousands of parent compounds in the oil. These results will provide insight into the impact of photochemistry on the fate of oil in environmental systems and will have implications for oil-spill response decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans , 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, United States
| | - Matthew A Tarr
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans , 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, United States
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements for determination of derivatized aldehydes in several matrices. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00392. [PMID: 29062972 PMCID: PMC5647472 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, selective and sensitive electrochemical method is described for the determination of different aldehydes at glassy carbon electrode using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The measurements were performed after their derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) in acidic medium. The impedance measurements were investigated in the frequency range from 100 mHz to 100 kHz at a potential of 1.0 V versus Ag/AgCl. The Nyquist plots were modeled with a Randle's equivalent circuit. The charge transfer resistance was identified as the dependent parameter on relevant concentration of aldehydes (determined as their hydrazones). Under the optimized conditions, the linearity was established over the concentration range of 1000-0.05 μmol L-1. The limits of detection (LODs) obtained were from 0.097 to 0.0109 μmol L-1. Finally, the developed method has been applied to the determination of aldehydes in drinking water, orange juice and apple vinegar samples with relative standard deviations (RSDs) < 3.1% and acceptable recovery rate (around of 80%).
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17
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Zuo W, Hu X, Yang Y, Jiang L, Ren L, Huang H. Development of an Improved Method to Determine Saturated Aliphatic Aldehydes in Docosahexaenoic Acid-Rich Oil: A Supplement to p
-Anisidine Value. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Zuo
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechao Hu
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqiong Yang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Lujing Ren
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
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Dator R, Carrà A, Maertens L, Guidolin V, Villalta PW, Balbo S. A High Resolution/Accurate Mass (HRAM) Data-Dependent MS 3 Neutral Loss Screening, Classification, and Relative Quantitation Methodology for Carbonyl Compounds in Saliva. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:608-618. [PMID: 27785693 PMCID: PMC5772964 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive carbonyl compounds (RCCs) are ubiquitous in the environment and are generated endogenously as a result of various physiological and pathological processes. These compounds can react with biological molecules inducing deleterious processes believed to be at the basis of their toxic effects. Several of these compounds are implicated in neurotoxic processes, aging disorders, and cancer. Therefore, a method characterizing exposures to these chemicals will provide insights into how they may influence overall health and contribute to disease pathogenesis. Here, we have developed a high resolution accurate mass (HRAM) screening strategy allowing simultaneous identification and relative quantitation of DNPH-derivatized carbonyls in human biological fluids. The screening strategy involves the diagnostic neutral loss of hydroxyl radical triggering MS3 fragmentation, which is only observed in positive ionization mode of DNPH-derivatized carbonyls. Unique fragmentation pathways were used to develop a classification scheme for characterizing known and unanticipated/unknown carbonyl compounds present in saliva. Furthermore, a relative quantitation strategy was implemented to assess variations in the levels of carbonyl compounds before and after exposure using deuterated d 3 -DNPH. This relative quantitation method was tested on human samples before and after exposure to specific amounts of alcohol. The nano-electrospray ionization (nano-ESI) in positive mode afforded excellent sensitivity with detection limits on-column in the high-attomole levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a method using HRAM neutral loss screening of carbonyl compounds. In addition, the method allows simultaneous characterization and relative quantitation of DNPH-derivatized compounds using nano-ESI in positive mode. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romel Dator
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Andrea Carrà
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Laura Maertens
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Valeria Guidolin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Peter W Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Bisterfeld C, Classen T, Küberl I, Henßen B, Metz A, Gohlke H, Pietruszka J. Redesigning Aldolase Stereoselectivity by Homologous Grafting. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156525. [PMID: 27327271 PMCID: PMC4915726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2-deoxy-d-ribose-5-phosphate aldolase (DERA) offers access to highly desirable building blocks for organic synthesis by catalyzing a stereoselective C-C bond formation between acetaldehyde and certain electrophilic aldehydes. DERA´s potential is particularly highlighted by the ability to catalyze sequential, highly enantioselective aldol reactions. However, its synthetic use is limited by the absence of an enantiocomplementary enzyme. Here, we introduce the concept of homologous grafting to identify stereoselectivity-determining amino acid positions in DERA. We identified such positions by structural analysis of the homologous aldolases 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase (KDPG) and the enantiocomplementary enzyme 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate aldolase (KDPGal). Mutation of these positions led to a slightly inversed enantiopreference of both aldolases to the same extent. By transferring these sequence motifs onto DERA we achieved the intended change in enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Bisterfeld
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Classen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Irene Küberl
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Birgit Henßen
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander Metz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Baumjohann N, Harms D. Development of an LC-MS/MS method for studying migration characteristics of acetaldehyde in polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-packed mineral water. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1552-60. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1075257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Zhurov KO, Menin L, Di Franco T, Tsybin YO. A Functional Group Approach for Prediction of APPI Response of Organic Synthetic Targets. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1221-1232. [PMID: 25895888 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) is a technique of choice for ionization of non-polar molecules in mass spectrometry (MS). Reported APPI-based studies tend to focus on a selected compound class, which may contain a variety of functional groups. These studies demonstrate that APPI response frequently differs substantially, indicating a certain dependence on the functional group present. Although this dependence could be employed for APPI response prediction, its systematic use is currently absent. Here, we apply APPI MS to a judiciously-compiled set of 63 compounds containing a number of diverse functional groups commonly utilized in synthesis, reactive functional groups, as well as those containing boron and silicon. Based on the outcome of APPI MS of these compounds, we propose and evaluate a simple guideline to estimate the APPI response for a novel compound, the key properties of which have not been characterized in the gas phase. Briefly, we first identify key functional groups in the compound and gather knowledge on the known ionization energies from the smallest analogues containing said functional groups. We then consider local inductive and resonance effects on said ionization energies for the compounds of interest to estimate the APPI response. Finally, application of APPI MS to compounds of interest considered herein demonstrated extended upper mass ionization limit of 3.5 kDa for non-polymeric compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin O Zhurov
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Drzymala SS, Weiz S, Heinze J, Marten S, Prinz C, Zimathies A, Garbe LA, Koch M. Automated solid-phase extraction coupled online with HPLC-FLD for the quantification of zearalenone in edible oil. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:3489-97. [PMID: 25709066 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Established maximum levels for the mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) in edible oil require monitoring by reliable analytical methods. Therefore, an automated SPE-HPLC online system based on dynamic covalent hydrazine chemistry has been developed. The SPE step comprises a reversible hydrazone formation by ZEN and a hydrazine moiety covalently attached to a solid phase. Seven hydrazine materials with different properties regarding the resin backbone, pore size, particle size, specific surface area, and loading have been evaluated. As a result, a hydrazine-functionalized silica gel was chosen. The final automated online method was validated and applied to the analysis of three maize germ oil samples including a provisionally certified reference material. Important performance criteria for the recovery (70-120 %) and precision (RSDr <25 %) as set by the Commission Regulation EC 401/2006 were fulfilled: The mean recovery was 78 % and RSDr did not exceed 8 %. The results of the SPE-HPLC online method were further compared to results obtained by liquid-liquid extraction with stable isotope dilution analysis LC-MS/MS and found to be in good agreement. The developed SPE-HPLC online system with fluorescence detection allows a reliable, accurate, and sensitive quantification (limit of quantification, 30 μg/kg) of ZEN in edible oils while significantly reducing the workload. To our knowledge, this is the first report on an automated SPE-HPLC method based on a covalent SPE approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Drzymala
- Department 1 Analytical Chemistry, Reference Materials, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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Liu JF, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Determination of hexanal and heptanal in human urine using magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with in-situ derivatization by high performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 2015; 136:54-9. [PMID: 25702985 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with in-situ derivatization (MSPE-ISD) was established for the determination of hexanal and heptanal in human urine. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) was used as the derivatization reagent that was adsorbed onto the surface of magnetite/silica/poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (Fe3O4/SiO2/P(MAA-co-EGDMA)). And then simultaneous extraction and derivatization of the aldehydes were performed on the DNPH-adsorbed Fe3O4/SiO2/P(MAA-co-EGDMA). The simple, rapid and sensitive determination of hexanal and heptanal can be accomplished within 9min. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) were 1.7 and 2.5nmol/L for hexanal and heptanal, respectively. The relative recoveries ranged from 72.8% to 91.4% with the intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) being less than 9.6%. Furthermore, the proposed method was successfully applied to determine endogenous hexanal and heptanal in human urine from healthy persons and lung cancer patients. The results showed the higher concentrations of hexanal and heptanal were observed in lung cancer patients compared to healthy controls. Thus, the developed MSPE-ISD method is suitable for the determination of aldehydes in urines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Bi-Feng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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Milic I, Fedorova M. Derivatization and detection of small aliphatic and lipid-bound carbonylated lipid peroxidation products by ESI-MS. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1208:3-20. [PMID: 25323495 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1441-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and lipids are one of the major targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The resulting lipid peroxidation products (LPP) represent a group of chemically diverse compounds formed by several consecutive oxidative reactions. Oxidative cleavage leads to the formation of small aliphatic and lipid-bound aldehydes and ketones (oxoLPPs). These strong electrophiles can readily react with nucleophilic substrates, for example, side chains in proteins which can alter structure, function, and cellular distribution of the modified proteins. Despite growing interest in the field of oxidative lipidomics, only a few dominantly formed oxoLPP were identified. Due to the chemical and physical properties, aliphatic oxoLPPs are usually analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- MS), while nonvolatile lipid-bound oxoLPPs require liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). To overcome the need for the two analyses, we have developed a new derivatization strategy to capture all oxoLPP independent to their properties with electrospray ionization (ESI) MS allowing simultaneous detection of aliphatic and lipid-bound oxoLPPs. Thus, the 7-(diethylamino)coumarin-3-carbohydrazide (CHH) derivatization reagent allowed us to identify 122 carbonyl compounds in a mixture of four PUFA and phosphatidylcholines (PC) oxidized in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Milic
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Application of a novel metabolomic approach based on atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry using flow injection analysis for the study of Alzheimer׳s disease. Talanta 2015; 131:480-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Neta P, Simón-Manso Y, Liang Y, Stein SE. Loss of H2 and CO from protonated aldehydes in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1871-1882. [PMID: 25088131 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) of many protonated aldehydes shows loss of CO as a major fragmentation pathway. However, we find that certain aldehydes undergo loss of H2 followed by reaction with water in the collision cell. This complicates interpretation of tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra and affects multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) results. METHODS 3-Formylchromone and other aldehydes were dissolved in acetonitrile/water/formic acid and studied by ESI-MS to record their MS(2) and MS(n) spectra in several mass spectrometers (QqQ, QTOF, ion trap (IT), and Orbitrap HCD). Certain product ions were found to react with water and the rate of reaction was determined in the IT instrument using zero collision energy and variable activation times. Theoretical calculations were performed to help with the interpretation of the fragmentation mechanism. RESULTS Protonated 3-formylchromones and 3-formylcoumarins undergo loss of H2 as a major fragmentation route to yield a ketene cation, which reacts with water to form a protonated carboxylic acid. In general, protonated aldehydes which contain a vicinal group that forms a hydrogen bridge with the formyl group undergo significant loss of H2. Subsequent losses of CO and C3O are also observed. Theoretical calculations suggest mechanistic details for these losses. CONCLUSIONS Loss of H2 is a major fragmentation channel for protonated 3-formychromones and certain other aldehydes and it is followed by reaction with water to produce a protonated carboxylic acid, which undergoes subsequent fragmentation. This presents a problem for reference libraries and raises concerns about MRM results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedatsur Neta
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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Smith D, Chippendale TWE, Španěl P. Reactions of the selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry reagent ions H3O(+) and NO(+) with a series of volatile aldehydes of biogenic significance. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1917-1928. [PMID: 25088135 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE It has been shown that aldehydes are often present in biogenic media. For their analysis by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), the rate coefficients and the product ion distributions for the reactions of the analyte ions H3O(+) and NO(+) with volatile aldehydes in the presence of water vapour are required. METHODS The reactions of H3O(+) and NO(+) ions have been studied with a series of n-aldehydes ranging from acetaldehyde (designated as C2), through undecanal (C11) under the conditions used for SIFT-MS analyses (1 Torr He, 0.1 Torr air sample, 300 K) and over a range of sample gas absolute humidity from 1% to 7%. For comparison, the C5 pentanal isomer 3-methyl butanal, the unsaturated trans-2-pentenal and trans-2-octenal and the aromatic benzaldehyde were also included in the study. RESULTS The H3O(+) reactions led to the formation of protonated molecules MH(+) and their hydrates MH(+)(H2O)0,1,2,3 , and (MH(+)-H2O). The NO(+) reactions resulted in the production of NO(+)M adduct ions and of [M-H](+) fragment ions. The percentages of the different product ions for each aldehyde are seen to be dependent on the air sample humidity. Kinetic modelling was used to quantitatively explain these observations and to obtain rate coefficients for the association reactions producing NO(+) M adduct ions. CONCLUSIONS This detailed study has provided the kinetics data, in particular the product ion distributions, for the reactions of a number of volatile aldehydes, which allows their analyses by SIFT-MS in humid air, including exhaled breath, food emanations and other biogenic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Smith
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB, UK
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Qi BL, Liu P, Wang QY, Cai WJ, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Derivatization for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sun Z, Wang X, Cai Y, Fu J, You J. Development of a pair of differential H/D isotope-coded derivatization reagents d0/d3-4-(1-methyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)phenlamine and its application for determination of aldehydes in selected aquatic products by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 120:84-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Determination of carbonyl compounds in particulate matter PM2.5 by in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to capillary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Talanta 2013; 115:876-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ruiz-Jiménez J, Hautala S, Parshintsev J, Laitinen T, Hartonen K, Petäjä T, Kulmala M, Riekkola ML. Liquid chromatography-dopant-assisted atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry: Application to the analysis of aldehydes in atmospheric aerosol particles. J Sep Sci 2012; 36:164-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Ruiz-Jiménez
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | - Sanna Hautala
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | - Jevgeni Parshintsev
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | | | - Kari Hartonen
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Riekkola
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
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A novel sorptive extraction method based on polydimethylsiloxane frit for determination of lung cancer biomarkers in human serum. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 724:61-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
LC with atmospheric pressure ionization MS is essential to a large number of quantitative bioanalyses for a variety of compounds, especially nonvolatile or highly polar compounds. However, in many instances, weak ionization, poor LC retention and instability of certain analytes hinder the development of the LC–MS/MS method. Chemical derivatization has been used for different classes of analytes to improve their ionization efficiency, chromatographic separation and chemical stability. This work presents an overview of chemical derivatization methods that have been applied to the quantitative LC–MS/MS analyses of nine classes of molecules, including aldehydes, amino acids, bisphosphonate drugs, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, nucleosides and their associated analogs, steroids, thiol-containing compounds and vitamin D metabolites, in biological matrices.
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Bunkoed O, Thavarungkul P, Thammakhet C, Kanatharana P. A simple and high collection efficiency sampling method for monitoring of carbonyl compounds in a workplace environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:167-175. [PMID: 22242868 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.640244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A simple and high collection efficiency sampling method was developed for the monitoring of carbonyl compounds, i.e., formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, acetone and butanone. The determination is based on the reaction of these compounds in a sensitive absorbing solution of 2,4-DNPH. After the completion of the reaction the derivatives were analyzed by the HPLC system without any post sample preparation. The operation conditions of the proposed method were optimized to obtain the highest sampling efficiency within a short analysis time. The collection efficiency for all compounds was in the range of 95 ± 3 % to 99 ± 4 % and the relative standard deviations (n = 15) were less than 10 %. This method was validated and applied to monitor carbonyl compounds in air samples from an occupational environment, the adhesive industry. Formaldehyde was found to be the most abundant carbonyl compound (64 ± 8 to 250 ± 20 ppbv), followed by acetaldehyde (ND to 24 ± 6 ppbv), acetone (ND to 21 ± 5 ppbv) and benzaldehyde (ND to 27 ± 7 ppbv). The sampling of air directly into the absorbing solution was compared with the conventional method of using an adsorbent cartridge, and the results were in good agreement (P > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Opas Bunkoed
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Guan X, Rubin E, Anni H. An optimized method for the measurement of acetaldehyde by high-performance liquid chromatography. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 36:398-405. [PMID: 21895715 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaldehyde is produced during ethanol metabolism predominantly in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenase and rapidly eliminated by oxidation to acetate via aldehyde dehydrogenase. Assessment of circulating acetaldehyde levels in biological matrices is performed by headspace gas chromatography and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). METHODS We have developed an optimized method for the measurement of acetaldehyde by RP-HPLC in hepatoma cell culture medium, blood, and plasma. After sample deproteinization, acetaldehyde was derivatized with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The reaction was optimized for pH, amount of derivatization reagent, time, and temperature. Extraction methods of the acetaldehyde-hydrazone (AcH-DNP) stable derivative and product stability studies were carried out. Acetaldehyde was identified by its retention time in comparison with AcH-DNP standard, using a new chromatography gradient program, and quantitated based on external reference standards and standard addition calibration curves in the presence and absence of ethanol. RESULTS Derivatization of acetaldehyde was performed at pH 4.0 with an 80-fold molar excess of DNPH. The reaction was completed in 40 minutes at ambient temperature, and the product was stable for 2 days. A clear separation of AcH-DNP from DNPH was obtained with a new 11-minute chromatography program. Acetaldehyde detection was linear up to 80 μM. The recovery of acetaldehyde was >88% in culture media and >78% in plasma. We quantitatively determined the ethanol-derived acetaldehyde in hepatoma cells, rat blood and plasma with a detection limit around 3 μM. The accuracy of the method was <9% for intraday and <15% for interday measurements, in small volume (70 μl) plasma sampling. CONCLUSIONS An optimized method for the quantitative determination of acetaldehyde in biological systems was developed using derivatization with DNPH, followed by a short RP-HPLC separation of AcH-DNP. The method has an extended linear range, is reproducible and applicable to small-volume sampling of culture media and biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Guan
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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36
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Amorisco A, Locaputo V, Mascolo G. Characterization of carbonyl by-products during Uniblu-A ozonation by liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:1801-1811. [PMID: 21638355 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The structural elucidation of carbonyl-containing by-products arising from Uniblu-OH ozonation has been investigated by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) employing a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The by-products were derivatized with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, allowing the formation of [M-H](-) ions of the derivatives in the electrospray source. Exact mass measurements of both the [M-H](-) ions and their product ions allowed the elemental formulae and related structures of ten by-products to be determined confidently. The main degradation pathway were decarboxylation followed by further oxidation. It is noteworthy that the experimental procedure employed allowed the identification of both nitrogen- and sulphur-containing carbonyl by-products during Uniblu-OH ozonation. This result is of environmental relevance for monitoring the balance of organic nitrogen and sulphur during the ozonation of organic pollutants. These atoms, in fact, do not undergo complete mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amorisco
- Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale F. De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy
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37
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A chemical study of β-carotene oxidation by ozone in an organic model system and the identification of the resulting products. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Han X, Szostek B, Yang CH, Cheatham SF, Mingoia RT, Nabb DL, Gannon SA, Himmelstein MW, Jepson GW. Comparative Metabolism of 1,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropene in Male and Female Mouse, Rat, Dog, and Human Liver Microsomes and Cytosol and Male Rat Hepatocytes via Oxidative Dehalogenation and Glutathione S-Conjugation Pathways. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:1288-93. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.038299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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39
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Pang X, Lewis AC, Hamilton JF. Determination of airborne carbonyls via pentafluorophenylhydrazine derivatisation by GC-MS and its comparison with HPLC method. Talanta 2011; 85:406-14. [PMID: 21645717 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The classical analytical method for gaseous carbonyl measurements based on solid sorbent coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and analysis by HPLC/UV suffers from limited resolution of carbonyls with similar molecular structures and high molecular weights. In this paper, we report the development of a sensitive and reliable analytical method for simultaneous determination of 21 airborne carbonyls within the C(1)-C(9) range. Carbonyls were collected on a sampling tube filled with 100mg Tenax TA (60-80 mesh) sorbent coated with 1 μmol pentafluorophenyl hydrazine (PFPH), followed by solvent desorption and analysis by gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS). Common carbonyl gases including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, hexaldehyde and benzaldehyde at ppbv levels were collected with efficiency greater than 90% onto sampling tubes at a flow rate of 100 mL min(-1). The limits of detection (LODs, signal/noise=3) of the tested carbonyls were in the range of 0.08-0.20 ppbv for a sampled volume of 24.0 L. These limits are less than or comparable with those that can be obtained using the DNPH-HPLC method. The method has been field-tested both in ambient air of York and in diluted cigarette smoke. Comparing field tests with the classical DNPH-HPLC method, good agreement was displayed between the two methods for the same carbonyls, but with more carbonyl species detected by the PFPH-GC/MS method. The PFPH-GC/MS method provides better molecular separation for carbonyls with similar structures, is highly sensitivity and gives confirmation of identification by structures when detected using MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Pang
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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40
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Xu L, Korade Z, Rosado JDA, Liu W, Lamberson CR, Porter NA. An oxysterol biomarker for 7-dehydrocholesterol oxidation in cell/mouse models for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:1222-1233. [PMID: 21402677 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m014498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) is elevated in tissues and fluids of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) patients due to defective 7-DHC reductase. Although over a dozen oxysterols have been identified from 7-DHC free radical oxidation in solution, oxysterol profiles in SLOS cells and tissues have never been studied. We report here the identification and complete characterization of a novel oxysterol, 3β,5α-dihydroxycholest-7-en-6-one (DHCEO), as a biomarker for 7-DHC oxidation in fibroblasts from SLOS patients and brain tissue from a SLOS mouse model. Deuterated (d₇)-standards of 7-DHC and DHCEO were synthesized from d₇-cholesterol. The presence of DHCEO in SLOS samples was supported by chemical derivatization in the presence of d₇-DHCEO standard followed by HPLC-MS or GC-MS analysis. Quantification of cholesterol, 7-DHC, and DHCEO was carried out by isotope dilution MS with the d₇-standards. The level of DHCEO was high and correlated well with the level of 7-DHC in all samples examined (R = 0.9851). Based on our in vitro studies in two different cell lines, the mechanism of formation of DHCEO that involves 5α,6α-epoxycholest-7-en-3β-ol, a primary free radical oxidation product of 7-DHC, and 7-cholesten-3β,5α,6β-triol is proposed. In a preliminary test, a pyrimidinol antioxidant was found to effectively suppress the formation of DHCEO in SLOS fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Department of Psychiatry and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Jr Dale A Rosado
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Connor R Lamberson
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235.
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Xu H, Wang S, Zhang G, Huang S, Song D, Zhou Y, Long G. A novel solid-phase microextraction method based on polymer monolith frit combining with high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of aldehydes in biological samples. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 690:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Wang YS, Tan X, Xue JH, Li GR, Shi LF, Yang HM, Liu L, Zhou B, Xiao XL. Determination of trace formaldehyde in blood plasma by resonance fluorescence technology. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 690:234-9. [PMID: 21435481 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for the determination of trace formaldehyde in blood plasma has been established by using resonance fluorimetry technique. It was based on the fact that oxidation of pyronine Y by potassium bromate was catalyzed by formaldehyde in sulfuric acid. When the wavelength interval was at Δλ=0 nm, it was found that the decreased intensity (ΔF) of resonance fluorescence at 574.6 nm was proportional to the concentration of formaldehyde in the range of 1.27×10(-2) to 2.28 μg mL(-1). The limit of detection and the average recovery for formaldehyde were 3.80 ng mL(-1) and 101.6% (n=6), respectively. The present method had been applied to the determination of trace formaldehyde in blood plasma, and the obtained results were in good agreement with those obtained by the resonance light scattering method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Wang
- College of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
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43
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Dynamic covalent hydrazine chemistry as a selective extraction and cleanup technique for the quantification of the Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone in edible oils. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2206-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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Toniolo R, Susmel S, Dossi N, Pizzariello A, Martinis M, Bontempelli G. Amperometric Sniffer Based on Electrodes Supported on Ion-Exchangers for Monitoring the State of Turning Rancid of Lipids. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200900494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Lili L, Xu H, Song D, Cui Y, Hu S, Zhang G. Analysis of volatile aldehyde biomarkers in human blood by derivatization and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet method by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2365-70. [PMID: 20181347 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet method (DLLME-SFO) was developed for the determination of volatile aldehyde biomarkers (hexanal and heptanal) in human blood samples. In the derivatization and extraction procedure, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) as derivatization reagent and formic acid as catalyzer were injected into the sample solution for derivatization with aldehydes, then the formed hydrazones was rapidly extracted by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with 1-dodecanol as extraction solvent. After centrifugation, the floated droplet was solidified in an ice bath and was easily removed for analysis. The effects of various experimental parameters on derivatization and extraction conditions were studied, such as the kind and volume of extraction solvent and dispersive solvent, the amount of derivatization reagent, derivatization temperature and time, extraction time and salt effect. The limit of detections (LODs) for hexanal and heptanal were 7.90 and 2.34nmolL(-1), respectively. Good reproducibility and recovery of the method were also obtained. The proposed method is an alternative approach to the quantification of volatile aldehyde biomarkers in complex biological samples, being more rapid and simpler and providing higher sensitivity compared with the traditional dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv Lili
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
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Lin YL, Wang PY, Hsieh LL, Ku KH, Yeh YT, Wu CH. Determination of linear aliphatic aldehydes in heavy metal containing waters by high-performance liquid chromatography using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6377-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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Baños CE, Silva M. Comparison of several sorbents for continuous in situ derivatization and preconcentration of low-molecular mass aldehydes prior to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric determination in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6554-9. [PMID: 19691962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study of six SPE conventional and non-conventional sorbent materials (silica RP-C18, LiChrolut EN, Amberlite XAD-2, C60 fullerene, multiwall carbon nanotubes and graphitized carbon black) was carried out for the in situ derivatization/preconcentration of eight aldehydes with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Although two of the sorbents, LiChrolut EN and RP-C18, turned out to be the most suitable for ultratrace analysis of the aldehydes, LiChrolut EN showed higher capacity for 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine trapping (higher efficiency for the in situ derivatization reaction) and superior performance in terms of sensitivity (likely a result of its increased sample breakthrough volume). The LiChrolut EN-based method combined with LC-MS/MS allowed the determination of aldehydes over the linear range of 0.02-15 microg l(-1), with limits of detection at 6-24 ng l(-1) and precision of 3.2-7.2%. The method was applied to determine low-molecular mass aldehydes in water samples. These results indicate that the method proposed is a straightforward and sensitive tool for the determination of these aldehydes in water samples providing better results than those LC-MS/MS reported alternatives in terms of the limit of detection, sample requirements for analysis and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Eugenia Baños
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marie-Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Cordoba, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain
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48
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Determination of the Alternaria mycotoxin tenuazonic acid in cereals by high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization ion-trap multistage mass spectrometry after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4582-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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49
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BANOS C, SILVA M. In situ continuous derivatization/pre-concentration of carbonyl compounds with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in aqueous samples by solid-phase extractionApplication to liquid chromatography determination of aldehydes. Talanta 2009; 77:1597-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Song L, Bartmess JE. Liquid chromatography/negative ion atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry: a highly sensitive method for the analysis of organic explosives. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:77-84. [PMID: 19051224 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is applied to the analysis of volatile and thermally stable compounds, while liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS) and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) are preferred for the analysis of compounds with solution acid-base chemistry. Because organic explosives are compounds with low polarity and some of them are thermally labile, they have not been very well analyzed by GC/MS, LC/APCI-MS and LC/ESI-MS. Herein, we demonstrate liquid chromatography/negative ion atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry (LC/NI-APPI-MS) as a novel and highly sensitive method for their analysis. Using LC/NI-APPI-MS, limits of quantification (LOQs) of nitroaromatics and nitramines down to the middle pg range have been achieved in full MS scan mode, which are approximately one order to two orders magnitude lower than those previously reported using GC/MS or LC/APCI-MS. The calibration dynamic ranges achieved by LC/NI-APPI-MS are also wider than those using GC/MS and LC/APCI-MS. The reproducibility of LC/NI-APPI-MS is also very reliable, with the intraday and interday variabilities by coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.2-3.4% and 0.6-1.9% for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-TNT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Song
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1600, USA.
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