1
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The QuEChERS method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of diuretics in animal-derived foods. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Lo Faro AF, Tini A, Gottardi M, Pirani F, Sirignano A, Giorgetti R, Busardò FP. Development and validation of a fast ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for determining carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and their metabolites in urine and hair. Drug Test Anal 2021; 13:1552-1560. [PMID: 33908166 PMCID: PMC8456811 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A new, rapid, sensitive, and comprehensive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method for quantifying diuretics (acetazolamide, brinzolamide, dorzolamide, and their metabolites) in human urine and hair was developed and fully validated. Twenty‐five milligrams of hair were incubated with 500‐μl M3® buffer reagent at 100°C for 1 h for complete digestion. After cooling, 1‐μl supernatant was injected onto chromatography system. Urine samples were simply diluted before injection. The chromatographic run time was short (8 min) through a column with a mobile phase gradient. The method was linear (determination coefficients always higher than 0.99) from limit of quantification (LOQ) to 500 ng/ml in urine and from LOQ to 10 ng/mg in hair. LOQs ranged from 0.07 to 1.16 ng/ml in urine and from 0.02 to 0.15 ng/mg in hair. No significant ion suppression due to matrix effect was observed, and process efficiency was always higher than 80%. Intra‐ and inter‐assay precision was lower than 15%. The suitability of the methods was tested with six urine and hair specimens from patients treated with acetazolamide, dorzolamide, or brinzolamide for ocular diseases or systemic hypertension. Average urine concentrations were 266.32 ng/ml for dorzolamide and 47.61 ng/ml for N‐deethyl‐dorzolamide (n = 3), 109.27 ng/ml for brinzolamide and 1.02 ng/ml for O‐desmethyl‐brinzolamide (n = 2), and finally, 12.63 ng/ml for acetazolamide. Average hair concentrations were 5.94 ng/mg for dorzolamide and 0.048 ng/mg for N‐deethyl‐dorzolamide (n = 3), 3.26 ng/mg for brinzolamide (n = 2), and 2.3 ng/mg for acetazolamide (n = 1). The developed method was simple and fast both in the extraction procedures making it eligible in high‐throughput analysis for clinical forensic and doping purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Fabrizio Lo Faro
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anastasio Tini
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Pirani
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Giorgetti
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Busardò
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University "Politecnica delle Marche" of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
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Khorshed AA, Elsutohy MM, Mohamed AA, Oraby M. HPTLC Method for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Triamterene in Plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:267-273. [PMID: 34128052 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has developed for the selective detection of a diuretic drug, triamterene (TRIAM), in pure form, tablets and human plasma. The method was based on chromatographic separation of TRIAM using HPTLC plates, precoated with silica gel, and a mobile phase consisted of ethyl acetate: dimethylformamide: ammonia (7.0: 2.7: 0.3, by volume). The native fluorescence signal of TRIAM was detected at 440 nm and used to quantify TRIAM using the proposed method, improving the method sensitivity to ~250-folds in comparison to that reported in previous HPTLC studies. The developed method enabled the detection of TRIAM in pure drug and biological samples (human plasma) within linear concentrations ranged from 0.8 to 60 ng/band or 1.0 to 60 ng/band for pure drug and plasma samples, respectively. Furthermore, the method was validated according to the official guidelines to permit its applicability in quality control and clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Khorshed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Elsutohy
- 2500 University Drive, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Abobakr A Mohamed
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Fayoum University, Al-Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Oraby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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Souza KA, Nunes AM, Pimentel DM, Verly RM, Gil ES, Malagutti AR, dos Santos WT. Altered electrochemistry of amiloride drug on boron-doped diamond electrode: Rapid and selective detection in urine by square-wave cathodic stripping voltammetry for application in doping control. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Kailasa SK, Kateshiya MR, Malek NI. Introduction of cellulose-cysteine Schiff base as a new ligand for the fabrication of blue fluorescent gold nanoclusters for the detection of indapamide drug. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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6
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Begou O, Drabert K, Theodoridis G, Tsikas D. GC-NICI-MS analysis of acetazolamide and other sulfonamide (R-SO 2-NH 2) drugs as pentafluorobenzyl derivatives [R-SO 2-N(PFB) 2] and quantification of pharmacological acetazolamide in human urine. J Pharm Anal 2019; 10:49-59. [PMID: 32123599 PMCID: PMC7037487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetazolamide (molecular mass (MM), 222) belongs to the class of sulfonamides (R-SO2-NH2) and is one of the strongest pharmacological inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase activity. Acetazolamide is excreted unchanged in the urine. Here, we report on the development, validation and biomedical application of a stable-isotope dilution GC-MS method for the reliable quantitative determination of acetazolamide in human urine. The method is based on evaporation to dryness of 50 μL urine aliquots, base-catalyzed derivatization of acetazolamide (d0-AZM) and its internal standard [acetylo-2H3]acetazolamide (d3-AZM) in 30 vol% pentafluorobenzyl (PFB) bromide in acetonitrile (60 min, 30 °C), reconstitution in toluene (200 μL) and injection of 1-μL aliquots. The negative-ion chemical ionization (NICI) mass spectra (methane) of the PFB derivatives contained several intense ions including [M]‒ at m/z 581 for d0-AZM and m/z 584 for d3-AZM, suggesting derivatization of their sulfonamide groups to form N,N-dipentafluorobenzyl derivatives (R-SO2-N(PFB)2), i.e., d0-AZM-(PFB)2 and d3-AZM-(PFB)2, respectively. Quantification was performed by selected-ion monitoring of m/z 581 and 83 for d0-AZM-(PFB)2 and m/z 584 and 86 for d3-AZM-(PFB)2. The limits of detection and quantitation of the method were determined to be 300 fmol (67 pg) and 1 μM of acetazolamide, respectively. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy for acetazolamide in human urine samples in pharmacologically relevant concentration ranges were determined to be 0.3%–4.2% and 95.3%–109%, respectively. The method was applied to measure urinary acetazolamide excretion after ingestion of a 250 mg acetazolamide-containing tablet (Acemit®) by a healthy volunteer. Among other tested sulfonamide drugs, methazolamide (MM, 236) was also found to form a N,N-dipentafluorobenzyl derivative, whereas dorzolamide (MM, 324) was hardly detectable. No GC-MS peaks were obtained from the PFB bromide derivatization of hydrochlorothiazide (MM, 298), xipamide (MM, 355), indapamide and metholazone (MM, 366 each) or brinzolamide (MM, 384). We demonstrate for the first time that sulfonamide drugs can be derivatized with PFB bromide and quantitated by GC-MS. Sulfonamides with MM larger than 236 are likely to be derivatized by PFB bromide but to lack thermal stability. The sulfonamide group of acetazolamide was derivatized for the first time with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. Other sulfonamides were also derivatized for the first time with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. Pentafluorobenzyl derivatives of acetazolamide and other sulfonamides are useful for GC-MS. The validated method was used to quantify pharmacological acetazolamide in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Begou
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
- BIOMIC_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kathrin Drabert
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georgios Theodoridis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
- BIOMIC_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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Wang J, Liang Y, Mao Y, Liu Q, Jiang G. A selective adsorption-based separation of low-mass molecules from biological samples towards high-throughput mass spectrometry analysis in a single drop of human whole blood. Talanta 2019; 202:237-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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8
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Wang Z, Wang X, Ura Y, Nishihara Y. Nickel-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Cyanation of Acyl Chlorides. Org Lett 2019; 21:6779-6784. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Wang
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Xiu Wang
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ura
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoyanshi-machi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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9
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Paper platform for determination of bumetanide in human urine samples to detect doping in sports using digital image analysis. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Khorshed AA, Khairy M, Banks CE. Electrochemical determination of antihypertensive drugs by employing costless and portable unmodified screen-printed electrodes. Talanta 2019; 198:447-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Mariano F, Mella A, Vincenti M, Biancone L. Furosemide as a functional marker of acute kidney injury in ICU patients: a new role for an old drug. J Nephrol 2019; 32:883-893. [PMID: 31090022 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-019-00614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New pharmacokinetics insight suggests that the furosemide pharmacology occurring in ICU patients with AKI is similar, but not equal to that described in chronic stable renal patients. Even if the diuretic response to furosemide is expressed by a steep dose-response curve positively correlated with renal function, pharmacodynamic limitations occur when creatinine clearance is < 20 ml/min or urine output is < 500 ml/12 h. In such cases, other factors specifically due to acute tubular injury can interfere with the furosemide-induced diuretic output. As modality of administration recent reports and metanalysis, even if not conclusive, suggest that for the same given dose a continuous infusion of furosemide was superior in diuretic response. For septic shock patients on CVVHDF where treatment adds an additional clearance of furosemide the maximum diuretic response is achieved by a continuous infusion of 20 mg/h of furosemide. At this infusion rate the reached plasma level was < 20 mg/L, a range considered safe and not ototoxic. Therefore, the severity of AKI establishes whether a patient will respond to furosemide. In this review we summarized all these recent updates, also suggesting that the diuretic response under continuous infusion may allow assessing glomerular and tubular functions with increased reliability than a bolus dose. However, validation studies are still needed to support continuous infusion as a stress test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Mariano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation U, Department of Medical Sciences, CTO Hospital, University of Turin, City of Health and Science, Via G. Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Alberto Mella
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation U, Department of Medical Sciences, CTO Hospital, University of Turin, City of Health and Science, Via G. Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Vincenti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Biancone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation U, Department of Medical Sciences, CTO Hospital, University of Turin, City of Health and Science, Via G. Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
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12
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Wang X, Wang Z, Nishihara Y. Nickel/copper-cocatalyzed decarbonylative silylation of acyl fluorides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10507-10510. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05325e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A transformation of acyl fluorides with silylboron via nickel/copper-cocatalysed carbon–fluorine bond cleavage and a sequential decarbonylation, which provides an efficient protocol to functionalize arylsilanes, has been disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka
- Okayama 700-8530
- Japan
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka
- Okayama 700-8530
- Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
- Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka
- Okayama 700-8530
- Japan
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13
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Rezazadeh A, Amjadi M, L Manzoori J, Ghaffari A, Jouyban A. Microextraction of Furosemide from Human Serum and Its Fluorimetric Determination. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2018.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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14
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Wang Z, Wang X, Nishihara Y. Nickel-catalysed decarbonylative borylation of aroyl fluorides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13969-13972. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08504h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A transformation of aroyl fluorides with diboron via nickel-catalysed carbon–fluorine bond cleavage and a sequential decarbonylation, which provides an efficient protocol to functionalize arylboronates, has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Wang
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Kita-ku
- Japan
| | - Xiu Wang
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
- Kita-ku
- Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
- Okayama University
- Kita-ku
- Japan
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Shah JV, Shah PA, Sanyal M, Shrivastav PS. Simultaneous quantification of amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Anal 2017; 7:288-296. [PMID: 29404051 PMCID: PMC5790693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A selective, sensitive and precise assay based on solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of amiloride (AMI) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in human plasma. Sample clean-up with 250 µL of plasma was done on Phenomenex Strata™-X extraction cartridges using their labeled internal standards (AMI-15N3 and HCTZ-13C,d2). Chromatography was performed on Hypersil Gold C18 (50 mm×3.0 mm, 5 µm) column using acetonitrile with 4.0 mM ammonium formate (pH 4.0, adjusted with 0.1% formic acid) (80:20, v/v) as the mobile phase. Detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole API 5500 mass spectrometer utilizing an electrospray ionization interface and operating in the positive ionization mode for AMI and negative ionization mode for HCTZ. Multiple reaction monitoring was used following the transitions at m/z 230.6/116.0, m/z 233.6/116.0, m/z 296.0/204.9 and m/z 299.0/205.9 for AMI, AMI-15N3, HCTZ and HCTZ-13C,d2, respectively. Calibration curves were linear (r2≥0.9997) over the concentration range of 0.050–50.0 and 0.50–500 ng/mL for AMI and HCTZ, respectively, with acceptable accuracy and precision. The signal-to-noise ratio at the limit of quantitation was ≥14 for both the analytes. The mean recovery of AMI and HCTZ from plasma was 89.0% and 98.7%, respectively. The IS-normalized matrix factors determined for matrix effect ranged from 0.971 to 1.024 for both the analytes. The validated LC–MS/MS method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study using 5 mg AMI and 50 mg HCTZ fixed dose tablet formulation in 18 healthy Indian volunteers with good reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaivik V Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Priyanka A Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Mallika Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Pranav S Shrivastav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
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Sharaf El-Din MM, Nassar MW, Attia KA, Demellawy MA, Kaddah MM. Validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of clopamide, reserpine and dihydroergotoxine: Application to pharmacokinetics in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 125:236-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Ahmad Panahi H, Ejlali M, Chabouk M. Two-phase and three-phase liquid-phase microextraction of hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene in urine samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:1022-1028. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Homayon Ahmad Panahi
- Department of Chemistry; Islamic Azad University; Central Tehran Branch Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Ejlali
- Department of Chemistry; Islamic Azad University; Central Tehran Branch Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Monireh Chabouk
- Department of Chemistry; Islamic Azad University; Central Tehran Branch Tehran Tehran Iran
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Yılmaz H, Basan H. Preconcentration of indapamide from human urine using molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3090-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hüma Yılmaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry; Gazi University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Hasan Basan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry; Gazi University; Ankara Turkey
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Chemometrics-assisted determination of amiloride and triamterene in biological fluids with overlapped peaks and unknown interferences. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:1685-97. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Amiloride (AMI) and triamterene (TRI) are both potassium-saving diuretics, which are ordinarily used as doping to enhance the performance of athletes in sports. For the similar structures and complex matrices existence, chromatography and extraction are commonly employed to realize the determination of AMI and TRI in biological fluids, which are very time-consuming and laborious. Results: A novel method is presented to simultaneous interference-free determination of AMI and TRI in complex biological fluids samples using excitation–emission matrix fluorescence coupled with second-order calibration method based on alternating normalization-weight error algorithm. Conclusion: The proposed method can obtain accurate qualitative and quantitative information of the analytes, even in the presence of the interference from complex biological fluids, which requires few prior purification and separation procedures.
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Domínguez-Romero JC, García-Reyes JF, Lara-Ortega FJ, Molina-Díaz A. Screening and confirmation capabilities of liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the determination of 200 multiclass sport drugs in urine. Talanta 2015; 134:74-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Jeong ES, Kim SH, Cha EJ, Lee KM, Kim HJ, Lee SW, Kwon OS, Lee J. Simultaneous analysis of 210 prohibited substances in human urine by ultrafast liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in doping control. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:367-384. [PMID: 26406349 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Doping analysis is a two-step process consisting of a screening step for prohibited substances and a confirmation step to verify the presence of specific substances found during the screening. The entire process must be performed within a limited time period, but traditional screening procedures commonly employ separate analytical methods for each class of prohibited substances being screened and thus require a great deal of human resources and instrumentation. A single simple and rapid multiresidue analytical method that could accommodate multiple classes of prohibited substances would be extraordinarily useful in doping analyses. METHODS Urine samples were extracted via two consecutive liquid-liquid extractions at different pH values following enzymatic hydrolysis. Analyses were performed by ultrafast liquid chromatography/triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry with polarity switching and time-dependent selected reaction monitoring. RESULTS We developed a rapid multiresidue screening and confirmation method for efficient high-throughput doping analyses. The present method was validated with regard to the limits of detection (0.01-100.0 ng/mL for screening analyses and 0.2-500.0 ng/mL for confirmation assays), matrix effects (48.9-118.9%), recovery (20.6-119.7%) and intra- (0.6-17.6%) and inter-day (4.0-20.0%) precision. CONCLUSIONS A multiresidue analytical method was developed and validated for screening and confirming the presence of performance-enhancing drugs. A total of 210 substances from diverse classes of prohibited substances were successfully identified with an analytical run time of 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sook Jeong
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, School of Medicine, Inje University, 875, Haeun-daero, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Cha
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
| | - Kang Mi Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
| | - Ho Jun Kim
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
| | - Oh-Seung Kwon
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
| | - Jaeick Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
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22
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Idris AM, Alnajjar AO. Native fluorescent detection with sequential injection chromatography for doping control analysis. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:144. [PMID: 23985079 PMCID: PMC3851596 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequential injection chromatography (SIC) is a young, ten years old, separation technique. It was proposed with the benefits of reagent-saving, rapid analysis, system miniaturization and simplicity. SIC with UV detection has proven to be efficient mostly for pharmaceutical analysis. In the current study, a stand-alone multi-wavelength fluorescence (FL) detector was coupled to an SIC system. The hyphenation was exploited for developing an SIC-FL method for the separation and quantification of amiloride (AML) and furosemide (FSM) in human urine and tablet formulation. RESULTS AML and FSM were detected using excitation maxima at 380 and 270 nm, respectively, and emission maxima at 413 and 470 nm, respectively. The separation was accomplished in less than 2.0 min into a C18 monolithic column (50 × 4.6 nm) with a mobile phase containing 25 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 4.0): acetonitrile: (35:65, v/v). The detection limits were found to be 12 and 470 ng/mL for AML and FSM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The proposed SIC-FL method features satisfactory sensitivity for AML and FSM in urine samples for the minimum required performance limits recommended by the World Anti-Doping Agency, besides a downscaled consumption of reagents and high rapidity for industrial-scale analysis of pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P,O, Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
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23
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Han D, Tang B, Row KH. DETERMINATION OF DIURETIC DRUGS IN HUMAN URINE USING DISPERSIVE LIQUID–LIQUID MICROEXTRACTION BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.712931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Han
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon , Korea
| | - Baokun Tang
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon , Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Row
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Inha University , Incheon , Korea
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24
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Ho TT, Li ZG, Lin HY, Lee MR. Determination of Diuretics in Urine Using Immobilized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction Combined with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201200603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Tsyrulneva I, Zaporozhets O. Simple and Rapid Determination of Diuretics by Luminescent Method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2013.47075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Patel DS, Sharma N, Patel MC, Patel BN, Shrivastav PS, Sanyal M. Application of a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of bumetanide in human plasma for a bioequivalence study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 66:365-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Zaporozhets O, Tsyrulneva I, Ischenko M. Determination of 8 Diuretics and Probenecid in Human Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Confirmation Procedure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2012.34044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Gerace E, Salomone A, Abbadessa G, Racca S, Vincenti M. Rapid determination of anti-estrogens by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in urine: Method validation and application to real samples. J Pharm Anal 2011; 2:1-11. [PMID: 29403714 PMCID: PMC5760826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A fast screening protocol was developed for the simultaneous determination of nine anti-estrogenic agents (aminoglutethimide, anastrozole, clomiphene, drostanolone, formestane, letrozole, mesterolone, tamoxifen, testolactone) plus five of their metabolites in human urine. After an enzymatic hydrolysis, these compounds can be extracted simultaneously from urine with a simple liquid-liquid extraction at alkaline conditions. The analytes were subsequently analyzed by fast-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (fast-GC/MS) after derivatization. The use of a short column, high-flow carrier gas velocity and fast temperature ramping produced an efficient separation of all analytes in about 4 min, allowing a processing rate of 10 samples/h. The present analytical method was validated according to UNI EN ISO/IEC 17025 guidelines for qualitative methods. The range of investigated parameters included the limit of detection, selectivity, linearity, repeatability, robustness and extraction efficiency. High MS-sampling rate, using a benchtop quadrupole mass analyzer, resulted in accurate peak shape definition under both scan and selected ion monitoring modes, and high sensitivity in the latter mode. Therefore, the performances of the method are comparable to the ones obtainable from traditional GC/MS analysis. The method was successfully tested on real samples arising from clinical treatments of hospitalized patients and could profitably be used for clinical studies on anti-estrogenic drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gerace
- Centro Regionale Antidoping "A. Bertinaria", Regione Gonzole 10/1, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - A Salomone
- Centro Regionale Antidoping "A. Bertinaria", Regione Gonzole 10/1, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - G Abbadessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10/1, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - S Racca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10/1, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - M Vincenti
- Centro Regionale Antidoping "A. Bertinaria", Regione Gonzole 10/1, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Analitica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via P.Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy
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29
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Multiclass determination of 66 organic micropollutants in environmental water samples by fast gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:2301-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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30
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Ihssane B, Charrouf M, Abourriche A, Abboud Y, Bouabidi A, Bennamara A, Saffaj T. Optimization and validation of a new high-performance liquid chromatographic method for analysis of acetazolamide in tablets using Box-Behnken statistical experiment design. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.23.2011.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Di Corcia D, Morra V, Pazzi M, Vincenti M. Simultaneous determination of beta2-agonists in human urine by fast-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: method validation and clinical application. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 24:358-66. [PMID: 19642085 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A fast screening protocol was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 15 beta(2)-agonists in human urine (bambuterol, cimbuterol, clenbuterol, fenoterol, formoterol, isoproterenol, mapenterol, metaproterenol, procaterol, ractopamine, ritodrine, salbutamol, salmeterol, terbutaline, tulobuterol). The overall sample processing includes deconjugation with enzyme hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extraction, followed by derivatization of the extract and detection of beta(2)-agonists trimethylsilyl-derivatives by fast-gas chromatography/electron impact-mass spectrometry (fast-GC/EI-MS). Sample extraction and derivatization were optimized with the purpose of improving recoveries and reaction yields for a variety of analytes with different structures simultaneously, while keeping the procedure simple and reliable. Validation parameters were determined for each analyte under investigation, including selectivity, linearity, intra- and inter-assay precision, extraction recoveries and signal to noise ratio (S/N) at the lowest calibration level. Fast-GC/MS sequences, based on the use of short columns, high carrier-gas velocity and fast temperature ramping, allow considerable reduction of the analysis time (7 min), while maintaining adequate chromatographic resolution. The overall GC cycle time was less than 9 min, allowing a processing rate of 6 samples/h. High MS-sampling rate, using a benchtop quadrupole mass analyzer, resulted in accurate peak shape definition under both scan and selected ion monitoring modes, and high sensitivity in the latter mode. The method was successfully tested on real samples arising from clinical treatments. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Di Corcia
- Centro Regionale di Tossicologia della Regione Piemonte, Consorzio Antidoping A. Bertinaria, Regione Gonzole 10/1, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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32
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Cadwallader AB, de la Torre X, Tieri A, Botrè F. The abuse of diuretics as performance-enhancing drugs and masking agents in sport doping: pharmacology, toxicology and analysis. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 161:1-16. [PMID: 20718736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diuretics are drugs that increase the rate of urine flow and sodium excretion to adjust the volume and composition of body fluids. There are several major categories of this drug class and the compounds vary greatly in structure, physicochemical properties, effects on urinary composition and renal haemodynamics, and site and mechanism of action. Diuretics are often abused by athletes to excrete water for rapid weight loss and to mask the presence of other banned substances. Because of their abuse by athletes, diuretics have been included on The World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) list of prohibited substances; the use of diuretics is banned both in competition and out of competition and diuretics are routinely screened for by anti-doping laboratories. This review provides an overview of the pharmacology and toxicology of diuretics and discusses their application in sports. The most common analytical strategies currently followed by the anti-doping laboratories accredited by the WADA are discussed along with the challenges laboratories face for the analysis of this diverse class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy B Cadwallader
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Largo Giulio Onesti, 1, Rome, Italy
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33
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Fast GC-MS method for the simultaneous screening of THC-COOH, cocaine, opiates and analogues including buprenorphine and fentanyl, and their metabolites in urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1623-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Dikunets MA, Savel’eva NB, Bolotov SL, Virus ED, Rodchenkov GM. Study of the matrix effect on the determination of nonconjugated xenobiotics in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934810130058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Highly sensitive transient isotachophoresis sample stacking coupling with capillary electrophoresis-amperometric detection for analysis of doping substances. Talanta 2010; 81:1288-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Zeng LQ, Liu JM, Li FM, Huang XM, Lin LP, Wang XX, Zhang LH, Lin CQ. Sensitive Phosphorimetric Determination of Bumetanide in Human Urine with Its Inhibition Effect on the Formation of [Fe-morin] 3+ Complex. J Fluoresc 2010; 20:923-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Peters RJB, Oosterink JE, Stolker AAM, Georgakopoulos C, Nielen MWF. Generic sample preparation combined with high-resolution liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for unification of urine screening in doping-control laboratories. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:2583-98. [PMID: 20155493 PMCID: PMC2841770 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A unification of doping-control screening procedures of prohibited small molecule substances--including stimulants, narcotics, steroids, beta2-agonists and diuretics--is highly urgent in order to free resources for new classes such as banned proteins. Conceptually this may be achieved by the use of a combination of one gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry method and one liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry method. In this work a quantitative screening method using high-resolution liquid chromatography in combination with accurate-mass time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed and validated for determination of glucocorticosteroids, beta2-agonists, thiazide diuretics, and narcotics and stimulants in urine. To enable the simultaneous isolation of all the compounds of interest and the necessary purification of the resulting extracts, a generic extraction and hydrolysis procedure was combined with a solid-phase extraction modified for these groups of compounds. All 56 compounds are determined using positive electrospray ionisation with the exception of the thiazide diuretics for which the best sensitivity was obtained by using negative electrospray ionisation. The results show that, with the exception of clenhexyl, procaterol, and reproterol, all compounds can be detected below the respective minimum required performance level and the results for linearity, repeatability, within-lab reproducibility, and accuracy show that the method can be used for quantitative screening. If qualitative screening is sufficient the instrumental analysis may be limited to positive ionisation, because all analytes including the thiazides can be detected at the respective minimum required levels in the positive mode. The results show that the application of accurate-mass time-of-flight mass spectrometry in combination with generic extraction and purification procedures is suitable for unification and expansion of the window of screening methods of doping laboratories. Moreover, the full-scan accurate-mass data sets obtained still allow retrospective examination for emerging doping agents, without re-analyzing the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J B Peters
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen UR, Akkermaalsbos 2, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The list of prohibited substances in sports includes a group of masking agents that are forbidden in both in- and out-of-competition doping tests. This group consists of a series of compounds that are misused in sports to mask the administration of other doping agents, and includes: diuretics, used to reduce the concentration in urine of other doping agents either by increasing the urine volume or by reducing the excretion of basic doping agents by increasing the urinary pH; probenecid, used to reduce the concentration in urine of acidic compounds, such as glucuronoconjugates of some doping agents; 5alpha-reductase inhibitors, used to reduce the formation of 5alpha-reduced metabolites of anabolic androgenic steroids; plasma expanders, used to maintain the plasma volume after misuse of erythropoietin or red blood cells concentrates; and epitestosterone, used to mask the detection of the administration of testosterone. Diuretics may be also misused to achieve acute weight loss before competition in sports with weight categories. In this chapter, pharmacological modes of action, intended pharmacological effects for doping purposes, main routes of biotransformation and analytical procedures used for anti-doping controls to screen and confirm these substances will be reviewed and discussed.
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39
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Murray GJ, Danaceau JP. Simultaneous extraction and screening of diuretics, beta-blockers, selected stimulants and steroids in human urine by HPLC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3857-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Gonzalez O, Iriarte G, Ferreirós N, Maguregui MI, Alonso RM, Jiménez RM. Optimization and validation of a SPE-HPLC-PDA-fluorescence method for the simultaneous determination of drugs used in combined cardiovascular therapy in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 50:630-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Validation of a fast liquid chromatography–UV method for the analysis of drugs used in combined cardiovascular therapy in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3045-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Dikunets MA, Appolonova SA, Rodchenkov GM. Simultaneous determination of a broad spectrum of nonconjugated xenobiotics by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934809080115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Simultaneous Determination of Labetalol and Furosemide by First-Derivative Synchronous Spectrofluorimetry. J Fluoresc 2009; 19:817-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-009-0479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Dikunets MA, Appolonova SA, Rodchenkov GM. Matrix effect on the determination of synthetic corticosteroids and diuretics by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024409040013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Recent developments in analytical determination of furosemide. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:519-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Shao B, Zhang J, Yang Y, Meng J, Wu Y, Duan H. Simultaneous analysis of thirteen diuretics residues in bovine milk by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:3427-3433. [PMID: 18837072 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, sensitive and specific method used to screen and confirm multi-class diuretics residues in whole bovine milk is described. Thirteen drugs of four different classes including carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop, thiazide and potassium-sparing diuretics were extracted from whole milk by acetonitrile followed by further purification with hexane. The analytes were separated using an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column and detected by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). MS data acquisition was performed by a time-scheduled multiple reaction monitoring program, selecting two ion transitions for each target compound. The overall average recoveries based on matrix-fortified curves fortified with diuretics at three levels ranged from 80.6 to 108.8% with the coefficients of variation ranging from 2.6 to 19.7% (n = 6). The limits of quantitation (LOQs) of diuretics in bovine milk were 5.0 microg/kg for spironolactone and 0.5 microg/kg for other analytes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Shao
- Central Lab, Beijing Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Beijing 100013, China.
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47
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Giancotti V, Medana C, Aigotti R, Pazzi M, Baiocchi C. LC–high-resolution multiple stage spectrometric analysis of diuretic compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:462-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Cianchino V, Acosta G, Ortega C, Martínez LD, Gomez MR. Analysis of potential adulteration in herbal medicines and dietary supplements for the weight control by capillary electrophoresis. Food Chem 2008; 108:1075-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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49
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Ventura R, Roig M, Montfort N, Sáez P, Bergés R, Segura J. High-throughput and sensitive screening by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry of diuretics and other doping agents. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2008; 14:191-200. [PMID: 18708699 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The reliability of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC- MS/MS) for high throughput screening in anti-doping control has been tested. A method to screen for the presence of diuretics and other doping agents in urine has been optimised and validated. The extraction procedure consisted of an alkaline extraction (pH 9.5) with ethyl acetate and salting-out effect (sodium chloride). The extracts were analysed by UPLC-MS/MS. Analysis of 34 forbidden drugs and metabolites was achieved in a total run time of 5 min, using a C18 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm i.d., 1.7 microm particle size) and a mobile phase containing deionised water and acetonitrile with formic acid, with gradient elution at a flow-rate of 0.6 mL min(-1). Identification of the compounds was performed by multiple reaction monitoring, using electrospray ionisation in positive- or negative-ion mode. Precursor and product ions were studied for each compound and cone voltage and collision energy were optimised. Due to the different chemical structure of the compounds under study, extraction recoveries varied from less than 10% to 100% depending on the analyte. The limits of detection ranged from 50 ng mL(-1) to 200 ng mL(-1), and all the compounds comply with the requirements of quality established by the World Anti-doping Agency. Intra-assay precision was evaluated at two concentrations for each compound and, in most cases, a relative standard deviation of the signal ratio lower than 20% was obtained. The method has demonstrated to be reliable when analysing routine samples and the short analysis time resulting from a simple sample preparation and a rapid instrumental analysis allow a fast turn-around time and makes it of great interest for routine anti-doping control purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ventura
- Grup de Recerca en Bioanàlisis, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
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50
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Zhang Z, Wang D, Zhang L, Du M, Chen G. Determination of diuretics in human urine by hollow fiber-based liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography. Analyst 2008; 133:1187-94. [DOI: 10.1039/b802679c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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