1
|
Aydoğan C, Gökaltun A, Denizli A, El‐Rassi Z. Organic polymer‐based monolithic capillary columns and their applications in food analysisψ. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:962-979. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Aydoğan
- Department of Food EngineeringBingöl University Bingöl Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Gökaltun
- Department of Chemical EngineeringHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of ChemistryHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Ziad El‐Rassi
- Department of ChemistryOklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Capillary methacrylate-based monoliths by grafting from/to γ-ray polymerization on a tentacle-type reactive surface for the liquid chromatographic separations of small molecules and intact proteins. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1498:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
3
|
Khadka S, El Rassi Z. Postpolymerization modification of a hydroxy monolith precursor. Part II. Epoxy biphenyl modified poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-pentaerythritol triacrylate) monolithic capillary columns for reversed-phase capillary electrochromatography based on π-π. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:3172-3177. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ziad El Rassi
- Department of Chemistry; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater OK USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Novel Monolithic Stationary Phase with Surface-Grafted Triphenyl Selector for Reversed-Phase Capillary Electrochromatography. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
5
|
Robust naphthyl methacrylate monolithic column for high performance liquid chromatography of a wide range of solutes. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1409:166-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
6
|
Liu K, Aggarwal P, Lawson JS, Tolley HD, Lee ML. Organic monoliths for high-performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2767-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Brigham Young University; Provo UT USA
| | - Pankaj Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Brigham Young University; Provo UT USA
| | - John S. Lawson
- Department of Statistics; Brigham Young University; Provo UT USA
| | - H. Dennis Tolley
- Department of Statistics; Brigham Young University; Provo UT USA
| | - Milton L. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Brigham Young University; Provo UT USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Koeck R, Bakry R, Tessadri R, Bonn GK. Monolithic poly(N-vinylcarbazole-co-1,4-divinylbenzene) capillary columns for the separation of biomolecules. Analyst 2013; 138:5089-98. [PMID: 23799449 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00377a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monolithic capillary columns were prepared by thermally initiated free radical copolymerization of N-vinylcarbazole (NVC) and 1,4-divinylbenzene (DVB) within the confines of 200 and 100 μm i.d. fused silica capillaries. The reaction was carried out under the influence of inert micro-(toluene) and macroporogen (1-decanol) and α,α'-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a free radical initiator. The material proved high mechanical stability applying water and acetonitrile as mobile phases. The morphological and porous properties were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen sorption (BET) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The homogeneity of the copolymerization process was confirmed by elemental analysis and monomer conversion measurements. The newly developed NVC/DVB monolithic supports showed high separation efficiency towards biomolecules, applying reversed-phase (RP) and ion-pair reversed-phase (IP-RP) separation modes, which is exemplified by the separations of peptides, proteins and oligonucleotides. Furthermore the maximum loading capacity was evaluated. The chromatographic performance under isocratic elution was determined in terms of theoretical plate number and plate height, where up to 41,000 plates per column and a minimum plate height value of 1.7 μm were achieved, applying oligonucleotide separations. In gradient elution mode, peak capacities of 96 and 127 were achieved within a gradient time window of 60 min for protein and oligonucleotide separations, respectively. The material proved to have high permeability, good repeatability of the fabrication process and high surface areas in the range of 120-160 m(2) g(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Koeck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Karenga S, El Rassi Z. Naphthyl methacrylate-phenylene diacrylate-based monolithic column for reversed-phase capillary electrochromatography via hydrophobic and π interactions. Electrophoresis 2012; 31:3200-6. [PMID: 22216431 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A neutral naphthyl methacrylate-phenylene diacrylate-based monolith (NPM) was introduced for RP-CEC of various neutral and charged solute probes via hydrophobic and π interactions. The NPM column was prepared by the in situ polymerization of naphthyl methacrylate as the functional monomer and 1,4-phenylene diacrylate (PDA) as the crosslinker in a ternary porogenic solvent containing cyclohexanol, dodecanol and water. The NPM column exhibited cathodal EOF despite the fact that it was devoid of any fixed charges. NPM exhibited stronger EOF than its counterpart naphthyl methacrylate monolith (NMM) made from the in situ polymerization of naphthyl methacrylate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM). As for NMM, it is believed that the EOF arises from the adsorption of mobile phase ions onto the monolith surface. The higher EOF exhibited by NPM may be attributed to the acrylate nature of PDA as compared to the methacrylate nature of TRIM, and therefore PDA has a higher binding capacity for mobile phase ions due to its higher polarity than TRIM. The adsorption of mobile phase ions together with the additional π interactions offered by the aromatic rings of the NPM matrix modulated solute retention and separation selectivity. The applications of NPM were demonstrated by the separation of a wide range of small and large solutes including peptides, tryptic peptide maps and proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Karenga
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guerrouache M, Millot MC, Carbonnier B. Capillary columns for reversed-phase CEC prepared via surface functionalization of polymer monolith with aromatic selectors. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2271-8. [PMID: 21674794 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Macroporous crosslinked organic polymers based on N-acryloxysuccinimide (NAS) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) were prepared in the confines of 75 μm id fused-silica capillaries by photoinitiated free radical copolymerization in the presence of 2-2'-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator and toluene as porogen. Monoliths with good mechanical strength, large porosity as well as surface reactive sites (succinimide leaving groups) could be obtained. Nucleophilic aromatic derivatives, namely benzylamine, phenylbutylamine and naphthylamine were grafted on the monolith surface to introduce π-conjugated ligands to develop particular selectivity. Successful achievement of the post-copolymerization functionalization was ascertained on the basis of in situ chemical characterization by means of Raman spectroscopy. Electrochromatographic properties of π-functionalized poly(NAS-co-EDMA) regarding alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, anilines and phenols were evaluated in terms of retention, selectivity and resolution. The as-designed monolithic columns exhibited π-π interaction in addition to hydrophobic interaction due to the aromatic and non-polar nature of the surface-grafted aromatic selectors. One of the major results of this study is that monolithic columns with mixed selectivity providing high potentiality for the separation of solutes with varied chemical structure variation can be obtained by the surface grafting of the appropriate selector. Herein, an example is given for the phenylbutylamine functionalized poly(NAS-co-EDMA) where the butyl and phenyl fragments afford enhanced hydrophobic and π-selectivity, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Guerrouache
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris Est - Equipe Systémes Polyméres Complexes, CNRS - Université Paris Est Créteil Val-de-Marne, Thiais, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
'Omics' is a general term for a broad discipline of science and engineering concerned with analyzing the interactions of biological molecular components in various 'omes'. These include genome, proteome, metabolome, expressome and interactome. 'Ome' and 'omics' are very convenient handles for describing the holistic approach for looking at complex systems. 'Omics' will not only have an impact on our understanding of biological processes, but also on the prospect of more accurately diagnosing and treating disease. The development of these 'omics' has depended on, and has also driven, advances in chromatography and electrophoresis, as well as highly sensitive and specific analytical techniques to permit the handling of large numbers of samples with high selectivity and sensitivity. The development and design of novel stationary phases for selective enrichment and separation is one of the key points for establishing a successfully running 'omics' platform. Therefore, this review demonstrates the application of different new materials developed in our laboratory, such as chromatographic stationary phases for selective and sensitive high-speed purification, enrichment and separation in genomics, proteomics and metabolomics.
Collapse
|
11
|
Fast preparation of photopolymerized poly(benzyl methacrylate-co-bisphenol A dimethacrylate) monoliths for capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3628-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
12
|
Influence of the polymerisation time on the porous and chromatographic properties of monolithic poly(1,2-bis(p-vinylphenyl))ethane capillary columns. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7747-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
Greiderer A, Ligon SC, Huck CW, Bonn GK. Monolithic poly(1,2-bis(p-vinylphenyl)ethane) capillary columns for simultaneous separation of low- and high-molecular-weight compounds. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:2510-20. [PMID: 19598164 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Monolithic poly(1,2-bis(p-vinylphenyl)ethane (BVPE)) capillary columns were prepared by thermally initiated free radical polymerisation of 1,2-bis(p-vinylphenyl)ethane in the presence of inert diluents (porogens) and alpha,alpha'-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. Polymerisations were accomplished in 200 microm ID fused silica capillaries at 65 degrees C and for 60 min. Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements of the polymeric RP support showed a broad bimodal pore-size-distribution of mesopores and small macropores in the range of 5-400 nm and flow-channels in the mum range. N(2)-adsorption (BET) analysis resulted in a tremendous enhancement of surface area (101 m(2)/g) of BVPE stationary phases compared to typical organic monoliths (approximately 20 m(2)/g), indicating the presence of a considerable amount of mesopores. Consequently, the adequate proportion of both meso- and (small) macropores allowed the rapid and high-resolution separation of low-molecular-weight compounds as well as biomolecules on the same monolithic support. At the same time, the high fraction of flow-channels provided enhanced column permeability. The chromatographic performance of poly(1,2-bis(p-vinylphenyl)ethane) capillary columns for the separation of biomolecules (proteins, oligonucleotides) and small molecules (alkyl benzenes, phenols, phenons) are demonstrated in this article. Additionally, pressure drop versus flow rate measurements of novel poly(1,2-bis(p-vinylphenyl)ethane) capillary columns confirmed high mechanical robustness, low swelling in organic solvents and high permeability. Due to the simplicity of monolith fabrication, comprehensive studies of the retention and separation behaviour of monolithic BVPE columns resulted in high run-to-run and batch-to-batch reproducibilities. All these attributes prove the excellent applicability of monolithic poly(1,2-bis(p-vinylphenyl)ethane) capillary columns for micro-HPLC towards a huge range of analytes of different chemistries and molecular sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Greiderer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kanatyeva A, Korolev A, Shiryaeva V, Popova T, Kurganov A. Characterization of monolithic capillary columns using inverse gas chromatography. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:2635-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
15
|
Separation of Immunoglobulin G and Immunoglobulin Y on Poly(vinyl ester resin-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) Monolith. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(08)60090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
Smith NW, Jiang Z. Developments in the use and fabrication of organic monolithic phases for use with high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:416-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
17
|
Wu R, Hu L, Wang F, Ye M, Zou H. Recent development of monolithic stationary phases with emphasis on microscale chromatographic separation. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:369-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
18
|
Bisjak CP, Trojer L, Lubbad SH, Wieder W, Bonn GK. Influence of different polymerisation parameters on the separation efficiency of monolithic poly(phenyl acrylate-co-1,4-phenylene diacrylate) capillary columns. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1154:269-76. [PMID: 17449047 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Monolithic poly(phenyl acrylate-co-1,4-phenylene diacrylate) (PA/PDA) capillary columns were prepared in the confines of 200 microm I.D. fused silica capillaries by thermally initiated free radical copolymerisation of phenyl acrylate (PA) and 1,4-phenylene diacrylate (PDA) in the presence of alpha,alpha'-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN). Variation of polymerisation parameters in terms of total monomer to porogen ratio, nature of the pore-forming agent and polymerisation temperature is shown to have a significant impact on the porous properties of the supports, which was proven by inverse size-exclusion chromatography (ISEC). Monoliths of significantly different porosity (total porosity accessible to the mobile phase (epsilonT)=0.66-0.71, volume fraction of pores (epsilonP)=0.15-0.24) and hence permeability could easily be prepared. The chromatographic efficiency of the PA/PDA monoliths regarding protein and oligonucleotide separation was studied. A correlation between porosity, retention behaviour and efficiency was derived from the obtained separations. In addition to chromatographic evaluation, pressure drop versus flow rate measurements confirmed mechanical stability. Swelling propensity (SP) factors of 0.47-0.87, moreover, indicated a high degree of crosslinking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens P Bisjak
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 52a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen J, Song Y, Li P. Capillary high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of major flavonoids, iridoid glucosides and saponins in Flos Lonicerae. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1157:217-26. [PMID: 17561027 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Revised: 04/28/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Flos Lonicerae, a traditional herbal medicine, has been used in China to treat some inflammatory disease. Several different classes of compounds have been separated from the herb to assess their pharmacological activities. Among these classes, flavonoids, iridoid glycosides and saponins have been well studied and may be responsible for its clinical application. Therefore, quality control of Flos Lonicerae is an important issue for drug safety and validity evaluations. A quantitative method consisting of solid phase extraction followed by capillary high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (capillary HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS) was developed for simultaneously assay of 24 compounds in Flos Lonicerae. Under optimized capillary HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS conditions, these compounds, including nine flavonoids, eight iridoid glucosides and seven saponins, were separated with high efficiency in the selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Linearity of the method was good with correlation coefficients (r(2)) in the range of 0.9935-0.9998 and detection limits were lower than 2.57 ng/mL for most of analytes. The obtained recoveries varied between 91.0 and 108.7% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) within 8.74% (n=3). The capillary HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS method was also successfully applied to the analysis of these compounds in five species of Flos Lonicerae. It was demonstrated to be a powerful tool for comprehensive analysis of herbal medicines, owing to its exclusive selectivity and excellent sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|