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Yamada K. Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis Analysis of 2AA-Labeled O-Glycans. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2763:171-185. [PMID: 38347410 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3670-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
To reveal O-glycan structures in mucins, it is necessary to release covalently bound O-glycans from the polypeptide backbone and derivatize to a form suitable for structural analysis. Various derivatization methods can now be applied in the analysis of O-glycans following the development of O-glycan release methods. Among the many derivatization methods available, we prefer to use fluorescent labeling with 2-aminobenzoic acid (anthranilic acid, 2AA). 2AA-labeled O-glycans can be detected with high sensitivity using liquid chromatography fluorescence detection (LC-FD) analysis because of the strong fluorescence. In addition, as 2AA has a carboxyl group that carries a negative charge, 2AA-labeled O-glycans can be analyzed with high sensitivity in negative ion mode mass spectrometry. Furthermore, because the negative charge of 2AA provides a driving force for electrophoresis, 2AA-labeled O-glycans can be analyzed using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary affinity electrophoresis. High detection sensitivity and versatility are key advantages of the 2AA-labeling method. Here we present our preferred LC-FD and CE analytical methods for 2AA-labeled O-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Yamada
- The Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan.
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2
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Profiling of N-linked glycans from 100 cells by capillary electrophoresis with large-volume dual preconcentration by isotachophoresis and stacking. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1565:138-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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3
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Zhang CX, Meagher MM. Sample Stacking Provides Three Orders of Magnitude Sensitivity Enhancement in SDS Capillary Gel Electrophoresis of Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Proteins. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3285-3292. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Therapeutics
Production and Quality, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Michael M. Meagher
- Department of Therapeutics
Production and Quality, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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4
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Feng HT, Su M, Rifai FN, Li P, Li SFY. Parallel analysis and orthogonal identification of N-glycans with different capillary electrophoresis mechanisms. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 953:79-86. [PMID: 28010746 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The deep involvement of glycans or carbohydrate moieties in biological processes makes glycan patterns an important direction for the clinical and medicine researches. A multiplexing CE mapping method for glycan analysis was developed in this study. By applying different CE separation mechanisms, the potential of combined parallel applications of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) and capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) for rapid and accurate identification of glycan was investigated. The combination of CZE and MEKC demonstrated enhancing chromatography separation capacity without the compromises of sample pre-treatment and glycan concentration. The separation mechanisms for multiplexing platform were selected based on the orthogonalities of the separation of glycan standards. MEKC method exhibited promising ability for the analysis of small GU value glycans and thus complementing the unavailability of CZE. The method established required only small amount of samples, simple instrument and single fluorescent labelling for sensitive detection. This integrated method can be used to search important glycan patterns appearing in biopharmaceutical products and other glycoproteins with clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Min Su
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Farida Nur Rifai
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Pingjing Li
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Sam F Y Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
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5
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Tamizi E, Jouyban A. The potential of the capillary electrophoresis techniques for quality control of biopharmaceuticals-A review. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:831-58. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Tamizi
- Biotechnology Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmacy Faculty and Drug Applied Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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6
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Li C, Liu L, Xie H, Liu N. Determining Neu5Ac in infant formula with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Key Lab of Dairy Science; Ministry of Education; College of Food Sciences; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin China 150030
| | - Libo Liu
- Key Lab of Dairy Science; Ministry of Education; College of Food Sciences; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin China 150030
| | - Honglei Xie
- Key Lab of Dairy Science; Ministry of Education; College of Food Sciences; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin China 150030
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Lab of Dairy Science; Ministry of Education; College of Food Sciences; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin China 150030
- National Dairy Engineering & Technical Research Center; Heilongjiang Dairy Industry Technical Development Center; Harbin China 150086
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7
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The Multiplicity ofN-Glycan Structures of Bovine Milk 18 kDa Lactophorin (Milk GlyCAM-1). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:447-50. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Kinoshita M, Mitsui Y, Kakoi N, Yamada K, Hayakawa T, Kakehi K. Common glycoproteins expressing polylactosamine-type glycans on matched patient primary and metastatic melanoma cells show different glycan profiles. J Proteome Res 2013; 13:1021-33. [PMID: 24354860 DOI: 10.1021/pr401015b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported comparative analysis of glycoproteins which express cancer-specific N-glycans on various cancer cells and identified 24 glycoproteins having polylactosamine (polyLacNAc)-type N-glycans that are abundantly present in malignant cells [ Mitsui et al., J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2012 , 70 , 718 - 726 ]. In the present study, we applied the technique to comparative studies on common glycoproteins present in the matched patient primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines. Metastatic melanoma cells (WM266-4) contained a large amount of polyLacNAc-type N-glycans in comparison with primary melanoma cells (WM115). To identify the glycoproteins expressing these N-glycans, glycopeptides having polyLacNAc-type N-glycans were captured by a Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA)-immobilized agarose column. The captured glycopeptides were analyzed by LC/MS after removing N-glycans, and some glycoproteins such as basigin, lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1), and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) were identified in both WM115 and WM266-4 cells. The expression level of polyLacNAc of CSPG4 in WM266-4 cells was significantly higher than that in WM115 cells. In addition, sulfation patterns of chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains in CSPG4 showed dramatic changes between these cell lines. These data show that characteristic glycans attached to common proteins observed in different stages of cancer cells will be useful markers for determining degree of malignancies of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Kinoshita
- School of Pharmacy, Kinki University , Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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9
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Breadmore MC. Approaches to enhancing the sensitivity of carbohydrate separations in capillary electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 984:27-43. [PMID: 23386334 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-296-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoresis in both capillaries (CE) and microchips (ME) is an extremely powerful liquid phase-separation technique that is indispensable for the separation of carbohydrates. It is capable of separating both small mono- and disaccharides, through to more complex oligo- and polysaccharides, with high resolution, but as with all CE and ME separations, the detection limits are often inferior to those that can be achieved with liquid chromatographic methods. One avenue to address this is to use an on-line concentration strategy. Various approaches have been developed over the past 20 years, and this chapter will highlight their application to improve the sensitivity of carbohydrate separations in both CE and ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Breadmore
- Australian Center for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
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10
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Partyka J, Foret F. Cationic labeling of oligosaccharides for electrophoretic preconcentration and separation with contactless conductivity detection. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:116-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Zhu H, Cox E, Qian J. Functional protein microarray as molecular decathlete: a versatile player in clinical proteomics. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 6:548-62. [PMID: 23027439 PMCID: PMC3600421 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Functional protein microarrays were developed as a high-throughput tool to overcome the limitations of DNA microarrays and to provide a versatile platform for protein functional analyses. Recent years have witnessed tremendous growth in the use of protein microarrays, particularly functional protein microarrays, to address important questions in the field of clinical proteomics. In this review, we will summarize some of the most innovative and exciting recent applications of protein microarrays in clinical proteomics, including biomarker identification, pathogen-host interactions, and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, USA.
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12
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Functional protein microarray: an ideal platform for investigating protein binding property. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-012-1236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Highly sensitive oligosaccharide analysis in capillary electrophoresis using large-volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1232:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Recent advances in the analysis of carbohydrates for biomedical use. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:702-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Dynamic prediction models for alkaloid content using NIR technology for the study and online analysis of parching in Areca Seed. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Protein glycosylation analysis with capillary-based electromigrative separation techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12566-010-0018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Ruhaak LR, Zauner G, Huhn C, Bruggink C, Deelder AM, Wuhrer M. Glycan labeling strategies and their use in identification and quantification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:3457-81. [PMID: 20225063 PMCID: PMC2911528 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Most methods for the analysis of oligosaccharides from biological sources require a glycan derivatization step: glycans may be derivatized to introduce a chromophore or fluorophore, facilitating detection after chromatographic or electrophoretic separation. Derivatization can also be applied to link charged or hydrophobic groups at the reducing end to enhance glycan separation and mass-spectrometric detection. Moreover, derivatization steps such as permethylation aim at stabilizing sialic acid residues, enhancing mass-spectrometric sensitivity, and supporting detailed structural characterization by (tandem) mass spectrometry. Finally, many glycan labels serve as a linker for oligosaccharide attachment to surfaces or carrier proteins, thereby allowing interaction studies with carbohydrate-binding proteins. In this review, various aspects of glycan labeling, separation, and detection strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. R. Ruhaak
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G. Zauner
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C. Huhn
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C. Bruggink
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A. M. Deelder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Wuhrer
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Kawai T, Sueyoshi K, Kitagawa F, Otsuka K. Microchip Electrophoresis of Oligosaccharides Using Large-Volume Sample Stacking with an Electroosmotic Flow Pump in a Single Channel. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6504-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1008145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kawai
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kitagawa
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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19
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Wang S, Xin F, Liu X, Wang Y, An Z, Qi Q, Wang PG. N-terminal deletion of peptide:N-glycanase results in enhanced deglycosylation activity. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8335. [PMID: 20016784 PMCID: PMC2791212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide:N-glycanase catalyzes the detachment of N-linked glycan chains from glycopeptides or glycoproteins by hydrolyzing the β-aspartylglucosaminyl bond. Peptide:N-glycanase in yeast binds to Rad23p through its N-terminus. In this study, the complex formed between Peptide:N-glycanase and Rad23p was found to exhibit enhanced deglycosylation activity, which suggests an important role for this enzyme in the misfolded glycoprotein degradation pathway in vivo. To investigate the role of this enzyme in this pathway, we made stepwise deletions of the N-terminal helices of peptide:N-glycanase. Enzymatic analysis of the deletion mutants showed that deletion of the N-terminal H1 helix (Png1p-ΔH1) enhanced the deglycosylation activity of N-glycanase towards denatured glycoproteins. In addition, this mutant exhibited high deglycosylation activity towards native glycoproteins. Dynamic simulations of the wild type and N-terminal H1 deletion mutant implied that Png1p-ΔH1 is more flexible than wild type Png1p. The efficient deglycosylation of Png1p-ΔH1 towards native and non-native glycoproteins offers a potential biotechnological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenyi An
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Peng George Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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20
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Kamoda S, Kakehi K. Evaluation of glycosylation for quality assurance of antibody pharmaceuticals by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3595-604. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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Temporini C, Calleri E, Massolini G, Caccialanza G. Integrated analytical strategies for the study of phosphorylation and glycosylation in proteins. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2008; 27:207-236. [PMID: 18335498 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is a common biological mechanism for regulating protein localization, function, and turnover. The direct analysis of modifications is required because they are not coded by genes, and thus are not predictable. Different MS-based proteomic strategies are used for the analysis of PTMs, such as phosphorylation and glycosylation, and are composed of a structural simplification step of the protein followed by specific isolation step to extract the classes of modified peptides (also called "sub-proteomes") before mass spectrometry. This specific isolation step is necessary because PTMs occur at a sub-stoichiometric level and signal suppression of the modified fractions in the mass spectrometer occurs in the presence of the more-abundant non-modified counterpart. The request of innovative analytical strategies in PTM studies is the capability to localize the modification sites, give detailed structural information on the modification, and determine the isoform composition with increased selectivity, sensitivity, and throughput. This review focuses on the description of recent integrated analytical systems proposed for the analysis of PTMs in proteins, and their application to profile the glycoproteome and the phosphoproteome in biological samples. Comments on the difficulties and usefulness of the analytical strategies are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Temporini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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22
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Hirabayashi J. Concept, Strategy and Realization of Lectin-based Glycan Profiling. J Biochem 2008; 144:139-47. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvn043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Simpson SL, Quirino JP, Terabe S. On-line sample preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:504-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Liu CY, Chen TH, Misra TK. A macrocyclic polyamine as an anion receptor in the capillary electrochromatographic separation of carbohydrates. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1154:407-15. [PMID: 17451724 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An analytical approach of the 32-membered macrocyclic polyamine, 1,5,9,13,17,21,25,29-octaazacyclodotriacontane ([32]ane-N8) was described for the capillary electrochromatographic (CEC) separation of derivatized mono- and disaccharides. The column displayed reversal electroosmotic flow (EOF) at pH below 7.0, while a cathodic EOF was shown at pH above 7.0. The reductive amination of saccharides was carried out with p-aminobenzoic acid. Some parameters that affect the CEC separations were investigated. Several competitive ligands, such as Tris, EDTA and phosphate were also examined for the effect on the performance. We achieved a complete separation of all compounds as well as the excess derivatizing agent by using borate buffer (pH 9.0) in a mode of concentration gradient (60 mM inlet side and 70 mM outlet side). The relative standard deviation of the retention time measured for each sample was less than 4% in six continuous runs, suggesting that the bonded phase along with the gradient formed inside the column was quite stable. With the mixing modes of anion coordination, anion exchange, and shape discrimination, the interaction adequately accomplishes the separation of carbohydrates which are epimers or have different glycosidic linkage, although the electrophoretic migration is also involved in the separation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen-Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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25
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Malá Z, Krivánková L, Gebauer P, Bocek P. Contemporary sample stacking in CE: A sophisticated tool based on simple principles. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:243-53. [PMID: 17136738 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sample stacking is a general term for methods in CE which are used for on-line concentration of diluted analytes. During the stacking process, analytes present at low concentrations in a long injected sample zone are concentrated into a short zone (stack). The stacked analytes are then separated and individual zones are detected. Thus stacking provides better separation efficiency and detection sensitivity. Many papers have been published on stacking till now, various procedures have been described, and, many names have been proposed for stacking procedures utilizing the same principles. This contribution brings an easy and unified view on stacking, describes the basic principles utilized, makes a list of recognized operational principles and brings an overview of principal current procedures. Further, it surveys selected recent practical applications ordered according to their operational principles and includes the terms, nicknames, and acronyms used for these actual stacking procedures. This contribution may help both newcomers and experts in the field of CE to orient themselves in the already quite complex topic of sample stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdena Malá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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26
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Snovida SI, Chen VC, Krokhin O, Perreault H. Isolation and Identification of Sialylated Glycopeptides from Bovine α1-Acid Glycoprotein by Off-Line Capillary Electrophoresis MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2006; 78:6556-63. [PMID: 16970334 DOI: 10.1021/ac060738k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sialylated glycopeptides contained in liquid chromatographic fractions of bovine alpha1-glycoprotein tryptic digests were isolated from asialo peptides using capillary electrophoresis (CE). CE effluents were deposited directly onto a metallic target and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. This method allowed the characterization of four N-glycosylation sites in the glycoprotein, and each site was observed as a set of sialylated peptide glycoforms. Tandem mass spectrometry was used to confirm peptide sequences and glycan content in glycoforms. The CE method developed for this study resulted in a very clear separation of the sialylated from the asialo content of glycoprotein digests and proved very useful in the determination of the nature and location of sialylated glycans along the protein chain. This article is the first report describing the use of on-target CE fraction collection using a MALDI removable sample concentrator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei I Snovida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
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