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Verscheure L, Vanhoenacker G, Schneider S, Merchiers T, Storms J, Sandra P, Lynen F, Sandra K. 3D-LC-MS with 2D Multimethod Option for Fully Automated Assessment of Multiple Attributes of Monoclonal Antibodies Directly from Cell Culture Supernatants. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6502-6511. [PMID: 35442636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fully automated analysis of multiple structural attributes of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using three-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (3D-LC-MS) is described. The analyzer combines Protein A affinity chromatography in the first dimension (1D) with a multimethod option in the second dimension (2D) (choice between size exclusion (SEC), cation exchange (CEX), and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC)) and desalting SEC-MS in the third dimension (3D). This innovative 3D-LC-MS setup allows simultaneous and sequential assessment of mAb titer, size/charge/hydrophobic variants, molecular weight (MW), amino acid (AA) sequence, and post-translational modifications (PTMs) directly from cell culture supernatants. The reported methodology that finds multiple uses throughout the biopharmaceutical development trajectory was successfully challenged by the analysis of different trastuzumab and tocilizumab samples originating from biosimilar development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesa Verscheure
- RIC Group, President Kennedypark 26, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.,Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sonja Schneider
- Agilent Technologies, Hewlett-Packard Strasse 8, D-76337 Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Tom Merchiers
- RIC Group, President Kennedypark 26, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Julie Storms
- RIC Group, President Kennedypark 26, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Pat Sandra
- RIC Group, President Kennedypark 26, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.,Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Sandra
- RIC Group, President Kennedypark 26, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.,Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Wicht K, Baert M, Muller M, Bandini E, Schipperges S, von Doehren N, Desmet G, de Villiers A, Lynen F. Comprehensive two-dimensional temperature-responsive × reversed phase liquid chromatography for the analysis of wine phenolics. Talanta 2022; 236:122889. [PMID: 34635268 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are an interesting class of natural products because of their proposed contribution to health benefits of foods and beverages and as a bio-source of organic (aromatic) building blocks. Phenolic extracts from natural products are often highly complex and contain compounds covering a broad range in molecular properties. While many 1D-LC and mass spectrometric approaches have been proposed for the analysis of phenolics, this complexity inevitably leads to challenging identification and purification. New insights into the composition of phenolic extracts can be obtained through online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) coupled to photodiode array and mass spectrometric detection. However, several practical hurdles must be overcome to achieve high peak capacities and to obtain robust methods with this technique. In many LC × LC configurations, refocusing of analytes at the head of the 2D column is hindered by the high eluotropic strength of the solvent transferred from the 1D to the 2D, leading to peak breakthrough or broadening. LC × LC combinations whereby a purely aqueous mobile phase is used in the 1D and RPLC is used in the 2D are unaffected by these phenomena, leading to more robust methods. In this contribution, the combination of temperature-responsive liquid chromatography (TRLC) with RPLC is used for the first time for the analysis of phenolic extracts of natural origin to illustrate the potential of this alternative combination for natural product analyses. The possibilities of the combination are investigated through analysis of wine extracts by TRLC × RPLC-DAD and TRLC × RPLC-ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Wicht
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathijs Baert
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Magriet Muller
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Elena Bandini
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sonja Schipperges
- Agilent Technologies, Hewlett Packard St 8, D-76337, Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Norwin von Doehren
- Agilent Technologies, Netherlands BV, NL-4330, EA, Middelburg, Netherlands
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussel, Belgium
| | - André de Villiers
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Ampe A, Wicht K, Baert M, Broeckhoven K, Lynen F. Investigation of the potential of mixed solvent mobile phases in temperature-responsive liquid chromatography (TRLC). Analyst 2021; 146:6990-6996. [PMID: 34668892 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Temperature-responsive liquid chromatography (TRLC) allows for extensive retention and selectivity tuning through temperature in HPLC. This is mainly achieved through the use of a stationary phases comprising of a temperature-responsive polymer which undergoes a reversible change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic behaviour upon increasing the temperature. The approach can allow for reversed phase type separations to be achieved with purely aqueous mobile phases, whereby the retention is controlled through temperature instead of mobile phase composition. Despite the promising nature of such form of retention control under isocratic mobile phase conditions, TRLC can suffer from excessive retention of highly apolar solutes even at lower column temperatures whereby the polymer is considered hydrophilic. This is related both to a residual apolarity of the polymer chain and due to the high log P's and low water solubility of higly apolar compounds. While it was known that elution in TRLC doesn't necessarily has to be performed under purely aqueous conditions and that the use of organic co-solvents to the water is possible, the impact thereof on the temperature responsive behaviour itself had not yet been investigated in a systematic way. Therefore in this work the advantages and drawbacks of the use of the organic co-solvents methanol and acetonitrile in TRLC is assessed on two types of temperature reponsive phases: poly-N-N-propylacrylamide (PNNPAAm) and poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAm). The influence of organic co-solvents is investigated with two representative test mixtures (comprising 4 parabens and 5 apolar steroids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan Ampe
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Kristina Wicht
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Mathijs Baert
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Ken Broeckhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Belgium.
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Ameur E, Sarra M, Yosra D, Mariem K, Nabil A, Lynen F, Larbi KM. Correction to: Chemical composition of essential oils of eight Tunisian Eucalyptus species and their antibacterial activity against strains responsible for otitis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:241. [PMID: 34583664 PMCID: PMC8477558 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elaissi Ameur
- Chemical, Pharmacological and Gallenic Development Laboratory, University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy, Avenue Avicennne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Moumni Sarra
- Chemical, Pharmacological and Gallenic Development Laboratory, University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy, Avenue Avicennne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Derbali Yosra
- Chemical, Pharmacological and Gallenic Development Laboratory, University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy, Avenue Avicennne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Khouja Mariem
- University of Carthage, The National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, INRGREF, Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, BP 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Abid Nabil
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances LR99ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,High Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4 Bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Khouja Mohamed Larbi
- University of Carthage, The National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, INRGREF, Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, BP 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
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Baert M, Wicht K, Moussa A, Desmet G, Broeckhoven K, Lynen F. Implementations of temperature gradients in temperature-responsive liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462425. [PMID: 34425285 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Temperature Responsive Liquid Chromatography (TRLC) offers an alternative and environmentally friendly way to perform reversed-phase like separations. Its use of temperature responsive polymers to control retention based on column temperature, instead of the fraction of organic modifier in the mobile phase mobile, eliminates the need for solvent composition gradients and allows, for example, for purely aqueous separations. In principle this temperature induced retention should allow for gradient elutions to be performed using downward temperature gradients to control retention and refocus the analyte peaks. Yet, the unavailability of dedicated commercial temperature controlling systems allowing suitable temperature control in TRLC limits implementations thereof often to isothermal or step gradient applications. In this work we study the potential of 1) a simple yet programmable water bath and of 2) a modified HPLC system allowing column temperature programming through controlled mixing of a warm and cold mobile phase streams. The performance of both systems was evaluated under both isocratic and gradient applications, resulting in a more thorough understanding of the influence of temperature gradients in TRLC. This knowledge is then applied to a sample of phenolic solutes, illustrating that, although both systems have some flaws, both are able to impose temperature gradients in TRLC resulting in significantly reduced retention and enhanced refocusing of the analyte peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs Baert
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Kristina Wicht
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Ali Moussa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussel B-1050, Belgium
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussel B-1050, Belgium
| | - Ken Broeckhoven
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussel B-1050, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.
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Ameur E, Sarra M, Yosra D, Mariem K, Nabil A, Lynen F, Larbi KM. Chemical composition of essential oils of eight Tunisian Eucalyptus species and their antibacterial activity against strains responsible for otitis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:209. [PMID: 34384412 PMCID: PMC8359536 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03379-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The chemical composition and biological activity of Eucalyptus essential oils have been studied extensively (EOs). A few of them were tested for antibacterial effectiveness against otitis strains. The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the EOs of eight Tunisian Eucalyptus species were assessed in the present study. Methods Hydrodistillation was used to extract EOs from the dried leaves of eight Eucalyptus species: Eucalyptus accedens, Eucalyptus punctata, Eucalyptus robusta, Eucalyptus bosistoana, Eucalyptus cladocalyx, Eucalyptus lesouefii, Eucalyptus melliodora and Eucalyptus wandoo. They are assessed by GC/MS and GC/FID and evaluated for antibacterial activity using agar diffusion and broth microdilution techniques against three bacterial isolates (Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and three reference bacteria strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ATTC 9027; Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC 6538; and Escherichia coli, ATCC 8739). Furthermore, the selected twenty-one major compounds and all values of the inhibition zone diameters were subjected to further statistical analysis using PCA and HCA. Results The EO yields of the studied Eucalyptus species range from 1.4 ± 0.4% to 5.2 ± 0.3%. Among all the species studied, E. lesouefii had the greatest mean percentage of EOs. The identification of 128 components by GC (RI) and GC/MS allowed for 93.6% – 97.7% of the total oil to be identified. 1,8-cineole was the most abundant component found, followed by α-pinene, p-cymene, and globulol. The chemical components of the eight EOs, extracted from the leaves of Eucalyptus species, were clustered into seven groups using PCA and HCA analyses, with each group forming a chemotype. The PCA and HCA analyses of antibacterial activity, on the other hand, identified five groups. Conclusion The oils of E. melliodora, E. bosistoana, and E. robusta show promise as antibiotic alternatives in the treatment of otitis media. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03379-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaissi Ameur
- Chemical, Pharmacological and Gallenic Development Laboratory, University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy, Avenue Avicennne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Moumni Sarra
- Chemical, Pharmacological and Gallenic Development Laboratory, University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy, Avenue Avicennne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Derbali Yosra
- Chemical, Pharmacological and Gallenic Development Laboratory, University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy, Avenue Avicennne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kouja Mariem
- University of Carthage, The National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, INRGREF, Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, BP 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Abid Nabil
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances LR99ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,High Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4 Bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Khouja Mohamed Larbi
- University of Carthage, The National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, INRGREF, Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, BP 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia
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Verscheure L, Cerdobbel A, Sandra P, Lynen F, Sandra K. Monoclonal antibody charge variant characterization by fully automated four-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462409. [PMID: 34325295 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Fully automated characterization of monoclonal antibody (mAb) charge variants using four-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (4D-LC-MS) is reported and illustrated. Charge variants resolved by cation-exchange chromatography (CEX) using a salt- or pH-gradient are collected in loops installed on a multiple heart-cutting valve and consequently subjected to online desalting, denaturation, reduction and trypsin digestion prior to LC-MS based peptide mapping. This innovation which substantially reduces turnaround time, sample manipulation, loss and artefacts and increases information gathering, is described in great technical detail, and applied to characterize the charge heterogeneity associated with three therapeutic mAbs. Sequence coverages > 95% are obtained for major and minor charge variants (> 1.0%). Post-translational modifications (PTMs) and modification sites are readily revealed in a repeatable manner including unstable succinimide intermediates which are not maintained when performing classical in-solution overnight digestion of offline collected CEX peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesa Verscheure
- RIC group, President Kennedypark 26, Kortrijk 8500, Belgium; Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - An Cerdobbel
- RIC group, President Kennedypark 26, Kortrijk 8500, Belgium
| | - Pat Sandra
- RIC group, President Kennedypark 26, Kortrijk 8500, Belgium; Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Koen Sandra
- RIC group, President Kennedypark 26, Kortrijk 8500, Belgium; Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.
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Verscheure L, Oosterlynck M, Cerdobbel A, Sandra P, Lynen F, Sandra K. Middle-up characterization of monoclonal antibodies by online reduction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1637:461808. [PMID: 33385741 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the fully automated middle-up characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and next-generation variants by online reduction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Proteins were trapped on-column and subjected to online desalting, denaturation and reduction prior to reversed phase elution of the created subunits in the MS. The evaluation of more than 20 different therapeutic proteins including full length mAbs (subclasses IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4), bispecific antibodies, antibody fragments, fusion proteins and antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) revealed that the online reduction method is as powerful as the widely applied offline sample preparation with dithiothreitol (DTT) as reducing agent and guanidine hydrochloride (Gnd.HCl) as denaturant and tackles some major disadvantages associated with the latter method, i.e. corrosion of stainless steel components, adduct formation impacting spectral quality and sample stability. The value of the online reduction LC-MS method is also enforced by its ability to reveal unstable antibody variants such as succinimide intermediates of asparagine deamidation and aspartic acid isomerization which are often lost when using the offline sample preparation method. The performance of the online reduction LC-MS set-up was verified and it was revealed that the method is precise with RSD values below 0.25% and 3.0% for retention time and area, respectively. Carry-over is within acceptable limits (< 0.5%) and the reducing buffer is stable up to 24 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesa Verscheure
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie Oosterlynck
- Chemistry Department, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, bus 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Cerdobbel
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Pat Sandra
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Sandra
- Research Institute for Chromatography (RIC), President Kennedypark 26, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Wicht K, Baert M, Kajtazi A, Schipperges S, von Doehren N, Desmet G, de Villiers A, Lynen F. Pharmaceutical impurity analysis by comprehensive two-dimensional temperature responsive × reversed phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1630:461561. [PMID: 32992220 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the possibilities of temperature responsive × reversed phase liquid chromatography (TRLC × RPLC) are assessed in terms of pharmaceutical impurity analysis. Due to the increased peak capacity per unit time they offer, two-dimensional LC approaches are gaining relevance for the analysis of complex drug formulations. Because the latter depicts a larger predisposition for the occurrence of an increased number of impurities, current 1D-HPLC approaches often prove insufficient. Since many LC × LC methods are limited by modulation, solvent compatibility, orthogonality, and sensitivity issues, the combination of TRLC × RPLC is explored in this work for pharmaceutical impurity analysis. As this combination of a purely aqueous separation with RPLC allows for systematic and optimization-free refocusing in the second dimension, it opens possibilities for generic LC × LC requiring minimal to no method development, in this way overcoming a major perceived contemporary hurdle of LC × LC. The approach is demonstrated with a representative mixture of 17 solutes comprising 11 corticosteroids and 6 progestogens. Orthogonality and peak capacities were assessed on three RP core-shell column selectivities (Poroshell EC-C18, phenyl-hexyl and PFP). Although the TRLC × EC-C18 combination offered somewhat better orthogonality, the combination with the PFP column proved the best for the separation at hand. Depending on the composition of the mixture, the use of full, shifted, or segmented gradients allowed facile optimization of the separation. The developed platform allowed detection of the impurities at the 0.05% level compared to a selected main compound, while also opening up possibilities for analysis of formulations comprising two active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Wicht
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathijs Baert
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ardiana Kajtazi
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sonja Schipperges
- Agilent Technologies, Hewlett Packard St 8, D-76337 Waldbronn, Germany
| | | | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - André de Villiers
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Hegade RS, Chen K, Boon JP, Hellings M, Wicht K, Lynen F. Development of an achiral-chiral 2-dimensional heart-cutting platform for enhanced pharmaceutical impurity analysis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1628:461425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Baert M, Wicht K, Hou Z, Szucs R, Prez FD, Lynen F. Exploration of the Selectivity and Retention Behavior of Alternative Polyacrylamides in Temperature Responsive Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9815-9822. [PMID: 32598128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Temperature responsive liquid chromatography (TRLC) allows for separation of organic solutes in purely aqueous mobile phases whereby retention is controlled through temperature. The vast majority of the work has thus far been performed on poly[N-isopropylacrylamide] (PNIPAAm)-based columns, while the performance of other temperature responsive polymers has rarely been compared under identical conditions. Therefore, in this work, two novel TRLC phases based on poly[N-n-propylacrylamide] (PNNPAAm) and poly[N,N-diethylacrylamide] (PDEAAm) are reported and compared to the state of the art PNIPAAm based column. Optimal comparison is thereby obtained by the use of controlled radical polymerizations, identical molecular weights, and by maximizing carbon loads on the silica supporting material. Analysis of identical test mixtures of homologue series and pharmaceutical samples revealed that PNNPAAm performs in a similar way as PNIPAAm while offering enhanced retention and a shift of the useable temperature range toward lower temperatures. PDEAAm offers a range of novel possibilities as it depicts a different selectivity, allowing for enhanced resolution in TRLC in, for example, coupled column systems. Reduced plate heights of 3 could be obtained on the homemade columns, offering the promise for reasonable column efficiencies in TRLC despite the use of bulky polymers as stationary phases in HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs Baert
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristina Wicht
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zhanyao Hou
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roman Szucs
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Wardenier N, Gorbanev Y, Van Moer I, Nikiforov A, Van Hulle SWH, Surmont P, Lynen F, Leys C, Bogaerts A, Vanraes P. Removal of alachlor in water by non-thermal plasma: Reactive species and pathways in batch and continuous process. Water Res 2019; 161:549-559. [PMID: 31233967 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are emerging contaminants frequently detected in the aquatic environment. In this work, a novel approach combining activated carbon adsorption, oxygen plasma treatment and ozonation was studied for the removal of the persistent chlorinated pesticide alachlor. A comparison was made between the removal efficiency and energy consumption for two different reactor operation modes: batch-recirculation and single-pass mode. The kinetics study revealed that the insufficient removal of alachlor by adsorption was significantly improved in terms of degradation efficiency and energy consumption when combined with the plasma treatment. The best efficiency (ca. 80% removal with an energy cost of 19.4 kWh m-³) was found for the single-pass operational mode of the reactor. In the batch-recirculating process, a complete elimination of alachlor by plasma treatment was observed after 30 min of treatment. Analysis of the reactive species induced by plasma in aqueous solutions showed that the decomposition of alachlor mainly occurred through a radical oxidation mechanism, with a minor contribution of long-living oxidants (O3, H2O2). Investigation of the alachlor oxidation pathways revealed six different oxidation mechanisms, including the loss of aromaticity which was never before reported for plasma-assisted degradation of aromatic pesticides. It was revealed that the removal rate and energy cost could be further improved with more than 50% by additional O3 gas bubbling in the solution reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Wardenier
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Yury Gorbanev
- PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ineke Van Moer
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Anton Nikiforov
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn W H Van Hulle
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Pieter Surmont
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Leys
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Vanraes
- PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
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13
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Monteiro L, Moens T, Lynen F, Traunspurger W. Effects of the water-soluble fraction of a crude oil on freshwater meiofauna and nematode assemblages. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 176:186-195. [PMID: 30928890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oil water-soluble fractions (WSFs) compounds have low persistence in water; evaporating in a matter of hours to days. Nonetheless, they pose high toxicity to exposed biota. Their effects may be instantaneous or delayed, affecting, respectively, mainly survival vs growth and reproduction. We investigated the effects of crude oil WSFs on freshwater meiobenthos, with a focus on nematode assemblages, in community microcosm experiments lasting 15 weeks. Treatments consisted of the application of different concentrations of oil WSFs, i.e. high (100%) medium (50%) and low (10%), and effects were assessed one, three, nine and 15 weeks after contamination, allowing us to detect both short-term and lasting effects of oil-WSF. Additionally, we compared the effects of a single contamination event with those of a so-called 'constant' oil-WSF contamination where we replenished evaporated water with water containing the medium concentration of oil WSF. Next to nematodes, the most abundant meiofaunal taxa were rotifers, gastrotrichs, oligochaetes and tardigrades. Total abundance, different diversity indices, the composition of feeding-types and the age structure were investigated in the assessment of direct oil effects on the structure of nematode assemblages. Limited immediate effects were observed, except for a significant decrease of the index of taxonomic distinctness, which already appeared in the first week. Significant impacts on total nematode abundance, diversity and species composition only became apparent after 9-15 weeks of incubation, indicating that delayed effects of a single exposure are far more pronounced than instantaneous effects. Moreover, for most response variables, the strongest impacts were not observed in the highest-concentration treatment, but in a medium-concentration treatment with regular replenishment of oil WSF, suggesting that internal exposure may be important in generating effects. Furthermore, the predictability of the sensitivity of individual species was sometimes poor, which may not only result from these species' sensitivities, but also from alterations in interspecific interactions in polluted communities. Further toxicity tests should be carried out in order to unravel the main modes of action of crude oil WSF which lead to the observed long-term sublethal effects on nematode communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Monteiro
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Unit, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; University Bielefeld, Department of Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Tom Moens
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Unit, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Ghent University, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Separations Science Group, Krijgslaan 281/S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Walter Traunspurger
- University Bielefeld, Department of Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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14
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Monteiro L, Traunspurger W, Lynen F, Moens T. Effects of the water-soluble fraction of a crude oil on estuarine meiofauna: A microcosm approach. Mar Environ Res 2019; 147:113-125. [PMID: 31054769 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although soluble hydrocarbons persist for only hours to days in aquatic environments, they potentially pose a high toxicity to aquatic biota. Here we investigate effects of the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil on estuarine meiofauna, with special focus on nematodes. Copepods and amphipods were the most sensitive taxa, disappearing almost completely within 3 weeks after exposure. In nematodes, we observed mostly sublethal short-term effects of WSF, such as changes in feeding-type composition and age structure. In the longer term (months), total nematode density and species composition were significantly affected, whereas different diversity indices did not exhibit significant responses. Deposit-feeding and predatory nematodes were the most affected feeding types. Nevertheless, sensitivity was species-specific, with sometimes opposing responses between even congeneric species. Our results demonstrate the need to assess WSF effects on communities at the species level and over time periods well exceeding the residence time of the WSF in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Monteiro
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Unit, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; University Bielefeld, Department of Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Walter Traunspurger
- University Bielefeld, Department of Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Ghent University, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Separations Science Group, Krijgslaan 281/S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Moens
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Unit, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Russo G, Barbato F, Grumetto L, Philippe L, Lynen F, Goetz GH. Entry of therapeutics into the brain: Influence of exposed polarity calculated in silico and measured in vitro by supercritical fluid chromatography. Int J Pharm 2019; 560:294-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Vanraes P, Wardenier N, Surmont P, Lynen F, Nikiforov A, Van Hulle SWH, Leys C, Bogaerts A. Removal of alachlor, diuron and isoproturon in water in a falling film dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor combined with adsorption on activated carbon textile: Reaction mechanisms and oxidation by-products. J Hazard Mater 2018; 354:180-190. [PMID: 29751174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A falling film dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor combined with adsorption on activated carbon textile material was optimized to minimize the formation of hazardous oxidation by-products from the treatment of persistent pesticides (alachlor, diuron and isoproturon) in water. The formation of by-products and the reaction mechanism was investigated by HPLC-TOF-MS. The maximum concentration of each by-product was at least two orders of magnitude below the initial pesticide concentration, during the first 10 min of treatment. After 30 min of treatment, the individual by-product concentrations had decreased to values of at least three orders of magnitude below the initial pesticide concentration. The proposed oxidation pathways revealed five main oxidation steps: dechlorination, dealkylation, hydroxylation, addition of a double-bonded oxygen and nitrification. The latter is one of the main oxidation mechanisms of diuron and isoproturon for air plasma treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the formation of nitrificated intermediates is reported for the plasma treatment of non-phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vanraes
- PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; RUPT, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Niels Wardenier
- RUPT, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; LIWET, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Pieter Surmont
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Anton Nikiforov
- RUPT, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stijn W H Van Hulle
- LIWET, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Christophe Leys
- RUPT, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
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17
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Baert M, Martens S, Desmet G, de Villiers A, Du Prez F, Lynen F. Enhancing the Possibilities of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography through Hyphenation of Purely Aqueous Temperature-Responsive and Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4961-4967. [PMID: 29551061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) allows for substantial gains in theoretical peak capacity in the field of liquid chromatography. However, in practice, theoretical performance is rarely achieved due to a combination of undersampling, orthogonality, and refocusing issues prevalent in many LC × LC applications. This is intricately linked to the column dimensions, flow rates, and mobile-phase compositions used, where, in many cases, incompatible or strong solvents are introduced in the second-dimension (2D) column, leading to peak broadening and the need for more complex interfacing approaches. In this contribution, the combination of temperature-responsive (TR) and reversed-phase (RP) LC is demonstrated, which, due to the purely aqueous mobile phase used in TRLC, allows for complete and more generic refocusing of organic solutes prior to the second-dimension RP separation using a conventional 10-port valve interface. Thus far, this was only possible when combining other purely aqueous modes such as ion exchange or gel filtration chromatography with RPLC, techniques which are limited to the analysis of charged or high MW solutes, respectively. This novel TRLC × RPLC combination relaxes undersampling constraints and complete refocusing and therefore offers novel possibilities in the field of LC × LC including temperature modulation. The concept is illustrated through the TRLC × RPLC analysis of mixtures of neutral organic solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2 , 1050 Brussel , Belgium
| | - André de Villiers
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602 , South Africa
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18
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Russo G, Grumetto L, Szucs R, Barbato F, Lynen F. Screening therapeutics according to their uptake across the blood-brain barrier: A high throughput method based on immobilized artificial membrane liquid chromatography-diode-array-detection coupled to electrospray-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 127:72-84. [PMID: 29427629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) plays an essential role in protecting the brain tissues against possible injurious substances. In the present work, 79 neutral, basic, acidic and amphoteric structurally unrelated analytes were considered and their chromatographic retention coefficients on immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) stationary phase were determined employing a mass spectrometry (MS)-compatible buffer based on ammonium acetate. Their BBB passage predictive strength was evaluated and the statistical models based on IAM indexes and in silico physico-chemical descriptors showed solid statistics (r2 (n - 1) = 0.78). The predictive strength of the indexes achieved by the MS-compatible method was comparable to that achieved by employing the more "biomimetic" Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline, even if some differences in the elution order were observed. The method was transferred to the MS, employing a diode-array-detection coupled to an electrospray ionization source and a time-of-flight analyzer. This setup allowed the simultaneous analysis of up to eight analytes, yielding a remarkable acceleration of the analysis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Russo
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Grumetto
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roman Szucs
- Pfizer Global R&D, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Barbato
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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19
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Jespers S, Lynen F, Desmet G. Numerical study and theoretical performance limit of interconnected multi-capillary gas chromatography columns with perfectly ordered pillar patterns. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1524:215-221. [PMID: 28987531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We present the results of a theoretical and numerical study of the chromatographic performance of a novel type of microfabricated GC column. The column consists of an array of rectangular flow diverters (pillars), creating a network of perfectly ordered, interconnected and tortuous flow-through paths. Using van Deemter and kinetic plots of simulated band broadening data, we could demonstrate that the proposed column structure performs as a bundle of parallel open-tubular capillaries with rectangular cross-section, connected by a regular pattern of channel-intermixing points that allow compensating for inevitable channel-to-channel differences in migration velocity without adding any significant dispersion themselves. The established kinetic plots also allowed to propose design rules for the optimal distance between the pillars as a function of the desired separation efficiency and the available column pressure. The simulations also allowed establishing an expression for the plate height as a function of the velocity of the carrier gas. Results are also compared to the results of a recent experimental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Jespers
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Universiteit Gent, Separation Science Group, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Gert Desmet
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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20
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Jespers S, Schlautmann S, Gardeniers H, De Malsche W, Lynen F, Desmet G. Chip-Based Multicapillary Column with Maximal Interconnectivity to Combine Maximum Efficiency and Maximum Loadability. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11605-11613. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sander Jespers
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Pleinlaan
2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Schlautmann
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7522
NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Han Gardeniers
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7522
NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Wim De Malsche
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Pleinlaan
2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Universiteit Gent, Separation Science Group, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Gert Desmet
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Pleinlaan
2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Hegade RS, De Beer M, Lynen F. Chiral stationary phase optimized selectivity liquid chromatography: A strategy for the separation of chiral isomers. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1515:109-117. [PMID: 28811101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chiral Stationary-Phase Optimized Selectivity Liquid Chromatography (SOSLC) is proposed as a tool to optimally separate mixtures of enantiomers on a set of commercially available coupled chiral columns. This approach allows for the prediction of the separation profiles on any possible combination of the chiral stationary phases based on a limited number of preliminary analyses, followed by automated selection of the optimal column combination. Both the isocratic and gradient SOSLC approach were implemented for prediction of the retention times for a mixture of 4 chiral pairs on all possible combinations of the 5 commercial chiral columns. Predictions in isocratic and gradient mode were performed with a commercially available and with an in-house developed Microsoft visual basic algorithm, respectively. Optimal predictions in the isocratic mode required the coupling of 4 columns whereby relative deviations between the predicted and experimental retention times ranged between 2 and 7%. Gradient predictions led to the coupling of 3 chiral columns allowing baseline separation of all solutes, whereby differences between predictions and experiments ranged between 0 and 12%. The methodology is a novel tool allowing optimizing the separation of mixtures of optical isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Suryakant Hegade
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4 Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4 Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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22
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Van Den Houwe K, Evrard C, Van Loco J, Lynen F, Van Hoeck E. Use of Tenax® films to demonstrate the migration of chemical contaminants from cardboard into dry food. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:1261-1269. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1326067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Van Den Houwe
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C. Evrard
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J. Van Loco
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F. Lynen
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E. Van Hoeck
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
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23
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Vanraes P, Ghodbane H, Davister D, Wardenier N, Nikiforov A, Verheust YP, Van Hulle SWH, Hamdaoui O, Vandamme J, Van Durme J, Surmont P, Lynen F, Leys C. Removal of several pesticides in a falling water film DBD reactor with activated carbon textile: Energy efficiency. Water Res 2017; 116:1-12. [PMID: 28292675 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bio-recalcitrant micropollutants are often insufficiently removed by modern wastewater treatment plants to meet the future demands worldwide. Therefore, several advanced oxidation techniques, including cold plasma technology, are being investigated as effective complementary water treatment methods. In order to permit industrial implementation, energy demand of these techniques needs to be minimized. To this end, we have developed an electrical discharge reactor where water treatment by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is combined with adsorption on activated carbon textile and additional ozonation. The reactor consists of a DBD plasma chamber, including the adsorptive textile, and an ozonation chamber, where the DBD generated plasma gas is bubbled. In the present paper, this reactor is further characterized and optimized in terms of its energy efficiency for removal of the five pesticides α-HCH, pentachlorobenzene, alachlor, diuron and isoproturon, with initial concentrations ranging between 22 and 430 μg/L. Energy efficiency of the reactor is found to increase significantly when initial micropollutant concentration is decreased, when duty cycle is decreased and when oxygen is used as feed gas as compared to air and argon. Overall reactor performance is improved as well by making it work in single-pass operation, where water is flowing through the system only once. The results are explained with insights found in literature and practical implications are discussed. For the used operational conditions and settings, α-HCH is the most persistent pesticide in the reactor, with a minimal achieved electrical energy per order of 8 kWh/m3, while a most efficient removal of 3 kWh/m3 or lower was reached for the four other pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vanraes
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Houria Ghodbane
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, University, 23000 Annaba, Algeria; University of Souk Ahras, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Process Engineering, 41000 Souk Ahras, Algeria
| | - Dries Davister
- LIWET, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Niels Wardenier
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; LIWET, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Anton Nikiforov
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yannick P Verheust
- LIWET, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Stijn W H Van Hulle
- LIWET, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Oualid Hamdaoui
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba, University, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - Jeroen Vandamme
- Research Group Molecular Odor Chemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Technology Campus, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jim Van Durme
- Research Group Molecular Odor Chemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Technology Campus, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Surmont
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Leys
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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24
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Russo G, Grumetto L, Szucs R, Barbato F, Lynen F. Determination of in Vitro and in Silico Indexes for the Modeling of Blood–Brain Barrier Partitioning of Drugs via Micellar and Immobilized Artificial Membrane Liquid Chromatography. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3739-3754. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Russo
- Separation
Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Grumetto
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roman Szucs
- Pfizer Global R&D, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Barbato
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation
Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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25
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Li S, Klencsár B, Balcaen L, Cuyckens F, Lynen F, Vanhaecke F. Quantitative Metabolite Profiling of an Amino Group Containing Pharmaceutical in Human Plasma via Precolumn Derivatization and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1907-1915. [PMID: 28050907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative determination of the candidate drug molecule and its metabolites in biofluids and tissues is an inevitable step in the development of new pharmaceuticals. Because of the time-consuming and expensive nature of the current standard technique for quantitative metabolite profiling, i.e., radiolabeling followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with radiodetection, the development of alternative methodologies is of great interest. In this work, a simple, fast, sensitive, and accurate method for the quantitative metabolite profiling of an amino group containing drug (levothyroxine) and its metabolites in human plasma, based on precolumn derivatization followed by HPLC-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), was developed and validated. To introduce a suitable "heteroelement" (defined here as an element that is detectable with ICPMS), an inexpensive and commercially available reagent, tetrabromophthalic anhydride (TBPA) was used for the derivatization of free NH2-groups. The presence of a known number of I atoms in both the drug molecule and its metabolites enabled a cross-validation of the newly developed derivatization procedure and quantification based on monitoring of the introduced Br. The formation of the derivatives was quantitative, providing a 4:1 stoichiometric Br/NH2 ratio. The derivatives were separated via reversed-phase HPLC with gradient elution. Bromine was determined via ICPMS at a mass-to-charge ratio of 79 using H2 as a reaction gas to ensure interference-free detection, and iodine was determined at a mass-to-charge ratio of 127 for cross-validation purposes. The method developed shows a fit-for-purpose accuracy (recovery between 85% and 115%) and precision (repeatability <15% RSD). The limit of quantification (LoQ) for Br was approximately 100 μg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanwang Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Balázs Klencsár
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieve Balcaen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Cuyckens
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics & Metabolism, Janssen R&D , Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University , Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S4-bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Vanhaecke
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Kaczmarek AM, Porebski PWA, Mortier T, Lynen F, Van Deun R, Van Hecke K. Near-infrared luminescence and RNA cleavage ability of lanthanide Schiff base complexes derived from N,N'-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)ethylene-1,2-diamine ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 163:194-205. [PMID: 27554192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A complete series of lanthanide Schiff base salen-type complexes were prepared with trivalent lanthanide ions (Ln3+) and the N,N'-bis-(3-methoxysalicylidene)ethylene-1,2-diamine ligand (Ln3+=La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+, Yb3+, Lu3+). Three unique crystal structures of La3+ and Pr3+N,N'-bis-(3-methoxysalicylidene)ethylene-1,2-diamine complexes, with the La3+ complex prepared in two different synthetic approaches, are reported, namely a dimeric [La(H2L)(NO3)3]2 (H2L=N,N'-bis-(3-methoxysalicylidene)ethylene-1,2-diamine) complex, an asymmetric two-centered [La2(H2L)2(NO3)6] complex and a discrete mononuclear [Pr(H2L)(NO3)2(H2O)2] complex. For Nd3+ and Sm3+, an isotypic mononuclear [Nd(H2L)(NO3)3] and 1D polymeric [Sm(H2L)(NO3)3(MeOH)]n structure was obtained, respectively. The whole series of complexes was tested for their ability to cleave the 20-mer RNA oligonucleotide 5'-AGC-GAU-AAG-AUU-CAU-AUA-UC-3'. Additionally three complexes (Ln3+=Nd3+, Sm3+, Ho3+) were tested for the cleavage of the 12-mer RNA oligonucleotide 5'-GCA-CCC-UGU-CAG-3'. A detailed luminescence study was additionally carried out and revealed that the Eu3+ complex emitted bright red light upon excitation at both 285.8nm and 394.4nm. The Nd3+, Er3+, and Yb3+ complexes showed strong emission in the near-infrared region after excitation at 380nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Kaczmarek
- L(3) - Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Piotr W Alvarez Porebski
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tineke Mortier
- XStruct, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rik Van Deun
- L(3) - Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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27
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Doan CD, To CM, De Vrieze M, Lynen F, Danthine S, Brown A, Dewettinck K, Patel AR. Chemical profiling of the major components in natural waxes to elucidate their role in liquid oil structuring. Food Chem 2016; 214:717-725. [PMID: 27507530 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the composition of waxes is of utmost importance to explain their behavior in liquid oil structuring. The chemical components (hydrocarbons - HCs, free fatty acids - FFAs, free fatty alcohols - FALs and wax esters - WEs) of natural waxes were analyzed using HPLC-ELSD and GC-MS followed by evaluation of their oil structuring properties. The gel strength, including the average storage modulus and oscillation yield stress, displayed a negative correlation with FALs and a positive correlation with HCs, FFAs and WEs. The components dictating the gel strength are HCs, FFAs and WEs in a descending order of importance. The consistency of the oleogels increased with the increasing amount of FFAs and HCs and the decreasing amount of WEs and FALs. The presence of more WEs results in a strong but brittle gel with a high initial flow yield stress. We believe these results might be useful in selecting the right waxes to combine in certain fat-based food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Diem Doan
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 653 Coupure Links, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Food Technology, College of Agriculture and Applied Science, Cantho University, Viet Nam.
| | - Chak Ming To
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 653 Coupure Links, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mike De Vrieze
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, 281 Krijgslaan, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, 281 Krijgslaan, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabine Danthine
- Department of Food Technology, Gembloux Agricultural University, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Allison Brown
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 653 Coupure Links, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Dewettinck
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 653 Coupure Links, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ashok R Patel
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 653 Coupure Links, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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28
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Van Den Houwe K, Evrard C, Van Loco J, Lynen F, Van Hoeck E. Migration of photoinitiators from cardboard into dry food: evaluation of Tenax® as a food simulant. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:913-20. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1179562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Van Den Houwe
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Evrard
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Loco
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Van Hoeck
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Álvarez Porebski PW, Lynen F. Offline comprehensive liquid chromatography in combination with a Deoxyribonuclease I immobilized enzymatic reactor for selective screening of oligonucleotide mixtures. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1451:164-168. [PMID: 27208984 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of a comprehensive ion-pair chromatography-immobilized enzyme reactor×ion-pair chromatography (IPC-IMER×IPC) methodology for the advanced characterization of DNA/RNA oligonucleotides (ONs) mixtures has been carried out. More in detail, a DNase I IMER has been coupled to IPC in the post column configuration, followed by the collection of the eluting fractions and reanalysis by IPC. The effect of the mobile phase over the IMER activity was qualitatively evaluated. The methodology proved to generate relevant ON degradation profiles that might be correlated with the ON stability towards nucleases. Moreover, this platform shows potential for its further implementation in selective analysis of ON mixtures and in mapping studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Wiktor Álvarez Porebski
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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30
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Klencsár B, Bolea-Fernandez E, Flórez MR, Balcaen L, Cuyckens F, Lynen F, Vanhaecke F. Determination of the total drug-related chlorine and bromine contents in human blood plasma using high performance liquid chromatography–tandem ICP-mass spectrometry (HPLC–ICP-MS/MS). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 124:112-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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31
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Vanraes P, Willems G, Nikiforov A, Surmont P, Lynen F, Vandamme J, Van Durme J, Verheust YP, Van Hulle SWH, Dumoulin A, Leys C. Removal of atrazine in water by combination of activated carbon and dielectric barrier discharge. J Hazard Mater 2015; 299:647-655. [PMID: 26282086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Efficiency of modern wastewater treatment plants to remove or decompose persistent contaminants in low concentration is often insufficient to meet the demands imposed by governmental laws. Novel, efficient and cheap methods are required to address this global issue. We developed a new type of plasma reactor, in which atrazine decomposition by atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in dry air is combined with micropollutant adsorption on activated carbon textile and with extra bubbling of generated ozone. Investigation of reaction kinetics and by-product analysis shows that increasing input power with a factor 3.5 leads to deeper atrazine oxidation without significantly changing energy yield of atrazine removal. By-products of first and later generations are detected with HPLC-MS analysis in water and adsorbed on the activated carbon textile. Our reactor is compared in energy efficiency with reactors described in literature, showing that combination of plasma discharge with pollutant adsorption and ozone recycling is attractive for future applications of water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vanraes
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Gert Willems
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Anton Nikiforov
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Surmont
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vandamme
- Research Group Molecular Odor Chemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Technology Campus, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jim Van Durme
- Research Group Molecular Odor Chemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Technology Campus, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Yannick P Verheust
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Stijn W H Van Hulle
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ann Dumoulin
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Christophe Leys
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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32
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Álvarez Porebski PW, Gyssels E, Madder A, Lynen F. Hyphenation of a Deoxyribonuclease I immobilized enzyme reactor with liquid chromatography for the online stability evaluation of oligonucleotides. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1422:18-26. [PMID: 26515385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The stability of antisense oligonucleotides (ONs) toward nucleases is a key aspect for their possible implementation as therapeutic agents. Typically, ON stability studies are performed off-line, where the ONs are incubated with nucleases in solution, followed by their analysis. The problematics of off-line processing render the detailed comparison of relative ON stability quite challenging. Therefore, the development of an online platform based on an immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) coupled to liquid chromatography (LC) was developed as an alternative for improved ON stability testing. More in detail, Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) was immobilized on epoxy-silica particles of different pore sizes and packed into a column for the construction of an IMER. Subsequently, the hyphenation of the IMER with ion-pair chromatography (IPC) and ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) was evaluated, leading to the successful development of two online methodologies: IMER-IPC and IMER-IEC. More specifically, natural and modified DNA and RNA oligonucleotides were used for testing the performance of the methodologies. Both methodologies proved to be simple, automatable, fast and highly reproducible for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of ON degradation. In addition, the extended IMER life time in combination with a more straightforward control of the reaction kinetics substantiate the applicability of the IMER-LC platform for ON stability tests and its implementation in routine and research laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Wiktor Álvarez Porebski
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Ellen Gyssels
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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33
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Malengier B, Goessens T, Mafo FF, De Vrieze M, Van Langenhove L, Wanji S, Lynen F. Model-based determination of the influence of textile fabric on bioassay analysis and the effectiveness of a textile slow-release system of DEET in mosquito control. Pest Manag Sci 2015; 71:1165-1174. [PMID: 25200386 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the effectiveness of a product in repelling mosquitoes or other flying insects is a difficult task. One approach is to use a bioassay with textile fabric. We investigated the role of the textile substrate in a bioassay with a numerical model, and compared the outcome with known results for DEET. The model was then used to determine the effectiveness of textile slow-release formulations based on coatings, and results were compared with those of a field study in the Cameroon. Slow-release formulations are difficult to evaluate with standard tests, as the compound needs a build-up time not present in these tests. RESULTS We found excellent correspondence between the model and the known DEET results without matching parameters. Slow-release approaches are deemed possible but have several drawbacks. Modelling can help in identifying optimal use conditions. The field test with a slow-release system performed better than anticipated by the model, with initially more than 90% repellency. DEET-coated textile was considered not to be marketable, however. CONCLUSION We advise that bioassays characterise in more detail the type of textile fabric used so as to allow conclusions to be drawn by textile modelling. As regards coated-textile slow-release systems, more research is needed. We nevertheless advise usage mainly at entry points, e.g. as scrims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Malengier
- Department of Textiles, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tineke Goessens
- Research Group for Numerical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Department of Mathematical Analysis, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Flora F Mafo
- University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and Environment, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Mike De Vrieze
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieva Van Langenhove
- Department of Textiles, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Samuel Wanji
- Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and Environment, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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34
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De Smet S, Lynen F. Investigation of poly(styrene-divinylbenzene-vinylsulfonic acid) as retentive and electroosmotic flow generating phase in open-tubular electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1404:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Vanraes P, Willems G, Daels N, Van Hulle SWH, De Clerck K, Surmont P, Lynen F, Vandamme J, Van Durme J, Nikiforov A, Leys C. Decomposition of atrazine traces in water by combination of non-thermal electrical discharge and adsorption on nanofiber membrane. Water Res 2015; 72:361-371. [PMID: 25482844 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, several types of persistent substances are detected in the aquatic environment at very low concentrations. Unfortunately, conventional water treatment processes are not able to remove these micropollutants. As such, advanced treatment methods are required to meet both current and anticipated maximally allowed concentrations. Plasma discharge in contact with water is a promising new technology, since it produces a wide spectrum of oxidizing species. In this study, a new type of reactor is tested, in which decomposition by atmospheric pulsed direct barrier discharge (pDBD) plasma is combined with micropollutant adsorption on a nanofiber polyamide membrane. Atrazine is chosen as model micropollutant with an initial concentration of 30 μg/L. While the H2O2 and O3 production in the reactor is not influenced by the presence of the membrane, there is a significant increase in atrazine decomposition when the membrane is added. With membrane, 85% atrazine removal can be obtained in comparison to only 61% removal without membrane, at the same experimental parameters. The by-products of atrazine decomposition identified by HPLC-MS are deethylatrazine and ammelide. Formation of these by-products is more pronounced when the membrane is added. These results indicate the synergetic effect of plasma discharge and pollutant adsorption, which is attractive for future applications of water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vanraes
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Gert Willems
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Daels
- Department of Textiles, Ghent University, Technologiepark 907, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Stijn W H Van Hulle
- Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Karen De Clerck
- Department of Textiles, Ghent University, Technologiepark 907, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Pieter Surmont
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vandamme
- Research Group Molecular Odor Chemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Technology Campus, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jim Van Durme
- Research Group Molecular Odor Chemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Technology Campus, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anton Nikiforov
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, Academicheskaya 1, 153012 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Christophe Leys
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Jespers S, Roeleveld K, Lynen F, Broeckhoven K, Desmet G. Kinetic plots for gas chromatography: Theory and experimental verification. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1386:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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De Smet S, Miserez B, Rambla Alegre M, Talha Yapa M, de Villiers A, Sandra P, Lynen F. Optimization of a high-resolution radical scavenging assay coupled on-line to reversed-phase liquid chromatography for antioxidant detection in complex natural extracts. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:724-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seppe De Smet
- Separation Science Group; Department of Organic & Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Bram Miserez
- Separation Science Group; Department of Organic & Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Mehmet Talha Yapa
- Separation Science Group; Department of Organic & Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - André de Villiers
- University of Stellenbosch; Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; Matieland South Africa
| | - Pat Sandra
- Separation Science Group; Department of Organic & Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Research Institute for Chromatography; Kortrijk Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group; Department of Organic & Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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De Smet S, Lynen F. Kinetic performance evaluation and perspectives of contemporary packed column capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1355:261-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Borras M, Roig J, Betriu A, Vilar A, Hernandez M, Martin M, Fernandez ED, Dounousi E, Kiatou V, Papagianni A, Zikou X, Pappas K, Pappas E, Tatsioni A, Tsakiris D, Siamopoulos KC, Kim JK, Kim Y, Kim SG, Kim HJ, Ahn SY, Chin HJ, Oh KH, Ahn C, Chae DW, Yazici R, Altintepe L, Bakdik S, Guney I, Arslan S, Topal M, Karagoz A, Stefan G, Mircescu G, Capusa C, Stancu S, Petrescu L, Alecu S, Nedelcu D, Bennett AHL, Pham H, Garrity M, Magdeleyns E, Vermeer C, Zhang M, Ni Z, Zhu M, Yan J, Mou S, Wang Q, Qian J, Saade A, Karavetian M, ElZein H, de Vries N, de Haseth DE, Lay Penne E, van Dam B, Bax WA, Bots ML, Grooteman MPC, van den Dorpel RA, Blankenstijn PJ, Nube MJ, Wee PM, Park JH, Jo YI, Lee JH, Cianfrone P, Comi N, Lucisano G, Piraina V, Talarico R, Fuiano G, Toyonaga M, Fukami K, Yamagishi SI, Kaida Y, Nakayama Y, Ando R, Obara N, Ueda S, Okuda S, Granatova J, Havrda M, Hruskova Z, Tesar V, Viklicky O, Rysava R, Rychlik I, Kratka K, Honsova E, Vernerova Z, Maluskova J, Vranova J, Bolkova M, Borecka K, Benakova H, Zima T, Lu KC, Yang HY, Su SL, Cao YH, Lv LL, Liu BC, Zeng R, Gao XF, Deng YY, Boelaert J, t' Kindt R, Glorieux G, Schepers E, Jorge L, Neirynck N, Lynen F, Sandra P, Sandra K, Vanholder R, Yamamoto T, Nameta M, Yoshida Y, Uhlen M, Shi Y, Tang J, Zhang J, An Y, Liao Y, Li Y, Tao Y, Wang L, Koibuchi K, Tanaka K, Aoki T, Miyagi M, Sakai K, Aikawa A, Martins AR, Branco PQ, Serra FM, Matias PJ, Lucas CP, Adragao T, Duarte J, Oliveira MM, Saraiva AM, Barata JD, Masola V, Zaza G, Granata S, Proglio M, Pontrelli P, Abaterusso C, Schena F, Gesualdo L, Gambaro G, Lupo A, Pruijm M, Hofmann L, Stuber M, Zweiacker C, Piskunowicz M, Muller ME, Vogt B, Burnier M, Togashi N, Yamashita T, Mita T, Ohnuma Y, Hasegawa T, Endo T, Tsuchida A, Ando T, Yoshida H, Miura T, Bevins A, Assi L, Ritchie J, Jesky M, Stringer S, Kalra P, Hutchison C, Harding S, Cockwell P, Viccica G, Cupisti A, Chiavistelli S, Borsari S, Pardi E, Centoni R, Fumagalli G, Cetani F, Marcocci C, Scully P, O'Flaherty D, Sankaralingam A, Hampson G, Goldsmith DJ, Pallet N, Chauvet S, Beaune P, Nochy D, Thervet E, Karras A, Bertho G, Gallyamov MG, Saginova EA, Severova MM, Krasnova TN, Kopylova AA, Cho E, Jo SK, Kim MG, Cho WY, kim HK, Trivin C, Metzger M, Boffa JJ, Vrtovsnik F, Houiller P, Haymann JP, Flamant M, Stengel B, Thervet E, Roozbeh J, Yavari V, Pakfetrat M, Zolghadr AA, Kim CS, Kim MJ, Kang YU, Choi JS, Bae EH, Ma SK, Kim SW, Lemoine S, Guebre-Egziabher F, Dubourg L, Hadj-Aissa A, Blumberg S, Katzir Z, Biro A, Cernes R, Barnea Z, Vasquez D, Gordillo R, Aller C, Fernandez B, Jabary N, Perez V, Mendiluce A, Bustamante J, Coca A, Goek ON, Sekula P, Prehn C, Meisinger C, Gieger C, Suhre K, Adamski J, Kastenmuller G, Kottgen A, Kuzniewski M, Fedak D, Dumnicka P, Solnica B, Kusnierz-Cabala B, Kapusta M, Sulowicz W, Drozdz R, Zawada AM, Rogacev KS, Hummel B, Fliser D, Geisel J, Heine GH, Kretschmer A, Volsek M, Krahn T, Kolkhof P, Kribben A, Bruck H, Koh ES, Chung S, Yoon HE, Park CW, Chang YS, Shin SJ, Deagostini MC, Vigotti FN, Ferraresi M, Consiglio V, Scognamiglio S, Moro I, Clari R, Daidola G, Versino E, Piccoli GB, Mammadrahim Agayev M, Mehrali Mammadova I, Qarib Ismayilova S, Anguiano L, Riera M, Pascual J, Barrios C, Betriu A, Valdivielso JM, Fernandez E, Soler MJ, Tsarpali V, Liakopoulos V, Panagopoulou E, Kapoukranidou D, Spaia S, Kostopoulou M, Michalaki A, Nikitidou O, Dombros N, Zhu F, Abba S, Flores-Gama C, Williams C, Cartagena C, Carter M, Kotanko P, Levin NW, Kolesnyk M, Stepanova N, Driyanska V, Stashevska N, Kundin V, Shifris I, Dudar I, Zaporozhets O, Keda T, Ishchenko M, Khil M, Choe JY, Nam SA, Kim J, Cha JH, Gliga ML, Irimescu CG, Caldararu CD, Gliga MG, Toma LV, Gomotarceanu A, Park Y, Kim Y, Jeon J, Kwon SK, Kim SJ, Kim SM, Kim HY, Montero N, Soler MJ, Barrios C, Marquez E, Berrada A, Arias C, Prada JA, Orfila MA, Mojal S, Vilaplana C, Pascual J, Vigotti FN, Attini R, Parisi S, Fassio F, Deagostini MC, Ghiotto S, Ferraresi M, Clari R, Biolcati M, Todros T, Piccoli GB, Jin K, Vaziri ND, Tramonti G, Romiti N, Chieli E, Maksudova AN, Khusnutdinova LA, Tang J, Shi Y, Zhang J, Li Y, An Y, Tao Y, Wang L, Reque JE, Quiroga B, Lopez JM, Verdallez UG, Garcia de Vinuesa M, Goicoechea M, Nayara PG, Arroyo DR, Luno J, Tanaka H, Flores-Gama C, Abbas SR, Williams C, Cartagena C, Carter M, Thijssen S, Kotanko P, Levin NW, Zhu F, Berthoux FC, Azzouz L, Afiani A, Ziane A, Mariat C, Fournier H, Kusztal M, Dzierzek P, Witkowski G, Nurzynski M, Golebiowski T, Weyde W, Klinger M, Altiparmak MR, Seyahi N, Trabulus S, Bolayirli M, Andican ZG, Suleymanlar G, Serdengecti K, Niculae A, Checherita IA, Neagoe DN, Ciocalteu A, Seiler S, Rogacev KS, Pickering JW, Emrich I, Fliser D, Heine G, Bargnoux AS, Obiols J, Kuster N, Fessler P, Badiou S, Dupuy AM, Ribstein J, Cristol JP, Yanagisawa N, Ando M, Ajisawa A, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K, Bouquegneau A, Cavalier E, Krzesinski JM, Delanaye P, Tominaga N, Shibagaki Y, Kida K, Miyake F, Kimura K, Ayvazyan A, Rameev V, Kozlovskaya L, Simonyan A, Scholze A, Marckmann P, Tepel M, Rasmussen LM, Hara M, Ando M, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K, Kanai H, Harada K, Tamura Y, Kawai Y, Al-Jebouri MM, Madash SA, Leonidovna Berezinets O, Nicolaevich Rossolovskiy A. Lab methods / biomarkers. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bogaerts T, Van Yperen-De Deyne A, Liu YY, Lynen F, Van Speybroeck V, Van Der Voort P. Mn-salen@MIL101(Al): a heterogeneous, enantioselective catalyst synthesized using a ‘bottle around the ship’ approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8021-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44473b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Verstraeten M, Broeckhoven K, Lynen F, Choikhet K, Landt K, Dittmann M, Witt K, Sandra P, Desmet G. Quantification aspects of constant pressure (ultra) high pressure liquid chromatography using mass-sensitive detectors with a nebulizing interface. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1274:118-28. [PMID: 23274072 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present contribution investigates the quantitation aspects of mass-sensitive detectors with nebulizing interface (ESI-MSD, ELSD, CAD) in the constant pressure gradient elution mode. In this operation mode, the pressure is controlled and maintained at a set value and the liquid flow rate will vary according to the inverse mobile phase viscosity. As the pressure is continuously kept at the allowable maximum during the entire gradient run, the average liquid flow rate is higher compared to that in the conventional constant flow rate operation mode, thus shortening the analysis time. The following three mass-sensitive detectors were investigated: mass spectrometry detector (MS), evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) and charged aerosol detector (CAD) and a wide variety of samples (phenones, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, wine, cocoa butter) has been considered. It was found that the nebulizing efficiency of the LC-interfaces of the three detectors under consideration changes with the increasing liquid flow rate. For the MS, the increasing flow rate leads to a lower peak area whereas for the ELSD the peak area increases compared to the constant flow rate mode. The peak area obtained with a CAD is rather insensitive to the liquid flow rate. The reproducibility of the peak area remains similar in both modes, although variation in system permeability compromises the 'long-term' reproducibility. This problem can however be overcome by running a flow rate program with an optimized flow rate and composition profile obtained from the constant pressure mode. In this case, the quantification remains reproducibile, despite any occuring variations of the system permeability. Furthermore, the same fragmentation pattern (MS) has been found in the constant pressure mode compared to the customary constant flow rate mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verstraeten
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS-IR), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Zhang L, Majeed B, Lynen F, Van Hoof C, De Malsche W. Elution behavior of short dsDNA strands in silicon micropillar array columns in ion pair reversed-phase chromatography mode. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3205-12. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frederic Lynen
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Ghent University; Ghent; Belgium
| | | | - Wim De Malsche
- μFlow,; Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Belgium
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Verstraeten M, Broeckhoven K, Lynen F, Choikhet K, Dittmann M, Witt K, Sandra P, Desmet G. Comparison of the quantitative performance of constant pressure versus constant flow rate gradient elution separations using concentration-sensitive detectors. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1232:65-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lynen F, Saavedra L, Nickerson B, Sandra P. Corrigendum to “Evaluation of a multiarray system for pharmaceutical analysis by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography” [Talanta 84 (2011) 724–729]. Talanta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lynen F, Saveedra L, Nickerson B, Sandra P. Evaluation of a multiarray system for pharmaceutical analysis by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. Talanta 2011; 84:724-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Elaissi A, Medini H, Khouja ML, Simmonds M, Lynen F, Farhat F, Chemli R, Harzallah-Skhiri F. Variation in Volatile Leaf Oils of Five Eucalyptus Species Harvested from Jbel Abderrahman Arboreta (Tunisia). Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:352-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Elaissi A, Medini H, Simmonds M, Lynen F, Farhat F, Chemli R, Harzallah-Skhiri F, Khouja ML. Variation in Volatile Leaf Oils of Seven Eucalyptus Species Harvested from Zerniza Arboreta (Tunisia). Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:362-72. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Eghbali H, Sandra K, Detobel F, Lynen F, Nakanishi K, Sandra P, Desmet G. Performance evaluation of long monolithic silica capillary columns in gradient liquid chromatography using peptide mixtures. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:3360-6. [PMID: 21044784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A systematic study is reported on the performance of long monolithic capillary columns in gradient mode. Using a commercial nano-LC system, reversed-phase peptide separations obtained through UV-detection were conducted. The chromatographic performance, in terms of conditional peak capacity and peak productivity, was investigated for different gradient times (varying between 90 and 1320min) and different column lengths (0.25, 1, 2 and 4m) all originating from a single 4m long column. Peak capacities reaching values up to n=10(3) were measured in case of the 4m long column demonstrating the high potential of these long monoliths for the analysis of complex biological mixtures, amongst others. In addition, it was found that the different column fragments displayed similar flow resistance as well as consistent chromatographic performance in accordance with chromatographic theory indicating that the chromatographic bed of the original 4m long column possessed a structural homogeneity over its entire length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Eghbali
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lynen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie, Munich 2, Germany
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Broeckhoven K, Cabooter D, Lynen F, Sandra P, Desmet G. The kinetic plot method applied to gradient chromatography: Theoretical framework and experimental validation. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2787-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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