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Oliver-Rodríguez B, Zafra-Gómez A, Reis MS, Duarte BPM, Verge C, de Ferrer JA, Pérez-Pascual M, Vílchez JL. Wide-range and accurate modeling of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) adsorption/desorption on agricultural soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 138:148-155. [PMID: 26070080 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, rigorous data and adequate models about linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) adsorption/desorption on agricultural soil are presented, contributing with a substantial improvement over available adsorption works. The kinetics of the adsorption/desorption phenomenon and the adsorption/desorption equilibrium isotherms were determined through batch studies for total LAS amount and also for each homologue series: C10, C11, C12 and C13. The proposed multiple pseudo-first order kinetic model provides the best fit to the kinetic data, indicating the presence of two adsorption/desorption processes in the general phenomenon. Equilibrium adsorption and desorption data have been properly fitted by a model consisting of a Langmuir plus quadratic term, which provides a good integrated description of the experimental data over a wide range of concentrations. At low concentrations, the Langmuir term explains the adsorption of LAS on soil sites which are highly selective of the n-alkyl groups and cover a very small fraction of the soil surface area, whereas the quadratic term describes adsorption on the much larger part of the soil surface and on LAS retained at moderate to high concentrations. Since adsorption/desorption phenomenon plays a major role in the LAS behavior in soils, relevant conclusions can be drawn from the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Oliver-Rodríguez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - A Zafra-Gómez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - M S Reis
- CIEPQPF - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - B P M Duarte
- CIEPQPF - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Verge
- Cepsa Química, Avenida del Partenón 12, E-28042 Madrid, Spain
| | - J A de Ferrer
- Cepsa Química, Avenida del Partenón 12, E-28042 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pérez-Pascual
- Cepsa Química, Avenida del Partenón 12, E-28042 Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Vílchez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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2
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Sanchez-Prado L, Garcia-Jares C, Dagnac T, Llompart M. Microwave-assisted extraction of emerging pollutants in environmental and biological samples before chromatographic determination. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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3
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Oliver-Rodríguez B, Zafra-Gómez A, Reis MS, Duarte BPM, Verge C, de Ferrer JA, Pérez-Pascual M, Vílchez JL. Evaluation of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) behaviour in agricultural soil through laboratory continuous studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 131:1-8. [PMID: 25765258 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The behaviour of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) in agricultural soil is investigated in the laboratory using continuous-flow soil column studies in order to simultaneously analyze the three main underlying phenomena (adsorption/desorption, degradation and transport). The continuous-flow soil column experiments generated the breakthrough curves for each LAS homologue, C10, C11, C12 and C13, and by adding them up, for total LAS, from which the relevant retention, degradation and transport parameters could be estimated, after proposing adequate models. Several transport equations were considered, including the degradation of the sorbate in solution and its retention by soil, under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions between the sorbent and the sorbate. In general, the results obtained for the estimates of those parameters that were common to the various models studied (such as the isotherm slope, first order degradation rate coefficient and the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient) were rather consistent, meaning that mass transfer limitations are not playing a major role in the experiments. These three parameters increase with the length of the LAS homologue chain. The study will provide the underlying conceptual framework and fundamental parameters to understand, simulate and predict the environmental behaviour of LAS compounds in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Oliver-Rodríguez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - A Zafra-Gómez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - M S Reis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - B P M Duarte
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Verge
- Cepsa Química, Avenida del Partenón 12, E-28042 Madrid, Spain
| | - J A de Ferrer
- Cepsa Química, Avenida del Partenón 12, E-28042 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pérez-Pascual
- Cepsa Química, Avenida del Partenón 12, E-28042 Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Vílchez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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Berna JL, Cassani G, Hager CD, Rehman N, López I, Schowanek D, Steber J, Taeger K, Wind T. Anaerobic Biodegradation of Surfactants – Scientific Review. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/113.100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The anaerobic biodegradation of surfactants is used as an acceptability criterion in some environmental pieces of legislation (eco-label, risk assessment, etc.), without a proper evaluation of the relevance of such a characteristic. Available screening test methods to assess the anaerobic biodegradation do not simulate the real conditions prevailing in these anaerobic compartments but rather reflect more stringent conditions, due to the high test substance/biomass ratio, possibility of inhibitory effects and limited possibility for adaptation. Therefore positive results are indicative of a similar behaviour under environmental conditions, while a negative result cannot be necessarily interpreted as inherent anaerobic recalcitrance. The majority of surfactants entering the environment will be exposed to and degraded under aerobic conditions, and only less than 20 % will potentially reach temporarily anaerobic environmental compartments. In contrast to the well documented adverse effects observed in the absence of aerobic biodegradation, the lack of anaerobic biodegradation does not seem to be correlated with any apparent environmental problem for most compartments after more than 40 years of widely use of such products. The scientific review concluded that anaerobic biodegradability does not have the same environmental relevance as the aerobic one. Anaerobic biodegradability should not, therefore, be used as a pass/fail property for the environmental acceptability of surfactants which are readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions.
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Abstract
AbstractSpreading sewage sludge on agricultural lands has been actively promoted by national authorities as an economic way of recycling. However, as by-product of wastewater treatment, sewage sludge may contain toxic substances, which could be incorporated into agricultural products or be distributed in the environment. Moreover, sediments can be contaminated by the discharge of wastewater effluents into rivers. This article reviews the determination of emerging contaminants (surfactants, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products) in environmental solid samples (sludge, soil and sediment). Sample preparation, including extraction and clean-up, as well as the subsequent instrumental determination of contaminants are discussed. Recent applications of extraction techniques, such as Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, pressurised liquid extraction, microwave assisted extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion to the analysis of emerging contaminants in environmental solid samples are reviewed. Determination of these contaminants, generally carried out by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, especially mass spectrometry for the identification and quantification of residues, is also summarised and discussed.
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Chen B, Wang S, Zhang Q, Huang Y. Highly stable magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotube composites for solid-phase extraction of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in environmental water samples prior to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Analyst 2012; 137:1232-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an16030g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Dolenko SA, Alekseenko EY, Kushchevskaya NF. The impact of water-soluble humic acids on extraction-photometric determination of anionic SAS with methylene blue in natural waters. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2011. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x11030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Cantarero S, Zafra-Gómez A, Ballesteros O, Navalón A, Vílchez JL, Verge C, De Ferrer JA. Matrix effect study in the determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in sewage sludge samples. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:813-8. [PMID: 21184532 DOI: 10.1002/etc.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a study of the matrix effect in the determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) in sewage sludge samples. First, a rapid, selective and sensitive method is proposed. The method involves two stages: the extraction of the compound from the samples and analysis by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FLD). Three different techniques of extraction (microwave-assisted extraction, Soxhlet, and ultrasounds) were compared, and microwave-assisted extraction was selected as the best suited for our purpose. Microwave-assisted extraction allows reducing the extraction time (25 min compared with 12 h for conventional Soxhlet extraction) and solvent waste (25 ml of methanol compared with 200 ml for Soxhlet or more than 50 ml for the ultrasonic procedure). Absence of matrix effect was evaluated with two standards (2ØC(8:0) and 2ØC(16:0) ) that are not commercial; therefore, neither of them was detected in sewage sludge samples and they showed similar environmental behavior (adsorption and precipitation) to LAS (C(11:0) -C(13.0) ), which allow us to evaluate the matrix effect. Validation was carried out by a recovery assay, and the method was applied to samples from different sources; therefore, they had different compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cantarero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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9
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Moldovan Z, Avram V, Marincas O, Petrov P, Ternes T. The determination of the linear alkylbenzene sulfonate isomers in water samples by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:343-9. [PMID: 21159344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A number of 20 compounds of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LASs) family were identified by electron impact mass spectrometry (EI-MS) in water samples collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). This paper presents the mass spectra of 20 compounds, the proposed mechanism of formation of the diagnostic ions obtained by EI-MS and the distribution of individual isomers in water samples collected from compartments of WWTP. The individual isomers from four homolog series C(10)-, C(11)-, C(12)- and C(13)-LAS were analyzed as methyl derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaharie Moldovan
- National Institute of Research and Development for Isotopic and Molecular Technology (INCDTIM), Donath Street 65-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Microwave-assisted extraction: Application to the determination of emerging pollutants in solid samples. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2390-414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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González MM, Santos JL, Aparicio I, Alonso E. Method for the simultaneous determination of the most problematic families of organic pollutants in compost and compost-amended soil. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:277-285. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Trace determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates: application in artificially polluted soil-carrots system. Int J Anal Chem 2009; 2009:404836. [PMID: 20107562 PMCID: PMC2809018 DOI: 10.1155/2009/404836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactants are widely used in household and industrial products. The risk of incorporation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) from biosolids, wastewater, and fertilizers land application to the food chain is being assessed at present by the European Union. In the present work, a complete analytical method for LAS trace determination has been developed and successfully applied to LAS (C10-C13) uptake in carrot plants used as model. These carrots were grown in soil with the trace organics compounds added directly into the plant containers in pure substances form. LAS trace determination (mug kg(-1) dry matter) in carrots samples was achieved by Soxtec apparatus and high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. The methodology developed provides LAS determination at low detection limits (5 mug kg(-1) dry matter) for carrot sample (2 g dry matter) with good recoveries rate (>90%). Transfer of LAS has been followed into the various parts of the carrot plant. LAS are generally found in the carrot leaves and percentage transfer remains very low (0.02%).
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13
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Guan Z, Huang Y, Wang W. Carboxyl modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbents combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for analysis of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 627:225-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Lara-Martín PA, Gómez-Parra A, González-Mazo E. Reactivity and fate of synthetic surfactants in aquatic environments. Trends Analyt Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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A new method for the routine analysis of LAS and PAH in sewage sludge by simultaneous sonication-assisted extraction prior to liquid chromatographic determination. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 605:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Advanced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods applied to wastewater removal and the fate of surfactants in the environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Nimer M, Ballesteros O, Navalón A, Crovetto G, Verge C, López I, Berna JL, Vílchez JL. New sample treatment for determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in agricultural soils by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:2175-84. [PMID: 17225109 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-1069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2006] [Revised: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new sample-treatment procedure has been developed for determination of total linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), i.e. homologues and isomers, in agricultural soil. The procedure involves two steps, ultrasound-assisted extraction of LAS from the samples with methanol then clean-up of the methanolic extracts and preconcentration of the LAS by solid-phase extraction on two adsorbent cartridges (SAX and C18). The ultrasound-assisted procedure reduces extraction time (10 min in contrast with 6-12 h for conventional Soxhlet extraction) and requires only small volumes of organic solvent. The effect of different variables interacting in the ultrasound-assisted extraction process was studied. Finally, separation and quantification of the homologues and isomers of LAS was performed by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FD). 2-Octylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt (Na-2ØC8-LAS) was used as internal standard. The proposed method was satisfactorily used for determination of LAS in agricultural soil samples from the fertile plain of Granada (Spain).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nimer
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
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18
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Hildebrandt A, Lacorte S, Barceló D. Assessment of priority pesticides, degradation products, and pesticide adjuvants in groundwaters and top soils from agricultural areas of the Ebro river basin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:1459-68. [PMID: 17211597 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-1015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was employed for the determination of 30 widely used pesticides including various transformation products and alkylphenols in water and agricultural soils with the aim of assessing the impact of these compounds in agricultural soils and the underlying aquifer. The extraction, clean-up, and analytical procedures were optimized for both water and soil samples to provide a highly robust method capable of determining target analytes at the ppb-ppt level with high precision. For water samples, different solid-phase extraction cartridges and conditions were optimized; similarly, pressurized liquid extraction conditions were tested to provide interference-free extracts and high sensitivity. Instrumental LODs of 3-4 pg were obtained. The multi-residue extraction procedures were applied to the analysis of groundwaters and agricultural soils from the Ebro river basin (NE Spain). Most ubiquitous herbicides detected were triazines but some acetanilides and organophosphorus pesticides were also found; the pesticide additive tributylphosphate was found in all water samples. Levels varied between 0.57 and 5.37 microg/L in groundwater, whereas nonylphenol was the sole compound detected in soil. Alkylphenols are used as adjuvants in pesticide formulations and are present in sludges employed as soil fertilizers. Occurrence was found to be similar to other environmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Hildebrandt
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB - CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Lara-Martín PA, Gómez-Parra A, González-Mazo E. Development of a method for the simultaneous analysis of anionic and non-ionic surfactants and their carboxylated metabolites in environmental samples by mixed-mode liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1137:188-97. [PMID: 17070820 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Revised: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new methodology capable of performing the simultaneous analysis of the main surfactants--linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), alkyl ethoxysulfates (AES), alkyl sulfates (AS), nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) and alcohol polyethoxylates (AEOs)--and their carboxylated metabolites--sulfophenyl carboxylic acids (SPCs) and alkylphenol ethoxycarboxylates (APECs)--in environmental samples has been developed for the first time. Extraction is carried out by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) from water and sediment, respectively. Identification and quantification of the target compounds is performed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) system equipped with an electrospray interface (ESI) operating in mixed-mode. Optimization of parameters such as pH, ionic strength, temperature and solvents has been carried out in order to obtain recoveries in the range from 70 to 107% for most homologs, while the limits of detection are 0.05-0.5 ng mL(-1) in water and 1-10 ng g(-1) in sediment. The proposed methodology has been applied for the simultaneous determination of all the target compounds in samples taken from aquatic ecosystems in the SW of Spain. Values for LAS, AS, AES, NPEOs and AEOs are up to 38.7, 3.0, 2.9, 5.0 and 1.2 microg L(-1) in waters, and in the ranges of 1.73-12.80, 0.11-0.24, 0.02-0.59, 1.94-2.70 and 0.64-3.64 mg kg(-1) in sediments, respectively. The highest concentrations of metabolites found in water are 149.6 microg L(-1) of SPCs and 3.9 microg L(-1) of APECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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20
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Sánchez-Martínez ML, Aguilar-Caballos MP, Eremin SA, Gómez-Hens A. Long-wavelength fluorimetry as an indirect detection system in immunoaffinity chromatography: application to environmental analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:1489-95. [PMID: 16953323 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Revised: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The potential of long-wavelength fluorimetry when used as the detection system in immunoaffinity chromatography is assessed for the first time by applying this approach to the analysis of water and sludge samples. Nile blue (NB) was used to synthesize a long-wavelength fluorescent tracer for linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LASs) using the carbodiimide method, in which the amino group of NB is covalently coupled to the activated carboxylic acid group of a LAS mimic with N-hydroxysuccinimide and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The method consists of the injection of a pre-incubated mixture containing linear sodium 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonate (LDS; used as the LAS model), anti-LAS antibodies, and the long-wavelength tracer into a commercial Protein G column. Free and bound tracer fractions are separated in the column, and the peak height of the immunochromatogram (corresponding to the free tracer) is directly measured at 626 nm (lambda (ex)) and 674 nm (lambda (em)), and then correlated to the analyte concentration. It is not necessary to perform an elution step immediately after every sample application. The dynamic range of the method is 0.05-2.5 microg ml(-1) LDS, and the detection limit is 15 ng ml(-1). The precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation, is 4.8-6.4%. Other surfactants (sodium dodecylsulfate and Triton X-100) do not cause interference. The recoveries obtained by applying the method to the analysis of water (ground- and wastewater) and sludge (primary and activated) samples ranged from 86.0 to 111.3%. Water sample analysis included an initial solid-phase extraction step, which cleaned up the samples and improved the detection limit fivefold.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Sánchez-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba. Campus of Rabanales, Marie Curie Annex Building, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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21
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Lara-Martín PA, Gómez-Parra A, González-Mazo E. Simultaneous extraction and determination of anionic surfactants in waters and sediments. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1114:205-10. [PMID: 16574133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Revised: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of the most frequently used anionic surfactants - linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), alkyl ethoxysulfates (AES) and alkyl sulfates (AS) - in aqueous and sediment samples. Preconcentration and purification of water samples are carried out by means of solid-phase extraction (SPE). The efficiency of two different extraction methods for the analysis of sediments - Soxhlet extraction and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) - has been compared. Identification and quantification of the target compounds is performed using a liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) system equipped with an electrospray interface (ESI) in negative ion-mode. Homologue recoveries are 85-123% for SPE, 94-112% for Soxhlet extraction and 81-125% for PLE in the case of LAS, and 60-94% for SPE, 61-109% for Soxhlet extraction and 55-99% for PLE in the case of AES, whereas the limits of detection are 0.1-0.5 ngml(-1) in water and 1-5 ngg(-1) in sediment. This method has been applied to the determination of anionic surfactants in the Guadalete estuary (SW Spain), and LAS concentration levels from 538 to 1014 ngg(-1) in sediments and from 25.1 to 64.4 ngml(-1) in waters have been found. AES values from 168 to 536 ngg(-1) in sediments and from 4.5 to 11.9 ngml(-1) in waters are reported for the first time in European rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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22
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Hirayama Y, Ikegami H, Machida M, Tatsumoto H. Simple and Rapid Determination of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates by In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.52.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Motoi Machida
- Department of Materials Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University
| | - Hideki Tatsumoto
- Department of Materials Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University
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Determination of linear alkylbenzenesulfonates in water samples by immunoaffinity chromatography with fluorescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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MANAGAKI S, KOJIMA S, HARADA A, NANADA N, TANAKA H, TAKADA H. Development of Analytical Method of Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonates and Their Degradation Intermediates by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Equipped with Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to Major Japanese Rivers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.2965/jswe.28.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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