1
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Ghaedrahmati L, Ghiasvand A, Heidari N. Headspace solid-phase microextraction sampling of endogenous aldehydes in biological fluids using a magnetic metal-organic framework/polyaniline nanocomposite. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:1130-1139. [PMID: 32627944 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporosity, crystal structure, good thermal and mechanical stability, high surface-to-volume ratio, nanoscale cavities, and uniform pore topology have made metal-organic frameworks one of the best class of sorbents for adsorption/separation purposes. In this research, a metal-organic framework/polyaniline magnetite nanocomposite was synthesized and intercalated by polyaniline by electrophoretic deposition on the surface of a thin steel wire, to prepare a solid-phase microextraction fiber. It was coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and employed for the extraction and determination of aldehydes in biological samples. The magnetic nanocomposite was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.01-1 and 0.1-1 µg/L for hexanal and heptanal, respectively. The limits of detections for hexanal and heptanal were 0.001 and 0.01 µg/L, respectively. Intrafiber repeatability for six replicate analyses of 0.2 µg/L of the analytes was over the range 3.5-7.1%. Interfiber (fiber-to-fiber) reproducibility, calculated by six replicate analyses of the same concentration using three different fibers, and was found to be 10.4-15.7%. The developed procedure was successfully utilized for the analysis of hexanal and heptanal in human plasma and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran.,Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Nahid Heidari
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
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2
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Progress in Monolithic Column-based Separation and Enrichment of Glycoproteins. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Bioanalytical and Mass Spectrometric Methods for Aldehyde Profiling in Biological Fluids. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7020032. [PMID: 31167424 PMCID: PMC6630274 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to aldehydes is implicated in multiple diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases), and cancer. Because these compounds are strong electrophiles, they can react with nucleophilic sites in DNA and proteins to form reversible and irreversible modifications. These modifications, if not eliminated or repaired, can lead to alteration in cellular homeostasis, cell death and ultimately contribute to disease pathogenesis. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the methods and applications of aldehyde exposure measurements, with a particular focus on bioanalytical and mass spectrometric techniques, including recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based profiling methods for identifying potential biomarkers of aldehyde exposure. We discuss the various derivatization reagents used to capture small polar aldehydes and methods to quantify these compounds in biological matrices. In addition, we present emerging mass spectrometry-based methods, which use high-resolution accurate mass (HR/AM) analysis for characterizing carbonyl compounds and their potential applications in molecular epidemiology studies. With the availability of diverse bioanalytical methods presented here including simple and rapid techniques allowing remote monitoring of aldehydes, real-time imaging of aldehydic load in cells, advances in MS instrumentation, high performance chromatographic separation, and improved bioinformatics tools, the data acquired enable increased sensitivity for identifying specific aldehydes and new biomarkers of aldehyde exposure. Finally, the combination of these techniques with exciting new methods for single cell analysis provides the potential for detection and profiling of aldehydes at a cellular level, opening up the opportunity to minutely dissect their roles and biological consequences in cellular metabolism and diseases pathogenesis.
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4
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Wang T, Luo D, Chen Z, Qu Y, Ma X, Ye J, Chu Q, Huang D. Sensitive determination of aldehyde metabolites in exhaled breath condensate using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7203-7210. [PMID: 30215126 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection method has been developed for the analysis of aldehyde metabolism biomarkers for oxidative stress in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and fluorescein 5-thiosemicarbazide was used as a derivatization reagent. In a simple capillary zone electrophoresis mode, ten low molecular weight aldehydes (LMWAs) could be well separated within 30 min. The reaction efficiency was doubled by increasing sample solution pH and magnetic stirring, and the LODs of this method reached 0.16-3.4 nM (S/N = 3). Acceptable recoveries (82.1-115%) were obtained for EBC samples, and the RSD data were within 7.9%. This developed method has been applied for the analyses of EBC samples and evaluation of the correlation between smoking and the contents of aldehyde metabolites in EBC. Due to no need of buffer additives and sample preconcentration, this proposed method may provide an appealing alternative for the trace analyses of LMWAs in noninvasive biofluids. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zheyan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yining Qu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiuhua Ma
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiannong Ye
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qingcui Chu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Dongping Huang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200060, China.
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5
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Iron oxide/silica/polypyrrole nanocomposite sorbent for the comparison study of direct-immersion and headspace solid-phase microextraction of aldehyde biomarkers in human urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Oh J, Kang S, Lee CG, Han MS. A colorimetric chemosensor for heptanal with selectivity over formaldehyde and acetaldehyde through synergistic interaction of hydrophobic interactions and oxime formation. Analyst 2018; 143:4592-4599. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01238e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxylamine-functionalized polydiacetylene was evaluated as a heptanal chemosensor with selectivity over formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Oh
- Department of Chemistry
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Gwangju 61005
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyoon Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Gwangju 61005
- Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Gyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Gwangju 61005
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Han
- Department of Chemistry
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Gwangju 61005
- Republic of Korea
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7
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements for determination of derivatized aldehydes in several matrices. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00392. [PMID: 29062972 PMCID: PMC5647472 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, selective and sensitive electrochemical method is described for the determination of different aldehydes at glassy carbon electrode using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The measurements were performed after their derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) in acidic medium. The impedance measurements were investigated in the frequency range from 100 mHz to 100 kHz at a potential of 1.0 V versus Ag/AgCl. The Nyquist plots were modeled with a Randle's equivalent circuit. The charge transfer resistance was identified as the dependent parameter on relevant concentration of aldehydes (determined as their hydrazones). Under the optimized conditions, the linearity was established over the concentration range of 1000-0.05 μmol L-1. The limits of detection (LODs) obtained were from 0.097 to 0.0109 μmol L-1. Finally, the developed method has been applied to the determination of aldehydes in drinking water, orange juice and apple vinegar samples with relative standard deviations (RSDs) < 3.1% and acceptable recovery rate (around of 80%).
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8
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A liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method based on post column derivatization for automated analysis of urinary hexanal and heptanal. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1493:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Oenning AL, Morés L, Dias AN, Carasek E. A new configuration for bar adsorptive microextraction (BAμE) for the quantification of biomarkers (hexanal and heptanal) in human urine by HPLC providing an alternative for early lung cancer diagnosis. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 965:54-62. [PMID: 28366212 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a remodeling of the bar adsorptive microextraction (BAμE) technique is proposed with impregnation of the derivatization reagent on the surface of the adsorptive bar containing a biosorbent material. The derivatization reagent was 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), which was adsorbed on the surface of the bar containing cork powder as the extractor phase for the determination of two aldehydes (hexanal and heptanal) which are known as lung cancer biomarkers in human urine samples. The derivatization reaction and the extraction occurred simultaneously on the surface of the bar (length 7.5 mm) under acidic conditions. The method optimization was carried out by univariate and multivariate analysis. The optimal conditions for the method were a DNPH to aldehydes ratio of 40:1, buffer solution of pH 4.0, extraction time of 60 min and liquid desorption of 10 min in 100 μL of acetonitrile. The aldehydes were analyzed by HPLC-DAD with a simple and fast (6 min) chromatographic run. The limits of detection (LODs) for hexanal and heptanal were 1.00 and 0.73 μmol L-1, respectively. The relative recoveries in urine samples ranged from 88 to 111% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) being less than 7%. The method developed is of low cost and can be successfully used for the quantification of these two lung cancer biomarkers in human urine samples, potentially providing an early diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Luiz Oenning
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, SC, Brazil
| | - Lucas Morés
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, SC, Brazil
| | - Adriana Neves Dias
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carasek
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, SC, Brazil.
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10
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Piri-Moghadam H, Lendor S, Pawliszyn J. Development of a Biocompatible In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction Device: A Sensitive Approach for Direct Analysis of Single Drops of Complex Matrixes. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12188-12195. [PMID: 28193058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Piri-Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L
3G1, Canada
| | - Sofia Lendor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L
3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L
3G1, Canada
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11
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Polydopamine/dialdehyde starch/chitosan composite coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction and in-situ derivation to analysis of two liver cancer biomarkers in human blood. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 935:113-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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El-Maghrabey M, Kishikawa N, Kuroda N. 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone as a mass-tagging reagent for ultra-sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay of aliphatic aldehydes in human serum. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1462:80-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Wang H, Wei S, Zhang H, Jia Q. Preconcentration of bisphenols by using calix[4]arene derivatives modified porous polymer monolith coupled with HPLC. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03352k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A functionalized calix[4]arene (alkenyl@C[4]A) was introduced into the poly(butyl methacrylate-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith inside a capillary to prepare a polymer monolith microextraction (PMME) material (poly(BMA-alkenyl@C[4]A-EDMA)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Shigang Wei
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Technology Research & Development Center
- Heilongjiang Tobacco Industrial Company
- Harbin 150000
- China
| | - Qiong Jia
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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14
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Ramezani Z, Mirzajani R, Kardani F. A novel ultrasound-assisted back extraction reverse micelles method coupled with gas chromatography–flame ionization detection for determination of aldehydes in heated edibles oils. Food Chem 2015; 188:30-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Liu JF, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Determination of hexanal and heptanal in human urine using magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with in-situ derivatization by high performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 2015; 136:54-9. [PMID: 25702985 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with in-situ derivatization (MSPE-ISD) was established for the determination of hexanal and heptanal in human urine. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) was used as the derivatization reagent that was adsorbed onto the surface of magnetite/silica/poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (Fe3O4/SiO2/P(MAA-co-EGDMA)). And then simultaneous extraction and derivatization of the aldehydes were performed on the DNPH-adsorbed Fe3O4/SiO2/P(MAA-co-EGDMA). The simple, rapid and sensitive determination of hexanal and heptanal can be accomplished within 9min. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) were 1.7 and 2.5nmol/L for hexanal and heptanal, respectively. The relative recoveries ranged from 72.8% to 91.4% with the intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) being less than 9.6%. Furthermore, the proposed method was successfully applied to determine endogenous hexanal and heptanal in human urine from healthy persons and lung cancer patients. The results showed the higher concentrations of hexanal and heptanal were observed in lung cancer patients compared to healthy controls. Thus, the developed MSPE-ISD method is suitable for the determination of aldehydes in urines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Bi-Feng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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16
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Zheng H, Li Z, Zhang J, Ma J, Zhou Y, Jia Q. Preparation of cucurbit[6]uril-modified polymer monolithic column for microextraction of nitroaromatics. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11944d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monolithic poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) capillary column incorporated with cucurbit[6]uril pseudorotaxane (CB[6]MR) was prepared and used in polymer monolith microextraction for the preconcentration of nitroaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Zheng
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Jingchun Zhang
- China-Japan Union Hospital
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130033
- China
| | - Jiutong Ma
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Qiong Jia
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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17
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Li J, Xu L, Yu QW, Shi ZG, Zhang T, Liu Y. Construction of a portable sample preparation device with a magnetic poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith as the extraction medium and its application in the enrichment of UV filters in water samples. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2732-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Tongji School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Li Xu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Qiong-Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Zhi-Guo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation; Shandong Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation; Shandong Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
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18
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Liu JF, Ding J, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with in situ derivatization for the highly sensitive determination of acidic phytohormones in rice leaves by UPLC-MS/MS. Analyst 2014; 139:5605-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01186d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Zheng H, Liu Q, Jia Q. Preparation of poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethyleneglyceldimethacrylate) monolithic column modified with β-cyclodextrin and nano-cuprous oxide and its application in polymer monolithic microextraction of polychlorinated biphenyls. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1343:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Lim JH, Park J, Oh EH, Ko HJ, Hong S, Park TH. Nanovesicle-based bioelectronic nose for the diagnosis of lung cancer from human blood. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:360-6. [PMID: 23868879 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A human nose-mimetic diagnosis system that can distinguish the odor of a lung cancer biomarker, heptanal, from human blood is presented. Selective recognition of the biomarker is mimicked in the human olfactory system. A specific olfactory receptor recognizing the chemical biomarker is first selected through screening a library of human olfactory receptors (hORs). The selected hOR is expressed on the membrane of human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells. Nanovesicles containing the hOR on the membrane are produced from these cells, and are then used for the functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes. This strategy allows the development of a sensitive and selective nanovesicle-based bioelectronic nose (NvBN). The NvBN is able to selectively detect heptanal at a concentration as low as 1 × 10(-14) m, a sufficient level to distinguish the blood of a lung cancer patient from the blood of a healthy person. In actual experiments, NvBN could detect an extremely small increase in the amount of heptanal from human blood plasma without any pretreatment processes. This result offers a rapid and easy method to analyze chemical biomarkers from human blood in real-time and to diagnose lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Lim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Juhun Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Eun Hae Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Hwi Jin Ko
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Seunghun Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
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21
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Chen F, Wang C, Zhang M, Zhang X, Liu Y, Ye J, Chu Q. Sensitive determination of endogenous hexanal and heptanal in urine by hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction prior to capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection. Talanta 2014; 119:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Determination of carbonyl compounds in particulate matter PM2.5 by in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to capillary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Talanta 2013; 115:876-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Chromatographic determination of aliphatic aldehydes in human serum after pre-column derivatization using 2,2′-furil, a novel fluorogenic reagent. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1300:199-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Li Y, Li W, Wang Y, Zhou H, Hu G, Zhang N, Sun C. Development of a solid-phase microextraction fiber coated with poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and its application for the determination of chlorophenols in water coupled with GC. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2121-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; School of the Environment, Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; School of the Environment, Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes; College of Environment, Hohai University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Haolin Zhou
- Agilent Technologies (Shanghai); Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Guanjiu Hu
- Environmental Monitor Center of Jiangsu Province; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Ninghong Zhang
- Environmental Monitor Center of Jiangsu Province; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; School of the Environment, Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
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25
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Solid phase analytical derivatization as a sample preparation method. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1296:204-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Advances in monolithic materials for sample preparation in drug and pharmaceutical analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Cobzac SC, Gocan S. CHROMATOGRAPHY: RECENT PROGRESS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.647193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Xu H, Yan Z, Song D. Development of a novel monolith frit-based solid-phase microextraction method for determination of hexanal and heptanal in human serum samples. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:713-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Cobzac SC, Gocan S. SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY: RECENT PROGRESS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.588064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Codruta Cobzac
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Babes-Bolyai University , Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Gocan
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Babes-Bolyai University , Cluj Napoca, Romania
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30
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On-line analysis of carbonyl compounds with derivatization in aqueous extracts of atmospheric particulate PM10 by in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4834-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Kataoka H, Saito K. Recent advances in SPME techniques in biomedical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:926-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Namera A, Nakamoto A, Saito T, Miyazaki S. Monolith as a new sample preparation material: Recent devices and applications. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:901-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Xu H, Wang S, Zhang G, Huang S, Song D, Zhou Y, Long G. A novel solid-phase microextraction method based on polymer monolith frit combining with high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of aldehydes in biological samples. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 690:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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KATAOKA H. Current Developments and Future Trends in Solid-phase Microextraction Techniques for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analyses. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:893-905. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Porous monoliths: sorbents for miniaturized extraction in biological analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:3345-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Zhu T, Row KH. Simultaneous Determination of Caffeine and Theophylline in Human Plasma with a Weak Cation Monolithic SPE-column. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Su R, Zhao X, Li Z, Jia Q, Liu P, Jia J. Poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of phthalate esters in cosmetics. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 676:103-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Baños CE, Silva M. Analysis of low-molecular mass aldehydes in drinking waters through capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2028-36. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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39
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Luo YB, Ma Q, Feng YQ. Stir rod sorptive extraction with monolithic polymer as coating and its application to the analysis of fluoroquinolones in honey sample. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3583-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Xu H, Lv L, Hu S, Song D. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of hexanal and heptanal in human blood by ultrasound-assisted headspace liquid-phase microextraction with in-drop derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2371-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 09/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Toniolo R, Susmel S, Dossi N, Pizzariello A, Martinis M, Bontempelli G. Amperometric Sniffer Based on Electrodes Supported on Ion-Exchangers for Monitoring the State of Turning Rancid of Lipids. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200900494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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42
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Lili L, Xu H, Song D, Cui Y, Hu S, Zhang G. Analysis of volatile aldehyde biomarkers in human blood by derivatization and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet method by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2365-70. [PMID: 20181347 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet method (DLLME-SFO) was developed for the determination of volatile aldehyde biomarkers (hexanal and heptanal) in human blood samples. In the derivatization and extraction procedure, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) as derivatization reagent and formic acid as catalyzer were injected into the sample solution for derivatization with aldehydes, then the formed hydrazones was rapidly extracted by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with 1-dodecanol as extraction solvent. After centrifugation, the floated droplet was solidified in an ice bath and was easily removed for analysis. The effects of various experimental parameters on derivatization and extraction conditions were studied, such as the kind and volume of extraction solvent and dispersive solvent, the amount of derivatization reagent, derivatization temperature and time, extraction time and salt effect. The limit of detections (LODs) for hexanal and heptanal were 7.90 and 2.34nmolL(-1), respectively. Good reproducibility and recovery of the method were also obtained. The proposed method is an alternative approach to the quantification of volatile aldehyde biomarkers in complex biological samples, being more rapid and simpler and providing higher sensitivity compared with the traditional dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv Lili
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
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43
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Kataoka H, Ishizaki A, Nonaka Y, Saito K. Developments and applications of capillary microextraction techniques: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 655:8-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Eggink M, Charret S, Wijtmans M, Lingeman H, Kool J, Niessen WMA, Irth H. Development of an on-line weak-cation exchange liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for screening aldehyde products in biological matrices. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3937-45. [PMID: 19880357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the development and optimization of an on-line weak-cation exchange SPE (WCXE) coupled to gradient HPLC with tandem MS detection. The system enables the selective purification and re-concentration of the in-vial derivatized aldehydes from plasma and urine samples. Aldehydes are important as biomarkers for oxidative stress. Using a derivatization cocktail consisting of 4-(2-(trimethylammonio)ethoxy)benzenaminium dibromide (4-APC) and NaBH3CN in the screening and detection of known and unknown aldehyde biomarkers, one can take advantage of the specific fragmentation characteristics of this derivatization reagent in MS/MS. The WCXE column gives the advantages of direct injection of the sample after protein precipitation and centrifugation into the WCXE-LC-MS/MS system. Injection volumes up to 50 microl can be injected without overloading the WCX column. Detection limits of 0.5 nM can be reached for the detection of the derivatized aldehydes. The system is robust with low intra-/inter-day variation in retention time and peak area. An in vitro model shows how derivatized aldehydes in human and rat plasma are detected. Finally, plasma treated with radical inducer shows elevated aldehyde species compared to untreated plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Eggink
- VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Section of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Saunders KC, Ghanem A, Boon Hon W, Hilder EF, Haddad PR. Separation and sample pre-treatment in bioanalysis using monolithic phases: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 652:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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46
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Baños CE, Silva M. Comparison of several sorbents for continuous in situ derivatization and preconcentration of low-molecular mass aldehydes prior to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric determination in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6554-9. [PMID: 19691962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study of six SPE conventional and non-conventional sorbent materials (silica RP-C18, LiChrolut EN, Amberlite XAD-2, C60 fullerene, multiwall carbon nanotubes and graphitized carbon black) was carried out for the in situ derivatization/preconcentration of eight aldehydes with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Although two of the sorbents, LiChrolut EN and RP-C18, turned out to be the most suitable for ultratrace analysis of the aldehydes, LiChrolut EN showed higher capacity for 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine trapping (higher efficiency for the in situ derivatization reaction) and superior performance in terms of sensitivity (likely a result of its increased sample breakthrough volume). The LiChrolut EN-based method combined with LC-MS/MS allowed the determination of aldehydes over the linear range of 0.02-15 microg l(-1), with limits of detection at 6-24 ng l(-1) and precision of 3.2-7.2%. The method was applied to determine low-molecular mass aldehydes in water samples. These results indicate that the method proposed is a straightforward and sensitive tool for the determination of these aldehydes in water samples providing better results than those LC-MS/MS reported alternatives in terms of the limit of detection, sample requirements for analysis and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Eugenia Baños
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marie-Curie Building (Annex), Campus of Rabanales, University of Cordoba, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain
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47
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Xu H, Song D, Cui Y, Hu S, Yu QW, Feng YQ. Analysis of Hexanal and Heptanal in Human Blood by Simultaneous Derivatization and Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction then LC–APCI–MS–MS. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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48
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Baños CE, Silva M. Determination of Low-Molecular-Mass Aldehydes in Water Samples by Liquid Chromatography and Chemiluminescence Detection Using Continuous in situ Derivatization/Preconcentration with Dansylhydrazine. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710902954474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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49
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Wu JY, Shi ZG, Feng YQ. Determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using derivatization combined with polymer monolith microextraction by high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:3981-3988. [PMID: 19397264 DOI: 10.1021/jf900434n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive method for the determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in coffee, honey, beer, Coke, and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is presented. This method is based on the formation of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of HMF and subsequent polymer monolith microextraction (PMME) of this derivative. A poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (MAA-co-EGDMA) monolithic capillary column was selected as the extraction medium. Several parameters affecting the derivatization of HMF with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) followed by extraction of the derivative were optimized. The procedure is simple and offers high sensitivity and specificity since the derivative of HMF is well preconcentrated by PMME with poly(MAA-co-EGDMA) monolith and well separated from the other components of the samples under examination. The recoveries in coffee, honey, beer, Coke, and urine samples were in the range of 83.9-110.8% spiked at different levels with HMF. The inter- and intraday precisions were less than 10%. The LOD (S/N = 3) and LOQ (S/N = 10) for HMF were 1.0 ng/mL and 3.4 ng/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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50
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BANOS C, SILVA M. In situ continuous derivatization/pre-concentration of carbonyl compounds with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in aqueous samples by solid-phase extractionApplication to liquid chromatography determination of aldehydes. Talanta 2009; 77:1597-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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