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Maciejewska M. Influence of the Polymerization Parameters on the Porosity and Thermal Stability of Polymeric Monoliths. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2860. [PMID: 38930229 PMCID: PMC11204994 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Rigid porous polymeric monoliths are robust, highly efficient, versatile stationary phases. They offer simple preparation and convenient modification provided by a whole range of synthesis factors, e.g., starting monomers, cross-linkers, initiators, porogens, polymerization techniques, and temperature. The main aim of this study was to synthesize polymeric monoliths and determine the correlation between polymerization parameters and the porosity and thermal stability of the obtained materials. Polymeric monoliths were synthesized directly in HPLC columns using N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) and 4-vinylpiridine (4VP) as functional monomers, with trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) serving as the cross-linking monomer. During copolymerization a mixture of cyclohexanol/decane-1-ol was used as the pore-forming diluent. Polymerization was carried out at two different temperatures: 55 and 75 °C. As a result, monoliths with highly developed internal structure were synthesized. The value of their specific surface area was in the range of 92 m2/g to 598 m2/g, depending on the monomer composition and polymerization temperature. Thermal properties of the obtained materials were investigated by means of thermogravimetry (TG). Significant differences in thermal behavior were noticed between monoliths synthesized at 55 and 75 °C. Additionally, the poly(NVP-co-TRIM) monolith was successfully applied in GC analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Maciejewska
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Gliniana 33, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
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2
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Fouad A, Adly FG, Soltan MK, Ghanem A. Lipase as a Chiral Selector Immobilised on Carboxylated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Encapsulated in the Organic Polymer Monolithic Capillary for Nano-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Enantioseparation of Racemic Pharmaceuticals. Molecules 2023; 28:6663. [PMID: 37764439 PMCID: PMC10534468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the preparation of lipase immobilised on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as an enantioselector for capillary monolithic columns and their application in the chiral separation of racemic pharmaceuticals. The columns were prepared through the encapsulation of functionalised SWCNTs (c-SWCNTs) within an organic monolithic polymer, followed by the immobilisation of lipase over the obtained monolith, over a three-day (L1) and five-day (L2) period. The prepared columns were tested for the enantioselective nano-HPLC separation of 50 racemic drugs. A suitable resolution was achieved for 25 drugs using nano-RP-HPLC conditions for both the L1 and L2 capillaries, while no specific resolution was detected under normal-phase HPLC conditions. The developed c-SWCNT-lipase-based polymeric monolithic capillaries are a promising expansion for separating pharmaceutical enantiomers' using nano-HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
| | - Frady G. Adly
- Complementary & Over the Counter Medicines Branch, Medicines Regulation Division, Therapeutic Goods Administration, Australian Department of Health and Aged Care, Canberra, ACT 2609, Australia;
| | - Moustafa K. Soltan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
- Oman College of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Muscat 132, Oman
| | - Ashraf Ghanem
- Chirality Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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3
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Hefnawy M, El-Gendy M, Al-Salem H, Marenga H, El-Azab A, Abdel-Aziz A, Gamal AE, Alanazi M, Obaidullah A, Al-Hossaini A, Hefnawy A. Trends in monoliths: Packings, stationary phases and nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463819. [PMID: 36724721 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Monoliths media are gaining interest as excellent substitutes to conventional particle-packed columns. Monolithic columns show higher permeability and lower flow resistance than conventional liquid chromatography columns, providing high-throughput performance, resolution and separation in short run times. Monolithic columns with longer length, smaller inner diameter and specific selectivity to peptides or enantiomers have been played important role in hyphenated system. Monolithic stationary phases possess great efficiency, resolution, selectivity and sensitivity in the separation of complex biological samples, such as the complex mixtures of peptides for proteome analysis. The development of monolithic stationary phases has opened the new avenue in chromatographic separation science and is in turn playing much more important roles in the wide application area. Monolithic stationary phases have been widely used in fast and high efficiency one- and multi-dimensional separation systems, miniaturized devices, and hyphenated system coupled with mass spectrometers. The developing technology for preparation of monolithic stationary phases is revolutionizing the column technology for the separation of complex biological samples. These techniques using porous monoliths offer several advantages, including miniaturization and on-line coupling with analytical instruments. Additionally, monoliths are ideal support media for imprinting template-specific sites, resulting in the so-called molecularly-imprinted monoliths, with ultra-high selectivity. In this review, the origin of the concept, the differences between their characteristics and those of traditional packings, their advantages and drawbacks, theory of separations, the methods for the monoliths preparation of different forms, nanoparticle monoliths and metal-organic framework are discussed. Two application areas of monolithic metal-organic framework and nanoparticle monoliths are provided. The review article discusses the results reported in a total of 218 references. Other older references were included to illustrate the historical development of monoliths, both in preparation and types, as well as separation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hefnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Manal El-Gendy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Al-Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanin Marenga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel El-Azab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali El Gamal
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plant Research Center (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Hossaini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Hefnawy
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura Manchester Medical Program, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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4
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Guillarme D, Rouvière F, Heinisch S. Theoretical and practical comparison of RPLC and RPLC × RPLC: how to consider dilution effects and sensitivity in addition to separation power? Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 415:2357-2369. [PMID: 36323885 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04385-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to provide an unbiased comparison of one-dimensional reversed-phase liquid chromatography (1D-RPLC) and comprehensive two-dimensional RPLC (RPLC × RPLC), through calculations and experimental verifications. For this purpose, various quality descriptors were evaluated, including peak capacity, analysis time, dilution factor, number of runs in the second dimension, and injection volume. The same strategy was applied to small pharmaceuticals and peptides. Whatever the analysis time between 30 and 200 min, short columns of only 30 × 2.1 mm packed with sub-2-µm particles should be selected in both dimensions of the 2D-LC setup to obtain the best compromise in terms of peak capacity and sensitivity. The peak capacity in RPLC × RPLC vs. RPLC was significantly improved for analysis times beyond 5 min. However, extra-column volume located after the second-dimension column was found to be particularly critical for peptides, and up to 50% lower peak capacity was observed with MS vs. UV detection. Contrary to common belief, higher dilution is not always observed in RPLC × RPLC. With adequate analytical conditions, better sensitivity (in theory fivefold and in practice three- to fivefold) could be achieved in RPLC × RPLC compared to 1D-RPLC, regardless of the analysis time.
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A Numerical Investigation of the Hydrodynamic Dispersion in Triply Periodic Chromatographic Stationary Phases. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wang Y, Yao M, Sims CE, Allbritton NL. Monolithic Silica Microbands Enable Thin-Layer Chromatography Analysis of Single Cells. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13489-13497. [PMID: 36121711 PMCID: PMC9789895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A picoliter thin-layer chromatography (pTLC) platform was developed for analyzing extremely miniature specimens, such as assay of the contents of a single cell of 1 picoliter volume. The pTLC chip consisted of an array of microscale bands made from highly porous monolithic silica designed to accept picoliter-scale volume samples. pTLC bands were fabricated by combining sol-gel chemistry and microfabrication technology. The width (60-80 μm) and depth (13 μm) of each band is comparable to the size of single cells and acted to reduce the lateral diffusion and confine the movement of compounds along the microbands. Ultrasmall volumes (tens of pL) of model fluorescent compounds were spotted onto the microband by a piezoelectric microdispenser and successfully separated by pTLC. The separation resolution and analyte migration were dependent on the macropore size (ranging from 0.3 to 2.3 μm), which was adjustable by changing the porogen concentration during the sol-gel process. For a 0.3 μm macropore size, attomoles of analyte were detectable by fluorescence using standard microscopy methods. The separation resolution, theoretical plate number, and separation times ranged from 1.3 to 2.1, 4 to 357, and 2 to 8 min, respectively, for the chosen model biological lipids. To demonstrate the capability of pTLC for separating analytes from single mammalian cells, cells loaded with fluorescent lipophilic dyes or sphingosine kinase reporter were spotted on microbands, and the single-cell contents separated by pTLC were detected from their fluorescence. These results demonstrate the potential of pTLC for applications in many areas where miniature specimens and high-throughput parallel analyses are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christopher E. Sims
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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Chen H, Zhuang Q, Wang H, Zhai X, Zhang K, Deng H, Dong W, Xie A. Ultrafine gold nanoparticles dispersed in conjugated microporous polymers with sulfhydryl functional groups to improve the reducing activity of 4-nitrophenol. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Billotto LS, Marcus RK. Comparative Analysis of Trilobal Capillary‐Channeled Polymer Fiber Columns with Superficially Porous and Monolithic Phases Towards Reversed‐Phase Protein Separations. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3811-3826. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lacey S. Billotto
- Department of Chemistry Biosystems Research Complex Clemson University
| | - R. Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry Biosystems Research Complex Clemson University
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9
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Si H, Wang Q, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Li H, Li S, Wang S, Zhu B. Functionalized monolithic columns: Recent advancements and their applications for high-efficiency separation and enrichment in food and medicine. Front Chem 2022; 10:951649. [PMID: 35991596 PMCID: PMC9388943 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.951649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatographic column is the core of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, and must have excellent separation efficiency and selectivity. Therefore, functional modification materials for monolithic columns have been rapidly developed. This study is a systematic review of the recently reported functionalized monolithic columns. In particular, the study reviews the types of functional monomers under different modification conditions, as well as the separation and detection techniques combined with chromatography, and their development prospects. In addition, the applications of functionalized monolithic columns in food analysis, biomedicine, and the analysis of active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicines in recent years are also discussed. Also reviewed are the functionalized monolithic columns for qualitative and quantitative analysis. It provided a reference for further development and application of organic polymer monolithic columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Si
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Wang,
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hongya Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shuna Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Baocheng Zhu
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Forage Microbial Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Agriculture Waste Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
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10
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Preparation of cellulose-based chromatographic medium for biological separation: A review. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463297. [PMID: 35809519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Roca LS, Adamopoulou T, Nawada SH, Schoenmakers PJ. Introduction of Octadecyl-Bonded Porous Particles in 3D-Printed Transparent Housings with Multiple Outlets. Chromatographia 2022; 85:783-793. [PMID: 35965655 PMCID: PMC9363280 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMicrofluidic devices for comprehensive three-dimensional spatial liquid chromatography will ultimately require a body of stationary phase with multiple in- and outlets. In the present work, 3D printing with a transparent polymer resin was used to create a simplified device that can be seen as a unit cell for an eventual three-dimensional separation system. Complete packing of the device with 5-μm C18 particles was achieved, with reasonable permeability. The packing process could be elegantly monitored from the pressure profile, which implies that optical transparency may not be required for future devices. The effluent flow was different for each of the four outlets of the device, but all flows were highly repeatable, suggesting that correction for flow-rate variations is possible. The investigation into flow patterns through the device was supported by computational-fluid-dynamics simulations. A proof-of-principle separation of four standard peptides is described, with mass-spectrometric detection for each of the four channels separately.
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12
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Correlation of the organic sorbents texture with chromatographic characteristics of monolithic HPLC columns based on 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Desire CT, Arrua RD, Mansour FR, Bon SAF, Hilder EF. Styrene-based polymerised high internal phase emulsions using monomers in the internal phase as co-surfactants for improved liquid chromatography. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9773-9785. [PMID: 35424961 PMCID: PMC8961205 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07705h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)-based monoliths were prepared from the polymerisation of water-in-monomer high internal phase emulsions, where the water-soluble monomers acrylamide (AAm) or poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) (Mw 258) were also included in the 90 vol% internal phase. Both AAm and PEGDA were found to act as co-surfactants, resulting in the obtainment of monoliths with greater homogeneity in some cases. As a result these materials demonstrated significantly improved chromatographic performance for the separation of a standard mixture of proteins using reversed-phase liquid chromatography, in comparison to monoliths prepared with no internal phase monomer. In particular, the columns grafted with PEGDA were capable of separating a more complex mixture consisting of seven components. The inclusion of monomers in the internal phase also allowed for the functionalisation of the monolith's surface where the degree of polymerisation that occurred in the internal phase, which was governed by the monomer content in the internal phase and initiation location, determined whether polymeric chains or a hydrogel were grafted to the surface. A monolith grafted with AAm was also found to be capable of retaining polar analytes as a result of the increase in surface hydrophilicity. Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)-based monoliths prepared from the polymerisation of water-in-monomer high internal phase emulsions, where water-soluble monomers acrylamide or poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (Mw 258) were included in internal phase.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Desire
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania Hobart Australia.,University of South Australia, STEM, Future Industries Institute SA 5000 Australia
| | - R Dario Arrua
- University of South Australia, STEM, Future Industries Institute SA 5000 Australia
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Tanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - Stefan A F Bon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Emily F Hilder
- University of South Australia, STEM, Future Industries Institute SA 5000 Australia
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Wernert V, Nguyen KL, Levitz P, Coasne B, Denoyel R. Impact of surface diffusion on transport through porous materials. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1665:462823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Schulze JS, Brand RD, Hering JG, Riegger LM, Schreiner PR, Smarsly BM. DMAP immobilized on porous silica particles and monoliths for the esterification of phenylethanol in continuous flow. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Schulze
- Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen Institute of Physical Chemistry 35392 Giessen GERMANY
| | - Raoul D. Brand
- Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen Institute of Physical Chemistry 35392 Giessen GERMANY
| | | | - Luise M. Riegger
- Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen Institute of Physical Chemistry 35392 Giessen GERMANY
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen Institute of Organic Chemistry 35392 Giessen GERMANY
| | - Bernd M. Smarsly
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Heinrich Buff Ring 17 35392 Gießen GERMANY
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16
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Chankvetadze B. Our research cooperation with Professor Yoshio Okamoto. Chirality 2022; 34:630-645. [PMID: 35048410 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes our cooperation with the research group of Prof. Yoshio Okamoto at Nagoya University during the period of time between 1992 and 2005. Although the text deals entirely with enantioseparations in high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and capillary electrochromatography, this is not a detailed review in any of these areas. The text highlights selected aspects of these techniques, which have been the subject of our joint research and in part their reflection in follow-up research by our and other research groups. Together with more systematically studied topics, aspects such as ultrafast separation of enantiomers, uncommonly high separation factor of enantiomers and other related issues are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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17
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Song Z, Li J, Lu W, Li B, Yang G, Bi Y, Arabi M, Wang X, Ma J, Chen L. Molecularly imprinted polymers based materials and their applications in chromatographic and electrophoretic separations. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Grooten Y, Marcelis Q, Mangelings D, Vander Heyden Y. Evaluating micellar liquid chromatographic methods on octadecyl particle-based and monolithic columns to predict the skin permeation of drug and cosmetic molecules. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1663:462753. [PMID: 34954537 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A micellar liquid chromatographic method was developed to assist in the modeling of the skin permeability of pharmaceutical and cosmetic compounds. The composition of the mobile phase was determined by means of a two-factor central composite design, after which it was tested on both a particle-based and monolithic column. The latter provided the opportunity to increase the flow rate from 1 to 8 mL/min without reaching too high backpressures. The micellar conditions allowed analyzing a large test set of compounds with diverse characteristics with just one mobile-phase composition. The obtained experimental chromatographic descriptors besides two sets of theoretical molecular descriptors were used to model the skin permeability coefficient log Kp, applying multiple linear regression and partial least squares regression approaches. The micellar method on the monolithic column provided useful models with similar or even slightly better performance parameters than the method on the particle-based column. Furthermore, a much faster analysis can be achieved when applying a flow rate of 8 mL/min, making the micellar monolithic method ideal to estimate skin permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Grooten
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels B-1090, Belgium.
| | - Quinten Marcelis
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels B-1090, Belgium.
| | - Debby Mangelings
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels B-1090, Belgium.
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels B-1090, Belgium.
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Highly Efficient Purification of Recombinant VSV-∆G-Spike Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 by Flow-Through Chromatography. BIOTECH 2021; 10:biotech10040022. [PMID: 35822796 PMCID: PMC9245476 DOI: 10.3390/biotech10040022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports a highly efficient, rapid one-step purification process for the production of the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine, rVSV-∆G-spike (rVSV-S), recently developed by the Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR) for the prevention of COVID-19. Several purification strategies are evaluated using a variety of chromatography methods, including membrane adsorbers and packed-bed ion-exchange chromatography. Cell harvest is initially treated with endonuclease, clarified, and further concentrated by ultrafiltration before chromatography purification. The use of anion-exchange chromatography in all forms results in strong binding of the virus to the media, necessitating a high salt concentration for elution. The large virus and spike protein binds very strongly to the high surface area of the membrane adsorbents, resulting in poor virus recovery (<15%), while the use of packed-bed chromatography, where the surface area is smaller, achieves better recovery (up to 33%). Finally, a highly efficient chromatography purification process with CaptoTM Core 700 resin, which does not require binding and the elution of the virus, is described. rVSV-S cannot enter the inner pores of the resin and is collected in the flow-through eluent. Purification of the rVSV-S virus with CaptoTM Core 700 resulted in viral infectivity above 85% for this step, with the efficient removal of host cell proteins, consistent with regulatory requirements. Similar results were obtained without an initial ultrafiltration step.
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20
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Poddar S, Sharmeen S, Hage DS. Affinity monolith chromatography: A review of general principles and recent developments. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2577-2598. [PMID: 34293192 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Affinity monolith chromatography (AMC) is a liquid chromatographic technique that utilizes a monolithic support with a biological ligand or related binding agent to isolate, enrich, or detect a target analyte in a complex matrix. The target-specific interaction exhibited by the binding agents makes AMC attractive for the separation or detection of a wide range of compounds. This article will review the basic principles of AMC and recent developments in this field. The supports used in AMC will be discussed, including organic, inorganic, hybrid, carbohydrate, and cryogel monoliths. Schemes for attaching binding agents to these monoliths will be examined as well, such as covalent immobilization, biospecific adsorption, entrapment, molecular imprinting, and coordination methods. An overview will then be given of binding agents that have recently been used in AMC, along with their applications. These applications will include bioaffinity chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography, and dye-ligand or biomimetic affinity chromatography. The use of AMC in chiral separations and biointeraction studies will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Poddar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Sadia Sharmeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
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21
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Long-Term Retention and Separation Reproducibility for Analytical Scale Fused-Core® Columns. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Vitek R, do Nascimento FH, Masini JC. Polymer monoliths for the concentration of viruses from environmental waters: A review. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:134-148. [PMID: 34128332 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Even at low concentrations in environmental waters, some viruses are highly infective, making them a threat to human health. They are the leading cause of waterborne enteric diseases. In agriculture, plant viruses in irrigation and runoff water threat the crops. The low concentrations pose a challenge to early contamination detection. Thus, concentrating the virus particles into a small volume may be mandatory to achieve reliable detection in molecular techniques. This paper reviews the organic monoliths developments and their applications to concentrate virus particles from waters (waste, surface, tap, sea, and irrigation waters). Free-radical polymerization and polyaddition reactions are the most common strategies to prepare the monoliths currently used for virus concentration. Here, the routes for preparing and functionalizing both methacrylate and epoxy-based monoliths will be shortly described, following a revision of their retention mechanisms and applications in the concentration of enteric and plant viruses in several kinds of waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Vitek
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Fernando H do Nascimento
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge C Masini
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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A New Direction in Microfluidics: Printed Porous Materials. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12060671. [PMID: 34201216 PMCID: PMC8229541 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the feasibility of a novel direction for microfluidics is studied by demonstrating a set of new methods to fabricate microfluidic systems. Similarly to microfluidic paper-based analytical devices, porous materials are being used. However, alternative porous materials and different printing methods are used here to give the material the necessary pattern to act as a microfluidic system. In this work, microfluidic systems were produced by the following three separate methods: (1) by curing a porous monolithic polymer sheet into a necessary pattern with photolithography, (2) by screen printing silica gel particles with gypsum, and (3) by dispensing silica gel particles with polyvinyl acetate binder using a modified 3D printer. Different parameters of the printed chips were determined (strength of the printed material, printing accuracy, printed material height, wetting characteristics, repeatability) to evaluate whether the printed chips were suitable for use in microfluidics. All three approaches were found to be suitable, and therefore the novel approach to microfluidics was successfully demonstrated.
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Machado LS, Soares FQ, Martins RO, Bernardo RA, Cardoso AT, Ruggiero MA, Rabelo D, Souza PS, Chaves AR. Polypyrrole monolithic extraction phase: From conventional to miniaturized sample preparation techniques. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462260. [PMID: 34090059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Monolithic polymers are described as continuous and highly porous materials. They have been gaining popularity as an effective extracting phase for some sample preparation methods, due to their variety of functionalities, such as wide pH range tolerance, good permeability, and its ability to allow changes into their surface. Polypyrrole represents an interesting alternative for the modification in extraction phases due to its well related ability to perform multiple interactions, such as acid-base, π - π, ion exchange, interactions with hydrophobic affinities or polar functional groups. Among the different sample preparation techniques, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is one of the most popular and used; a miniaturized version of SPE is the disposable pipette extraction (DPX). DPX is a recent miniaturized extraction technique that usually employing silica-based sorbents inside a pipette tip (5 or 1 mL). The present study proposes the development of a monolithic extraction phase composed by styrene divinylbenzene (1:1) modified with polypyrrole for SPE and DPX techniques. The efficiency of the material was evaluated in face of the extraction of different samples and analytes, triazine herbicides in water and dexamethasone in synthetic synovial liquid by conventional and miniaturized solid-phase extraction techniques. The extractions performed by SPE and DPX presented absolute recovery values ranging from 74.8 to 105.0%, inter-day precision ranging from 0.6 to 14.0%, and limit of quantification of 0.5 and 5.0 ng.mL-1, respectively. The DPX miniaturized method exhibited results equivalent to the methods reported in the literature for extraction of dexamethasone in synovial fluid samples. Moreover, this technique proved to be quicker and cheaper than SPE, and produced fewer residual volumes, supporting the preference for green chemistry. Monolithic polymers modified with polypyrrole presented to be a feasible alternative extraction phase for miniaturized sample preparation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S Machado
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Francielle Q Soares
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Goiás, campus Inhumas, Inhumas, GO, Brazil
| | - Rafael O Martins
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Bernardo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra T Cardoso
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Denilson Rabelo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Souza
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Andréa R Chaves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil.
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Miyabe K. Simple Moment Analysis for a Kinetic Study of the Chromatographic Behavior of Spherical Particles and Silica Monoliths. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:593-598. [PMID: 33041310 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple procedure of moment analysis was proposed for a kinetic study of the rate processes in the columns packed with full-porous spherical particles and silica monoliths. Previous chromatographic data measured in reversed-phase HPLC systems using Mightysil and Chromolith columns were analyzed by a simple moment analysis. The surface of the packing materials is chemically modified with octadecyl alkyl ligands. A mixture of methanol and water (80/20, v/v) and alkylbenzene homologous series (C6H5CnH2n+1, n = 0 - 7) were used as the mobile-phase solvent and sample probes, respectively. More detailed information about the experimental conditions is provided in Supporting Information. The values of the intra-stationary phase diffusivity (De) and the surface diffusion coefficient (Ds), derived by the simple moment analysis, were almost the same as those by the conventional moment analysis. The simple moment analysis is effective for quantitative studies of mass transfer in chromatographic systems. The previous chromatographic data were also analyzed by assuming external porosity (εe) as typical values, i.e., 0.40 for spherical particles and 0.70 for silica monoliths. The resulting values of De and Ds were of the same order of magnitude as those derived by using εe experimentally measured. Even if εe is assumed to be typical values, the simple moment analysis is effective for preliminary studies of the mass-transfer kinetics in the columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Miyabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University
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26
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Zhang L, Li Y, Wang Y, Ma S, Ou J, Shen Y, Ye M, Uyama H. Integration of covalent organic frameworks into hydrophilic membrane with hierarchical porous structure for fast adsorption of metal ions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124390. [PMID: 33158649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) including their preparation and application as research focus have attracted attention of researchers. Most of COFs exhibit the powder form, therefore they inevitably suffer many difficulties during use of catalysis, separation and so on. In previous study, our group have fabricated COF-based monoliths through ring-opening polymerization in which the micropores/mesopores of COF were easily blocked by unreacted monomer and solvent resulting in low specific surface area of COF-based monoliths. Herein, we designed and fabricated two kinds of hydrazone-linked COF-integrated chitosan membranes (CM@COF and COF@CM) with hierarchical porous structure using chitosan, poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE), 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (TP), oxalyldihydrazide (ODH) in the presence of mesitylene and 1,4-dioxane, and acetic acid as catalyst. The resulting CM@COF is monolithic material to overcome disadvantages of COF powder, meanwhile it possessed hierarchical porous structure containing mesoporous and macroporous structure and higher specific surface area (117.4 m2 g-1) than chitosan membrane (0.4 m2 g-1). And the CM@COF was applied to adsorption of heavy metal ion, and its adsorption capacities for Cu(II) and Cr(VI) ions were 144 mg g-1 (pH = 7) and 388 mg g-1 (pH = 6), respectively, indicating that the CM@COF had potential for fast removal of heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ya Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shujuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Junjie Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yehua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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27
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Ganewatta N, El Rassi Z. Polymethacrylate-based monolithic column with incorporated carbamide-modified fumed silica nanoparticles for hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.1899940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ziad El Rassi
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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28
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Gritti F, Hlushkou D, Tallarek U. Multiple-open-tubular column enabling transverse diffusion. Part 2: Channel size distribution and structure optimization. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1642:462033. [PMID: 33714774 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple-open-tubular columns enabling transverse diffusion (MOTTD) are made of straight, parallel, and cylindrical flow channels separated by a mesoporous stationary phase. In Part 1, a model of band broadening along MOTTD columns accounting for longitudinal diffusion, the trans-channel velocity bias, and mass transfer resistance in the stationary phase was proposed and validated. In this Part 2, the model is completed by considering the impact of short-range inter-channel velocity biases on the MOTTD plate number. These velocity biases are caused by the wide distribution of the channel diameters. Different ratios, ρ, of the average inner diameter, 2<rc>, of the flow channels to their closest center-to-center distance d (d= 5 μm, ρ= 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9) with a relative standard deviation (RSD) increasing from 0 to 50% are considered. The zone retention factor k1 was increased from 1 to 25. The complete model of band broadening is validated after adjustment to dispersion data obtained by 1) the lattice-Boltzmann method for modeling fluid flow, 2) a random-walk particle-tracking (RWPT) technique to address advective-diffusive transport, and 3) by considering two distinct populations of flow channels (inner radii rc,1=<rc>(1-RSD) and rc,2=<rc>(1+RSD)) arranged at the nodes of a hexagonal compact array. The completed model of band broadening in MOTTD columns reveals that the RSD of the channel diameters has only a moderate impact on the optimum plate number of MOTTD columns: the relative increase of the minimum plate height do not exceed 30% even for the largest RSDs. However, when the mass transfer of the analyte is governed by its slow rate of transverse diffusion across the MOTTD column, the plate height can be increased by up to 100% at high average velocities. Regarding the best trade-off between analysis speed and column performance at a fixed pressure drop of 400 bar, irrespective of the zone retention factor and RSD of the distribution of the channel diameters, the fastest analyses are recommended for MOTTD columns having a small structural parameter ρ. In contrast, for the longest analysis times, the largest values of ρ are required to maximize the performance of MOTTD columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Gritti
- Waters Corporation, Instrument/Core Research/Fundamental, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA, 01757, USA.
| | - Dzmitry Hlushkou
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Ulrich Tallarek
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, Marburg 35032, Germany
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29
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Advancements in the preparation and application of monolithic silica columns for efficient separation in liquid chromatography. Talanta 2021; 224:121777. [PMID: 33379011 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fast and efficient separation remains a big challenge in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The need for higher efficiency and resolution in separation is constantly in demand. To achieve that, columns developed are rapidly moving towards having smaller particle sizes and internal diameters (i.d.). However, these parameters will lead to high back-pressure in the system and will burden the pumps of the HPLC instrument. To address this limitation, monolithic columns, especially silica-based monolithic columns have been introduced. These columns are being widely investigated for fast and efficient separation of a wide range of molecules. The present article describes the current methods developed to enhance the column efficiency of particle packed columns and how silica monolithic columns can act as an alternative in overcoming the low permeability of particle packed columns. The fundamental processes behind the fabrication of the monolith including the starting materials and the silica sol-gel process will be discussed. Different monolith derivatization and end-capping processes will be further elaborated and followed by highlights of the performance such monolithic columns in key applications in different fields with various types of matrices.
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30
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Removal of thorium(IV) ions from aqueous solution by polyacrylamide-based monoliths: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Koreshkova AN, Gupta V, Peristyy A, Hasan CK, Nesterenko PN, Paull B. Recent advances and applications of synthetic diamonds in solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1640:461936. [PMID: 33548824 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since the advent of diamond-based adsorbents in the late 1960s, the interest in their use for solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has steadily increased. This is primarily due to their unique properties, such as extreme chemical and thermal stability, high mechanical strength and biocompatibility, and complex mixed-mode retention mechanisms. Currently, the most commonly used synthetic diamonds in SPE and HPLC are detonation nanodiamonds (DND), high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) diamonds, and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamonds. These diamonds have been either used as individual particles (in both modified and unmodified forms), or for surface modification, or entrapped within composites and core-shell particles to develop new diamond-based adsorbents. These diamond-based adsorbents have been used for a variety of applications, including streamlined proteome analysis; extraction of anions, cations, actinides, uranium, lanthanides, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and post-transition metals; and development of reversed-phase, normal phase, hydrophilic interaction, ion chromatography, and mixed-mode liquid chromatography columns, to name but a few. These varied applications of different types of diamonds are typically governed by their specific properties. This review discusses the various surface and bulk properties of DND, HPHT diamonds, and CVD diamonds that facilitate or limit their use in different SPE and HPLC based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra N Koreshkova
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Vipul Gupta
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Anton Peristyy
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Chowdhury K Hasan
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; School of Environment and Life Sciences, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Pavel N Nesterenko
- Chemistry Department, Physical Chemistry Division, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
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32
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Wahab MF, Roy D, Armstrong DW. The theory and practice of ultrafast liquid chromatography: A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1151:238170. [PMID: 33608081 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Modern high-throughput experimentation and challenging analytical problems of academic/industrial research have put the responsibility on separation scientists to develop new fast separation approaches. With the availability of high-pressure pumps, small particles with hydrolytically stable surface chemistries, reduced extra-column band broadening, and low volume detectors with fast signal processing, it is now feasible to do sub-minute to sub-second chromatography. Herein, the fundamental theoretical principles of ultrafast chromatography, along with practical solutions, are reviewed. Approaches for rapid separations in packed beds, narrow open tubular columns, and monoliths are demonstrated, along with the challenges that were faced. The instrumentation requirements (pumps, injection systems, detectors, column packing process) for using short columns ranging from 0.5 to 5 cm are examined, followed by real applications. One of the main problems in ultrafast chromatography is partial or complete peak overlap. As per Gidding's statistical overlap theory, peak overlap cannot be avoided for a completely random sample for a column with a given peak capacity. Signal processing techniques based on Fourier transform deconvolution of band broadening, power laws, derivatives, and iterative curve fitting are explained to help improve the chromatographic resolution. An example of ten peaks separated in under a second is shown and discussed. Other ultrafast separations in supercritical fluid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis are briefly mentioned to provide a complete understanding of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farooq Wahab
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA.
| | - Daipayan Roy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA.
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33
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Ganewatta N, El Rassi Z. Organic polymer monolithic columns with incorporated bare and cyano-modified fumed silica nanoparticles for use in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Anal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-020-00239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis research article presents the preparation and characterization of monolithic columns with incorporated bare fumed silica nanoparticles (FSNPs) and cyano-modified FNSPs (CN-FSNPs) and their subsequent use in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) of neutral, polar, and low molecular weight solutes. The monolithic support was based on the in situ polymerization of glyceryl monomethacrylate (GMM) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) yielding the poly(GMM-co-EDMA) monolith for the incorporation of bare FNSPs and of CN-FSNPs. The poly(GMM-co-EDMA) functioned as a “true support” for bare FSNPs and CN-FSNPs “stationary phases” as manifested by bare FSNPs and CN-FSNPs being the major contributors to solute retention and column selectivity. Overall, the prepared bare FSNPs and CN-FSNPs stationary phases proved useful in HILIC of small polar solutes including dimethylformamide, formamide, thiourea, nucleobases, nucleosides, organic acids, food additives, vitamins, and biological amines.
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34
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Portable automated handheld sample collection-preparation instrument for airborne volatile substances. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Ding M, Yang L, Zeng J, Yan X, Wang Q. Orderly MOF-Assembled Hybrid Monolithic Stationary Phases for Nano-Flow HPLC. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15757-15765. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ding
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Limin Yang
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiahui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaowen Yan
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiuquan Wang
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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36
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Rodriguez EL, Poddar S, Iftekhar S, Suh K, Woolfork AG, Ovbude S, Pekarek A, Walters M, Lott S, Hage DS. Affinity chromatography: A review of trends and developments over the past 50 years. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1157:122332. [PMID: 32871378 PMCID: PMC7584770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The field of affinity chromatography, which employs a biologically-related agent as the stationary phase, has seen significant growth since the modern era of this method began in 1968. This review examines the major developments and trends that have occurred in this technique over the past five decades. The basic principles and history of this area are first discussed. This is followed by an overview of the various supports, immobilization strategies, and types of binding agents that have been used in this field. The general types of applications and fields of use that have appeared for affinity chromatography are also considered. A survey of the literature is used to identify major trends in these topics and important areas of use for affinity chromatography in the separation, analysis, or characterization of chemicals and biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saumen Poddar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Sazia Iftekhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Kyungah Suh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Ashley G Woolfork
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Susan Ovbude
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Allegra Pekarek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Morgan Walters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Shae Lott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
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37
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Kube SA, Turke K, Ellinghaus R, Wallacher D, Thommes M, Smarsly BM. Pore Size Gradient Effect in Monolithic Silica Mesopore Networks Revealed by In-Situ SAXS Physisorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11996-12009. [PMID: 32936653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In disordered mesopore networks, the size distribution and connection between adjacent pores control desorption. How network characteristics can be extracted from corresponding physisorption isotherms is still a matter of research. To elucidate this, we study krypton physisorption (117.8 K) in the mesopore networks of "Nakanishi"-type monolithic silica. Combining physisorption in scanning acquisition mode with synchrotron-based in-situ SAXS provides complementary information on pore-filling states. These data reveal a mean pore size gradient in which pores grow smaller towards the material's network center. This structural motif cannot be derived through conventional isotherm analysis, but it is clearly exposed through scanning desorption curves which do not quite converge but merge individually with the main desorption isotherm before the lower hysteresis closing point. Hence, our findings provide the basis to build advanced models for analyzing scanning isotherms and extracting network characteristics through new descriptors, such as pore size and connectivity distributions as a function of the distance from the network center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Kube
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, 15 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | | | | | - Dirk Wallacher
- Helmholtz Center Berlin for Materials and Energy, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Thommes
- Institute of Separation Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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38
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Dores-Sousa JL, Terryn H, Eeltink S. Morphology optimization and assessment of the performance limits of high-porosity nanostructured polymer monolithic capillary columns for proteomics analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1124:176-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Gritti F, Hlushkou D, Tallarek U. Multiple-open-tubular column enabling transverse diffusion. Part 1: Band broadening model for accurate mass transfer predictions. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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Ibrahim F, Magdy G, Wahba MEK. Utility of micellar liquid chromatography as an analytical tool for the estimation of three binary antibiotic mixtures. Application to biological fluids. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1790913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fawzia Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mary E. K. Wahba
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
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41
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Staniak M, Wójciak M, Sowa I, Tyszczuk-Rotko K, Strzemski M, Dresler S, Myśliński W. Silica-Based Monolithic Columns as a Tool in HPLC-An Overview of Application in Analysis of Active Compounds in Biological Samples. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143149. [PMID: 32660127 PMCID: PMC7397265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Monolithic fillings used in chromatography are of great interest among scientists since the first reports of their synthesis and use were published. In the 20 years since silica-based monolithic columns were introduced into the commercial market, numerous papers describing their chromatographical properties and utility in various branches of industry and scientific investigations were presented. This review is focused on possible applications of commercially available silica-based HPLC monolithic columns in the analysis of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Staniak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (I.S.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (I.S.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (I.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (I.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Myśliński
- Chair and Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
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42
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Yıldırım S, Karakoç HN, Yaşar A, Köksal İ. Determination of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin in urine and plasma by HPLC-FLD-DAD using pentafluorophenyl core-shell column: Application to drug monitoring. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4925. [PMID: 32557742 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of fluoroquinolones, which are used in the treatment of many bacterial infections, should be monitored in biological fluids as they exhibit concentration-dependent bactericidal activity. In this study, a liquid chromatography method for the determination of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin in human urine and plasma was developed for the first time. The efficiency of five different columns for the separation of these fluoroquinolones was compared. Experimental parameters that affect the separation, such as percentage of organic solvent, pH, temperature, gradient shape and detector wavelength, were optimized by a step-by-step approach. Using a pentafluorophenyl core-shell column (100 × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm), the separation of four analytes was accomplished in <7.5 min. The developed method was validated for the determination of analytes in both urine and plasma with respect to sensitivity, specificity, linearity (r ≥ 0.9989), recovery (79.46-102.69%), accuracy, precision and stability (85.79-111.07%). The intra- and inter-day accuracies were within 89.55-111.94% with relative standard deviations of 0.35-8.05%. The feasibility of method was demonstrated by analyzing urine and plasma samples of patients orally receiving levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin or moxifloxacin. The developed method is suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of these fluoroquinolones and can be applied to pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Yıldırım
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Hanife Nur Karakoç
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yaşar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - İftihar Köksal
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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43
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Abdulhussain N, Nawada S, Currivan S, Passamonti M, Schoenmakers P. Fabrication of polymer monoliths within the confines of non-transparent 3D-printed polymer housings. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1623:461159. [PMID: 32505275 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, 3D-printing has emerged as a promising enabling technology in the field of analytical chemistry. Fused-deposition modelling (FDM) is a popular, low-cost and widely accessible technique. In this study, RPLC separations are achieved by in-situ fabrication of porous polymer monoliths, directly within the 3D-printed channels. Thermal polymerization was employed for the fabrication of monolithic columns in optically non-transparent column housings, 3D-printed using two different polypropylene materials. Both acrylate-based and polystyrene-based monoliths were created. Two approaches were used for monolith fabrication, viz. (i) in standard polypropylene (PP) a two-step process was developed, with a radical initiated wall-modification step 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) as the initiator, followed by a polymerization step to generate the monolith; (ii) for glass-reinforced PP (GPP) a silanization step or wall modification preceded the polymerization reaction. The success of wall attachment and the morphology of the monoliths were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the permeability of the columns was studied in flow experiments. In both types of housings polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) monoliths were successfully fabricated with good wall attachment. Within the glass-reinforced polypropylene (GPP) printed housing, SEM pictures showed a radially homogenous monolithic structure. The feasibility of performing liquid-chromatographic separations in 3D-printed channels was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Abdulhussain
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park, University of Amsterdam 1098 HX Amsterdam, Netherlands; The Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), University of Amsterdam 1098 HX Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Suhas Nawada
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park, University of Amsterdam 1098 HX Amsterdam, Netherlands; The Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), University of Amsterdam 1098 HX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sinéad Currivan
- Centre for Research in Engineering Surface Technology (CREST), Technological University Dublin, FOCAS Research Institute, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Marta Passamonti
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park, University of Amsterdam 1098 HX Amsterdam, Netherlands; The Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), University of Amsterdam 1098 HX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Schoenmakers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park, University of Amsterdam 1098 HX Amsterdam, Netherlands; The Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), University of Amsterdam 1098 HX Amsterdam, Netherlands
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44
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Hara T, Izumi Y, Hata K, V. Baron G, Bamba T, Desmet G. Performance of small-domain monolithic silica columns in nano-liquid chromatography and comparison with commercial packed bed columns with 2 µm particles. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1616:460804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Felletti S, De Luca C, Lievore G, Pasti L, Chenet T, Mazzoccanti G, Gasparrini F, Cavazzini A, Catani M. Investigation of mass transfer properties and kinetic performance of high‐efficiency columns packed with C
18
sub‐2 μm fully and superficially porous particles. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1737-1745. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Giulio Lievore
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Tatiana Chenet
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzoccanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology“Sapienza” University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology“Sapienza” University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Ferrara Ferrara Italy
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46
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Eco-friendly production of metal nanoparticles immobilised on organic monolith for pepsin extraction. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2020-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Polymer monoliths modified by using nanoparticles (NPs) integrate high NP specific surface area with different monolith surface chemistry and high porosity. As a result, they have extensive applications within different fields, whereas nanomaterial-functionalised porous polymer monoliths have elicited considerable interest from investigators. This study is aimed at fabricating organic polymer-based monoliths from polybutyl methacrylate-co-ethylenedimethacrylate (BuMA-co-EDMA) monoliths prior to immobilization of gold or silver metal on the pore surface of the monoliths using reducing reagent (extracts of lemon peels). This was intended to denote a sustainable technique of immobilizing nanoparticles that are advantageous over physical and chemical techniques because it is safe in terms of handling, readily available, environmentally friendly, and cheap. Two different methods were used in the study to effectively immobilize nanoparticles on monolithic components. The outcomes showed that soaking the monolith rod in the prepared nano solution directly and placing it within ovens at temperatures of 80°C constituted the most effective method. Characterisation of the fabricated monolith was undertaken using SEM/EDX analysis, UV-vis. spectra analysis, and visual observation. The SEM analysis showed that nanoparticles were extensively immobilised on the surface polymers. Another peak was attained through EDX analysis, thus confirming the Au atom existence at 2.83% alongside another peak that proved the Ag atom existence at 1.92%. The fabricated components were used as sorbents for purifying protein. The ideal performance was achieved using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) immobilised organic monolith that attained a greater pepsin extraction recovery compared to silver nanoparticles (SNPs) immobilised organic monoliths alongside bare organic-based monolith.
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47
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Zhao WJ, Chen XY, Liu YQ, Li P, Li HJ. Liquid chromatographic separation of alkaloids in herbal medicines: Current status and perspectives. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1755-1772. [PMID: 32160388 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids are a widespread group of basic compounds in herbal medicines and have attracted great interest due to various pharmaceutical activities and desirable druggability. Their distinctive structures make chromatographic separation fairly difficult. Peak tailing, poor resolution, and inferior column-to-column reproducibility are common obstacles to overcome. In order to provide a valuable reference, the methodologies and/or strategies on liquid chromatographic separation of alkaloids in herbal medicines proposed from 2012 to 2019 are thoroughly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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48
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Teng X, Li F, Lu C. Visualization of materials using the confocal laser scanning microscopy technique. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2408-2425. [PMID: 32134417 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of materials science always benefits from advanced characterizations. Currently, imaging techniques are of great technological importance in both fundamental and applied research on materials. In comparison to conventional visualization methods, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is non-invasive, with macroscale and high-contrast scanning, a simple and fast sample preparation procedure as well as easy operation. In addition, CLSM allows rapid acquisition of longitudinal and cross-sectional images at any position in a material. Therefore, the CLSM-based visualization technique could provide direct and model-independent insight into material characterizations. This review summarizes the recent applications of CLSM in materials science. The current CLSM approaches for the visualization of surface structures, internal structures, spatial structures and reaction processes are discussed in detail. Finally, we provide our thoughts and predictions on the future development of CLSM in materials science. The purpose of this review is to guide researchers to build a suitable CLSM approach for material characterizations, and to open viable opportunities and inspirations for the development of new strategies aiming at the preparation of advanced materials. We hope that this review will be useful for a wide range of research communities of materials science, chemistry, and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Teng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering (BAICAS), State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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49
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Urban J. Are we approaching a post‐monolithic era? J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1628-1633. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Urban
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceMasaryk University Brno Czech Republic
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50
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Garkushina I, Polyakova I, PisarEv O. Effect of gel diffusion on the frontal sorption and desorption of erythromycin by molecularly imprinted polymeric monoliths. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1577452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Garkushina
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Polyakova
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg PisarEv
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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