1
|
Fekete S, Lauber M, Xu M. Considering the selectivity of pore size gradient size exclusion chromatography columns. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1718:464726. [PMID: 38354505 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
One of the most significant performance determining variables of a size exclusion column is the pore size of its packing material. This is most definitely the case for assigning the suitability of a given column for differently sized analytes. As technologies for particle and column manufacturing continue to advance, it is worth contemplating the value of more finely controlled manipulation of this parameter. The change in a packing material's pores across the length of a size exclusion column was thus explored. A change in average pore diameter and pore size distribution was studied by means of theoretical modeling. These parameters were investigated for independent and combinatorial effects. From our predictions, versus tandem column chromatography, a gradient column apparatus does not yield sizable increases in monomer to dimer selectivity of any given critical pair. Instead, our modeling suggests it can yield more universally effective separations of multiple pairs of species at once, as is sometimes necessary when analyzing the high molecular weight components of highly aggregated drug substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Fekete
- Waters Corporation, located in CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jaekel A, Legelli M, Wirtz M, Meyer D, Schräder N, Streckel K, Lamotte S. Selectivity optimization in liquid chromatography via stationary phase tuning. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300204. [PMID: 37568243 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In striving for the best possible separation, the selectivity of stationary phases as an optimization parameter is often underestimated although there are many ways to influence this powerful tool. This review serves to provide an insight into the various ways of adapting the selectivity of a separation in liquid chromatography. Approaches via temperature and flow rate tuning are discussed as a basis followed by focusing on the stationary phase as the superior optimization parameter. Highly selective stationary phases hereby provide an advantage for groups of similar analytes. For more complex mixtures, separations can be improved using mixed-mode technologies where different retention mechanisms are combined. Serial coupling, mixed-bed columns, and stationary phase optimized selectivity liquid chromatography provide solutions to various degrees. Finally, the advantages of stationary phase tuning over adaption of mobile phase and/or temperature are presented in terms of optimum application range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jaekel
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Mo Legelli
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Michaela Wirtz
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Daniel Meyer
- Department of Analytical and Material Science, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schräder
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Kevin Streckel
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Stefan Lamotte
- Department of Analytical and Material Science, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gong X, Chen W, Zhang K, Li T, Song Q. Serially coupled column liquid chromatography: An alternative separation tool. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464278. [PMID: 37572536 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of liquid chromatography (LC) in recent decades, it remains a challenge to achieve the desired chromatographic separation of complex matrices using a single column. Multi-column LC techniques, particularly serially coupled column LC (SCC-LC), have emerged as a promising solution to overcome this challenge. While more attention has been focused on heart-cutting or comprehensive two-dimensional LC, reviews specifically focusing on SCC-LC, which offers advantages in terms of precision and facile instrumentation, are scarce. Here, our concerns are devoted to the progress summary regarding the instrumentation and applications of SCC-LC. Emphasis is placed on column selection aiming to enlarge peak capacity, selectivity, or both through the optimization of combination types (e.g. RPLC-RPLC, -RPLC-HILIC, and achiral-chiral LC), connection devices (e.g. zero dead volume connector, tubing, and T-type connector), elution program (i.e. isocratic or gradient) and detectors (e.g. mass spectrometer, ultraviolet detector, and fluorescence detector). The application of SCC-LC in pharmaceutical, biological, environmental, and food fields is also reviewed, and future perspectives and potential directions for SCC-LC are discussed. We envision that the review can give meaningful information to analytical scientists when facing heavy chromatographic separation tasks for complicated matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng Gong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qingqing Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fekete S, Lauber M. Studying the possibilities of dual stationary phase gradients to explore alternative selectivities in liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1681:463492. [PMID: 36116368 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on stationary phase gradients have inspired a new phase of theoretical work and an expansion of the concept to include multiple retention mechanisms. The theoretical work presented here corroborates previous reports that a stationary phase gradient can produce selectivity in a separation as effectively as careful adjustments to a mobile phase gradient program, especially when such column is operated in mobile phase gradient elution mode. In reality, no column is singularly based on one type of interaction mechanism, and many columns are nowadays designed to solicit multiple solute to stationary phase interactions. These mixed-mode columns inspired us to give more careful consideration to the idea of dual stationary phase gradients. With the theory applied here, it is suggested that the modulation of two unique interaction mechanisms across a chromatographic column has the potential to open up previously unseen selectivities. With the increasing prevalence of mixed-mode columns, we believe there will be ample opportunity to explore these new concepts in experimental work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Fekete
- Waters Corporation, located in CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Matthew Lauber
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Are Two Liquid Chromatography Columns in Tandem Better Than One?: Answers from the Hydrophobic Subtraction Model. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1668:462890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
6
|
Coupling of chiral and achiral stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography: evaluating and improving retention prediction. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1667:462883. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
7
|
Turnpenny P, Dickie A, Malec J, McClements J. Retention-directed and selectivity controlled chromatographic resolution: Rapid post-hoc analysis of DMPK samples to achieve high-throughput LC-MS separation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1164:122514. [PMID: 33477099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High quality chromatographic separation underpins robustness in LC-MS, frequently the analytical method of choice for pharmaceutical drug discovery work. The potential improvements in chromatographic selectivity afforded by serial column coupling (SCC), provide a useful means to enhance the resolution of complex samples. In this work, we present a revised high-throughput form of SCC, in which just two individual mixed phase columns were coupled together and combined with a gradient-optimised, retention-directed ultra-high pressure method to achieve rapid separations, with no further method optimisation necessary. The overall performance was evaluated from an open access DMPK analytical working environment perspective; where in anticipation of bioanalytical or metabolite identification chromatography challenges, or with the knowledge that stronger resolution was required for in-vitro sample analysis, the methodology could be immediately implemented by the analyst. Retention-directed selection of a shallow SCC gradient method was successful in separating peaks throughout the chromatographic window, resulting in a runtime still congruent to high-throughput analyses (3.5 min). In-vitro assay sample interferences were resolved 44-72% of the time, and the overall resolving power for isomeric separations significantly improved against single column comparisons (1.7-fold mean RS improvement). Over a sustained period of time in our laboratory, SCC methods have been used for metabolite identification and bioanalytical samples, where both convenience and effectiveness in solving analytical challenges has been consistently demonstrated. Examples that highlight SCC chromatography, and a guided discussion of the main high-throughput considerations, are included. The technique offers wide applicability, and we would recommend it as a toolbox consideration to the laboratory analyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Turnpenny
- Evotec, Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Abingdon, Oxon, UK
| | - Anthony Dickie
- Evotec, Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Abingdon, Oxon, UK.
| | - Jed Malec
- Evotec, Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Abingdon, Oxon, UK
| | - Jordan McClements
- Evotec, Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Abingdon, Oxon, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Codesido S, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Algorithms to optimize multi-column chromatographic separations of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1637:461838. [PMID: 33422794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to provide a technical solution for the automated optimization of multi-column systems for protein separation and fractionation. Both algorithm and a software that can be downloaded are provided. In this algorithm, the length and order of the individual column segments can be considered. Various solutions are provided by the algorithm, including i) to obtain uniform peak distribution, ii) to park the different species at the inlet of the individual column segments, and iii) to elute all species as a single peak. Two representative examples are presented, showing the possibility to obtain uniform selectivity between monoclonal antibody (mAb) sub-units, and the on-column fractioning of intact mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Codesido
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stationary-phase optimized selectivity in supercritical fluid chromatography using a customized Phase OPtimized Liquid Chromatography kit: comparison of different prediction approaches. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6553-6565. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
10
|
Fekete S, Ritchie H, Lawhorn J, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Improving selectivity and performing online on-column fractioning in liquid chromatography for the separation of therapeutic biopharmaceutical products. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1618:460901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
Codesido S, Rudaz S, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D, Desmet G, Fekete S. Impact of particle size gradients on the apparent efficiency of chromatographic columns. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1603:208-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
12
|
Cain CN, Forzano AV, Rutan SC, Collinson MM. Destructive stationary phase gradients for reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1570:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
13
|
Fekete S, Codesido S, Rudaz S, Guillarme D, Horváth K. Apparent efficiency of serially coupled columns in isocratic and gradient elution modes. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1571:121-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
14
|
Jeong LN, Rutan SC. Simulation of elution profiles in liquid chromatography – III. Stationary phase gradients. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1564:128-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
15
|
Alvarez-Segura T, Torres-Lapasió JR, García-Alvarez-Coque MC. Updating chromatographic predictions by accounting ageing for single and tandem columns. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2719-2730. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
16
|
Hegade RS, De Beer M, Lynen F. Chiral stationary phase optimized selectivity liquid chromatography: A strategy for the separation of chiral isomers. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1515:109-117. [PMID: 28811101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chiral Stationary-Phase Optimized Selectivity Liquid Chromatography (SOSLC) is proposed as a tool to optimally separate mixtures of enantiomers on a set of commercially available coupled chiral columns. This approach allows for the prediction of the separation profiles on any possible combination of the chiral stationary phases based on a limited number of preliminary analyses, followed by automated selection of the optimal column combination. Both the isocratic and gradient SOSLC approach were implemented for prediction of the retention times for a mixture of 4 chiral pairs on all possible combinations of the 5 commercial chiral columns. Predictions in isocratic and gradient mode were performed with a commercially available and with an in-house developed Microsoft visual basic algorithm, respectively. Optimal predictions in the isocratic mode required the coupling of 4 columns whereby relative deviations between the predicted and experimental retention times ranged between 2 and 7%. Gradient predictions led to the coupling of 3 chiral columns allowing baseline separation of all solutes, whereby differences between predictions and experiments ranged between 0 and 12%. The methodology is a novel tool allowing optimizing the separation of mixtures of optical isomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Suryakant Hegade
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4 Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4 Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dispersed Mobile-Phase Countercurrent Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/separations3040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
18
|
Stationary phase modulation in liquid chromatography through the serial coupling of columns: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 923:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
19
|
Dewoolkar VC, Jeong LN, Cook DW, Ashraf KM, Rutan SC, Collinson MM. Amine Gradient Stationary Phases on In-House Built Monolithic Columns for Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5941-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Veeren C. Dewoolkar
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
| | - Lena N. Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
| | - Daniel W. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
| | - Kayesh M. Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
| | - Sarah C. Rutan
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
| | - Maryanne M. Collinson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Breidbach A, Ulberth F. Two-dimensional heart-cut LC-LC improves accuracy of exact-matching double isotope dilution mass spectrometry measurements of aflatoxin B1 in cereal-based baby food, maize, and maize-based feed. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 407:3159-67. [PMID: 25015044 PMCID: PMC4383822 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins, mycotoxins of fungi of the Aspergillus sp., pose a risk to consumer health and are, therefore, regulated by more than 100 countries. To facilitate method development and validation as well as assessment of measurement capabilities, availability of certified reference materials and proficiency testing schemes is important. For these purposes, highly accurate determinations of the aflatoxin content in the materials used are necessary. We describe here the use of two-dimensional heart-cut LC-LC in combination with exact-matching double isotope dilution mass spectrometry to determine the content of aflatoxin B1 in three materials used in a proficiency testing scheme. The serious reduction in ionization suppression afforded by the two-dimensional heart-cut LC-LC had a positive effect on the precision of the measured isotope ratios of the exact-matching double isotope dilution mass spectrometry. This is evidenced by the expanded measurement uncertainty (k = 2) of 0.017 μg/kg or 8.9 % relative to a mass fraction of aflatoxin B1 in a cereal-based baby food of 0.197 μg/kg. This value is in perfect agreement with the consensus value of this material from a proficiency test (PT) scheme for National Reference Laboratories executed by the European Reference Laboratory for Mycotoxins. The effort necessary to perform the described methodology precludes its frequent use but for specific applications we see it as a valuable tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Breidbach
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, 2440 Geel, Belgium.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Separation of transition and heavy metals using stationary phase gradients and thin layer chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1446:141-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
22
|
Fekete S, Beck A, Guillarme D. Characterization of cation exchanger stationary phases applied for the separations of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 111:169-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
23
|
Alvarez-Segura T, Ortiz-Bolsico C, Torres-Lapasió J, García-Álvarez-Coque M. Serial versus parallel columns using isocratic elution: A comparison of multi-column approaches in mono-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1390:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
24
|
Ortiz-Bolsico C, Torres-Lapasió J, García-Alvarez-Coque M. Optimisation of gradient elution with serially-coupled columns Part II: Multi-linear gradients. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1373:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
25
|
Delahaye S, Lynen F. Implementing Stationary-Phase Optimized Selectivity in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2014; 86:12220-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503313j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sander Delahaye
- Separation Science Group,
Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan
281 S4-bis, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Lynen
- Separation Science Group,
Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan
281 S4-bis, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li D, Dück R, Schmitz OJ. The advantage of mixed-mode separation in the first dimension of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid-chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1358:128-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
27
|
Ortiz-Bolsico C, Torres-Lapasió J, García-Alvarez-Coque M. Optimisation of gradient elution with serially-coupled columns. Part I: Single linear gradients. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1350:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
28
|
Socia A, Foley JP. Sequential elution liquid chromatography can significantly increase the probability of a successful separation by simultaneously increasing the peak capacity and reducing the separation disorder. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1324:36-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
29
|
Kannan B, Nokura K, Alvarez JC, Higgins DA, Collinson MM. Fabrication of surface charge gradients in open-tubular capillaries and their characterization by spatially resolved pulsed streaming potential measurements. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:15260-15265. [PMID: 24274139 DOI: 10.1021/la402934m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface charge gradients have been formed on the inside surface of 75 μm i.d. silica capillaries via controlled rate infusion using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as the reactive precursor. These 400 mm length gradients have been characterized using spatially resolved streaming potential measurements, from which the zeta potential as a function of distance was determined. The gradient capillaries exhibited a gradual variation in zeta potential from top to bottom, whereas uniformly modified and as-received capillaries were relatively homogeneous along their length. For a gradient prepared with a relatively high concentration of aminosilane, the zeta potential changed over 60 mV from one end of the capillary to the other, yielding a variation in the magnitude of the apparent surface charge of ~7 fold. By changing the concentration of the aminoalkoxysilane and/or the rate of infusion, both the value of the zeta potential (and hence surface charge) and its spatial profile (i.e., rate of change with distance) could be manipulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balamurali Kannan
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Simultaneous optimization of mobile phase composition, column nature and length to analyse complex samples using serially coupled columns. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1317:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
31
|
Fekete S, Dong MW, Zhang T, Guillarme D. High resolution reversed phase analysis of recombinant monoclonal antibodies by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography column coupling. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 83:273-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
32
|
Ortiz-Bolsico C, Torres-Lapasió J, Ruiz-Ángel M, García-Álvarez-Coque M. Comparison of two serially coupled column systems and optimization software in isocratic liquid chromatography for resolving complex mixtures. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1281:94-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
33
|
Chen K, Lynen F, Szucs R, Hanna-Brown M, Sandra P. Gradient stationary phase optimized selectivity liquid chromatography with conventional columns. Analyst 2013; 138:2914-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an36797e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Oertel R, Pietsch J, Arenz N, Zeitz SG, Goltz L, Kirch W. Simultaneous determination of drugs in human autopsy material using phase-optimized liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:1608-16. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Oertel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden; Fiedlerstr. 27; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - J. Pietsch
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden
| | - N. Arenz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden; Fiedlerstr. 27; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - S. G. Zeitz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden; Fiedlerstr. 27; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - L. Goltz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden; Fiedlerstr. 27; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - W. Kirch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; Technical University Dresden; Fiedlerstr. 27; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kuklenyik Z, Calafat AM, Barr JR, Pirkle JL. Design of online solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) hyphenated systems for quantitative analysis of small organic compounds in biological matrices. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3606-18. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
36
|
Kannan B, Marin MA, Shrestha K, Higgins DA, Collinson MM. Continuous stationary phase gradients for planar chromatographic media. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:9406-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
37
|
Chen K, Lynen F, De Beer M, Hitzel L, Ferguson P, Hanna-Brown M, Sandra P. Selectivity optimization in green chromatography by gradient stationary phase optimized selectivity liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7222-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
38
|
De Beer M, Lynen F, Chen K, Ferguson P, Hanna-Brown M, Sandra P. Stationary-Phase Optimized Selectivity Liquid Chromatography: Development of a Linear Gradient Prediction Algorithm. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1733-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902287v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten De Beer
- Pfizer Analytical Research Centre, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4 Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Research Analytics, Pfizer Global R & D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K., and Analytical R&D, Pfizer Global R & D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Fréderic Lynen
- Pfizer Analytical Research Centre, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4 Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Research Analytics, Pfizer Global R & D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K., and Analytical R&D, Pfizer Global R & D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Kai Chen
- Pfizer Analytical Research Centre, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4 Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Research Analytics, Pfizer Global R & D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K., and Analytical R&D, Pfizer Global R & D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Paul Ferguson
- Pfizer Analytical Research Centre, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4 Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Research Analytics, Pfizer Global R & D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K., and Analytical R&D, Pfizer Global R & D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Melissa Hanna-Brown
- Pfizer Analytical Research Centre, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4 Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Research Analytics, Pfizer Global R & D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K., and Analytical R&D, Pfizer Global R & D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Pat Sandra
- Pfizer Analytical Research Centre, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4 Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, Research Analytics, Pfizer Global R & D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K., and Analytical R&D, Pfizer Global R & D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lu J, Ji M, Ludewig R, Scriba GK, Chen DY. Application of phase optimized liquid chromatography to oligopeptide separations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:764-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
40
|
Currivan S, Connolly D, Gillespie E, Paull B. Fabrication and characterisation of capillary polymeric monoliths incorporating continuous stationary phase gradients. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:484-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
41
|
Zedda M, Tuerk J, Teutenberg T, Peil S, Schmidt T. A strategy for the systematic development of a liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric screening method for polymer electrolyte membrane degradation products using isocratic and gradient phase optimized liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:8910-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
42
|
Beer M, Lynen F, Hanna-Brown M, Sandra P. Multiple Step Gradient Analysis in Stationary Phase Optimised Selectivity LC for the Analysis of Complex Mixtures. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
43
|
Sreedhar B, Seidel-Morgenstern A. Preparative separation of multi-component mixtures using stationary phase gradients. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1215:133-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
44
|
Louw S, Pereira AS, Lynen F, Hanna-Brown M, Sandra P. Serial coupling of reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography to broaden the elution window for the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1208:90-4. [PMID: 18771775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is presently a common practice in drug discovery to analyse samples by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). To increase throughput, HILIC was connected in series to RPLC by means of a T-piece with make-up flow. The first column is a 2mm I.D. column having an optimal flow between 0.1 and 0.2mL/min. Via the T-piece, the flow for the second dimension column with an I.D. of 4.6mm is adjusted to 1.5-2.0mL/min with a high acetonitrile content (i.e. >/=80%) mobile phase. Therefore, even in gradient RPLC analysis starting with a mobile phase with high water content, the HILIC column is always operated at high acetonitrile concentration which is required to obtain retention on the HILIC column. The performance of the hyphenated RPLC/HILIC set-up is illustrated with the analysis of two model samples of pharmaceutical interest. Optimization of the conditions in the HILIC dimension is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Louw
- Pfizer Analytical Research Centre - Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sardella R, Lämmerhofer M, Natalini B, Lindner W. In-line coupling of a reversed-phase column to cope with limited chemoselectivity of a quinine carbamate-based anion-exchange type chiral stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1702-11. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
46
|
Kuehnle M, Rehbein J, Holtin K, Dietrich B, Gradl M, Yeman H, Albert K. Phase optimized liquid chromatography as an instrument for steroid analysis. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1655-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
47
|
Detection of low-abundance impurities in synthetic thyroid hormones by stationary phase optimized liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:279-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|