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Glyoxal and methylglyoxal as urinary markers of diabetes. Determination using a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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2
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Pang X, Lewis AC, Shaw MD. Analysis of biogenic carbonyl compounds in rainwater by stir bar sorptive extraction technique with chemical derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:753-766. [PMID: 27928898 PMCID: PMC5396284 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stir bar sorptive extraction is a powerful technique for the extraction and analysis of organic compounds in aqueous matrices. Carbonyl compounds are ubiquitous components in rainwater, however, it is a major challenge to accurately identify and sensitively quantify carbonyls from rainwater due to the complex matrix. A stir bar sorptive extraction technique was developed to efficiently extract carbonyls from aqueous samples following chemical derivatization by O‐(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Several commercial stir bars in two sizes were used to simultaneously measure 29 carbonyls in aqueous samples with detection by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. A 100 mL aqueous sample was extracted by stir bars and the analytes on stir bars were desorbed into a 2 mL solvent solution in an ultrasonic bath. The preconcentration Coefficient for different carbonyls varied between 30 and 45 times. The limits of detection of stir bar sorptive extraction with gas chromatography mass spectrometry for carbonyls (10–30 ng/L) were improved by ten times compared with other methods such as gas chromatography with electron capture detection and stir bar sorptive extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The technique was used to determine carbonyls in rainwater samples collected in York, UK, and 20 carbonyl species were quantified including glyoxal, methylglyoxal, isobutenal, 2‐hydroxy ethanal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Pang
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Alastair C Lewis
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK.,National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Marvin D Shaw
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK.,National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
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Ayoko GA, Wang H. Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Environments. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2014_259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Marín P, Periago JF, Prado C. A new approach for diffusive sampling based on SPME for occupational exposure assessment. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2013; 10:132-142. [PMID: 23356408 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2012.755091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling is a well-established methodology for the evaluation of exposures to environmental volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique is a reliable means of sampling VOCs in air. SPME is also being applied as a passive sampler to determine time-weighted average exposure. The use of SPME as a diffusive sampler was evaluated. The passive sampler is based on the use of a cylindrical diffusion cell (porous hydrophobic polyethylene) with an 80 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber to obtain radial diffusion of the analytes to the sorbent. Standard atmospheres of organic vapors in air were used to determine the experimental uptake rates for toluene and chlorobenzene. Toluene concentrations between 2 and 38 mg/m(3) with sampling times between 15 and 60 min were evaluated, as well as chlorobenzene concentrations between 2 and 47 mg/m(3) with sampling times between 30 and 60 min. The mean diffusive uptake rate was 2.14 mL/min for toluene and 2.57 mL/min for chlorobenzene, and no statistical significant effects of concentration and sampling time were observed under the studied conditions for the two compounds. Relative standard deviation ranged from 2.6 to 6.5%. The performance of the sampler under varying concentrations of toluene was also tested, showing that the sampler reflects the average exposure concentration. Effects of temperature, relative humidity, velocity of the air, back diffusion, competitive adsorption, and the stability of chlorobenzene in the sampler were also studied. Sampler behavior was tested in gas stations, and the results were successfully compared with a 3M-3500 diffusive sampler. The results are promising for using this new SPME device for diffusive monitoring for occupational exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Marín
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, Facultad de Medicina, Murcia, Spain
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Houdier S, Barret M, Dominé F, Charbouillot T, Deguillaume L, Voisin D. Sensitive determination of glyoxal, methylglyoxal and hydroxyacetaldehyde in environmental water samples by using dansylacetamidooxyamine derivatization and liquid chromatography/fluorescence. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 704:162-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Zhu Y, Yao X, Chen S, Cui Q, Wang H. HPLC determination of glyoxal in aldehyde solution with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone. Front Chem Sci Eng 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-010-0535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Beránek J, Muggli DA, Kubátová A. Detection limits of electron and electron capture negative ionization-mass spectrometry for aldehydes derivatized with o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine hydrochloride. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:592-602. [PMID: 20106680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to common expectations, the differences in limits of detection (LODs) between electron capture negative ionization (ECNI) and electron ionization (EI) mass spectrometry (MS) were found to be insignificant for a wide range of aldehydes derivatized with o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Comparison of the two ionization methods based on LOD confidence intervals revealed that a traditional presentation of the LOD or limit of quantitation (LOQ) as a single value may over/underestimate the significance of obtained results. LODs were between 20 and 150 pg injected for the majority of tested derivatized carbonyls using both ionization methods. ECNI-MS improved LODs by approximately 10- to 20-fold only for two derivatized aldehydes, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural. Selectivity of ECNI did not appear to be beneficial when analyzing a wood smoke particulate matter (WS-PM) extract, possibly because the majority of interferences were removed during sample preparation (i.e., liquid-liquid extraction). The impact of four different data acquisition modes of transmission quadrupole (TQ)-MS on LODs and their precisions was also investigated. As expected, LODs in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) were approximately two to four times lower than those obtained using total ion current (TIC) mode. More importantly, TQ-MS in the selected ion-total ion (SITI) mode (i.e., acquiring SIM and TIC data in a single analysis) provided signal-to-noise ratios and precisions, which were comparable to SIM alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Beránek
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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Akdeniz N, Koziel JA, Ahn HK, Glanville TD, Crawford BP, Raman DR. Air sampling and analysis method for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) related to field-scale mortality composting operations. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:5658-64. [PMID: 19514732 DOI: 10.1021/jf900801w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In biosecure composting, animal mortalities are so completely isolated during the degradation process that visual inspection cannot be used to monitor progress or the process status. One novel approach is to monitor the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by decaying mortalities and to use them as biomarkers of the process status. A new method was developed to quantitatively analyze potential biomarkers--dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, pyrimidine, acetic acid, propanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, pentanoic acid, and hexanoic acid--from field-scale biosecure mortality composting units. This method was based on collection of air samples from the inside of biosecure composting units using portable pumps and solid phase microextraction (SPME). Among four SPME fiber coatings, 85 microm CAR/PDMS was shown to extract the greatest amount of target analytes during a 1 h sampling time. The calibration curves had high correlation coefficients, ranging from 96 to 99%. Differences between the theoretical concentrations and those estimated from the calibration curves ranged from 1.47 to 20.96%. Method detection limits of the biomarkers were between 11 pptv and 572 ppbv. The applicability of the prepared calibration curves was tested for air samples drawn from field-scale swine mortality composting test units. Results show that the prepared calibration curves were applicable to the concentration ranges of potential biomaker compounds in a biosecure animal mortality composting unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Akdeniz
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Determination of carbonyl compounds in beer by derivatisation and headspace solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5061-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Niri VH, Eom IY, Kermani FR, Pawliszyn J. Sampling free and particle-bound chemicals using solid-phase microextraction and needle trap device simultaneously. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1075-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Recent developments in solid-phase microextraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:781-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Pacolay BD, Ham JE, Slaven JE, Wells JR. Feasibility of detection and quantification of gas-phase carbonyls in indoor environments using PFBHA derivatization and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:853-60. [PMID: 18688453 DOI: 10.1039/b801926f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was evaluated for the detection and quantification of the gas-phase carbonyls: citronellal, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and beta-ionone. Prepared air samples containing the carbonyl compounds were collected at a flow rate of 2.8 L min(-1) in an impinger containing a 25% reagent water/75% methanol collection liquid. The aqueous samples were then derivatized with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBHA), extracted with a PDMS/DVB coated SPME fiber, and analyzed by GC-MS. Detection limits with a sample air volume of 76 L were calculated to be 0.03 ppbv, 0.34 ppbv, 0.12 ppbv, and 0.28 ppbv for citronellal, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and beta-ionone, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Pacolay
- Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS-3030, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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Optimisation of a complete method for the analysis of volatiles involved in the flavour stability of beer by solid-phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1190:342-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nakajima K, Ohta K, Mostefaoui TA, Chai W, Utsukihara T, Horiuchi CA, Murakami M. Glyoxal sample preparation for high-performance liquid chromatographic detection of 2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazone derivative: Suppression of polymerization and mono-derivative formation by using methanol medium. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1161:338-41. [PMID: 17632113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Revised: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Some difficulties on a sampling of gaseous glyoxal using DNPH-silica cartridge were discussed, and an alternative sampling procedure was proposed. When glyoxal was sampled using the cartridge, it partially formed mono-hydrazone with various degrees, whereas it was quantitatively converted into its bis-hydrazone when sample gas was directly bubbled into a DNPH acidic solution. Additionally, glyoxal polymerized on the inner wall of the system during trapping to the silica cartridge. We found that the polymerization of glyoxal was effectively suppressed by dissolving glyoxal into methanol under reduced pressure; glyoxal in methanol readily reacted with DNPH in a hydrochloric acid solution and gave bis-hydrazone derivative, without any interference of methanol and any formation of mono-hydrazone derivative. When glyoxal was sampled by the proposed method, 102% of recovery was obtained, whereas it was reduced to 92.7% when the trapped glyoxal was dissolved into methanol under atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Nakajima
- Science Research center, Hosei University, 2-17-1 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8160, Japan.
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