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Zhang S, Wang Z, Yi L, Ye X, Suo F, Chen X, Lu X. Bacterial response to the combined pollution of benzo[a]pyrene and decabromodiphenyl ether in soil under flooding anaerobic condition. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133137. [PMID: 38056265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the interaction between the co-pollutants of Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and the bacterial community in soil under flooding anaerobic condition. Three levels of combined pollution (at nominal concentrations of 1, 5, and 25 mg/kg, respectively, for each pollutant), their corresponding sterilized controls, and a blank control (CK) were set up. During the incubation time of 270 days, BaP attenuated more easily than BDE-209. The second-order rate constant of BaP attenuation was negatively correlated with the Ln value of initial BaP concentration. Maximal difference in bacterial community occurred between the CK soil and the highly polluted soil. Desulfomonilaceae, Parcubacteria and Rhodanobacter were probably involved in BaP and BDE-209 degradation, while Nitrosomonadaceae, Phenylobacterium and Mitochondria were significantly suppressed by BaP and BDE-209 or their degrading products. Genes narI, bcrC, fadJ, had, dmpC, narG and CfrA were involved in the degradation of BaP and BDE-209. Impacts of BaP and BDE-209 on metabolisms of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur were not significant. The results provide guidance for the management and remediation of the contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Lijin Yi
- Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Ye
- Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Fanyu Suo
- Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xuexia Chen
- Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Lu
- Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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Eguchi A, Matsukami H, Takahashi A, Kajiwara N. Simultaneous determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in plastic waste by short-column gas-chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry and electron capture detector. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130301. [PMID: 33794427 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To avoid recycling plastic waste containing polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) or hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), which are listed in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), a simple method to determine their contents at the time of waste disposal is needed. Herein, we developed a rapid analytical method using a gas chromatograph coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry or electron capture detection to simultaneously detect PBDEs and HBCD in plastic waste. PBDEs and HBCD were ultrasonically extracted from plastic samples using toluene. The dissolved polymer matrix was then removed using n-hexane and 44% H2SO4-impregnated silica gel before analysis of the extract. A run time of less than 10 min was achieved using a custom, short GC column (5 m). The detection limits of the method were below the upper threshold of the low POP content limits defined by the Basel Convention (<1000 mg kg-1 for both PBDEs and HBCD). The accuracy of the method was confirmed by analyzing seven polymer reference materials. The determined PBDE and HBCD concentrations in most of these reference materials were within 30% of the certified values; the coefficients of variation in triplicate analysis were also within 30%. The concentrations of PBDEs and HBCD in actual plastic waste measured by this method were comparable with those obtained by more sophisticated and expensive methods, such as GC-high-resolution MS for PBDEs and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for HBCD. Hence, the method developed herein is a less expensive alternative for identifying PBDE- and HBCD-containing wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Matsukami
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | | | - Natsuko Kajiwara
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
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3
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Cruz R, Marques A, Casal S, Cunha SC. Fast and environmental-friendly methods for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their metabolites in fish tissues and feed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:1503-1515. [PMID: 30235635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental-friendly, cost-effective and fast methods were developed and validated for the analysis of seven PolyBrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and eight methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs) in three distinct seafood matrices (muscle, liver and plasma) and feed using a Quick, Easy, Cheap, Efficient, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction approach for solid samples and a Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction method (DLLME) for plasma. Instrumental analyses were performed with gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using electron impact source (GC-EI-MS/MS) and negative ion chemical ionization (GC-NICI-MS) to assess BDE-209. Statistical validation showed recoveries for all target substances near 100% with average Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) lower than 9% and recovery standards higher than 65% (average RSD below 20%). Average calculated Method Detection Limits (MDLs) were lower than 65 pg·g-1 wet weight (WW) for muscle, 5.35 ng·g-1 WW for liver, 4.50 ng·g-1 WW for feed, and 0.60 ng·mL-1 for plasma samples. Quality assurance and quality control practices were comprehensively described. Methods scored high in an analytical Eco-scale, thus being classified as "an excellent green analysis". Finally, real seafood samples collected in local markets and local fishermen were analyzed. Positive samples presented both PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs in safe amounts (0.28-125.80 ng·g-1 WW) for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Cruz
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- IPMA, Divisão de Aquacultura e Valorização, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, I.P., Avenida de Brasília, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal; CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Casal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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4
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Trends in bond dissociation energies of brominated flame retardants from density functional theory. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dumitras M, Maftei D, Isac DL, Airinei A, Dirtu AC. Thermal Degradation Study of Decabromodiphenyl Ether. Translating Thermo-Analytical Results into Optimal Chromatographic Conditions. ACTA CHEMICA IASI 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/achi-2016-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the thermal degradation behavior of decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE 209), a flame retardant (FR) which accounts for more than 90% of the total polybrominated diphenyl ethers reported for indoor dust samples collected from Eastern Romania. Simultaneous TG/DTA was applied under various heating rate and atmospheres. The results of this study showed that BDE 209 undergoes thermal degradation in a single step, regardless of the heating rate or atmosphere, with an initial degradation temperature between 297 and 330 °C, depending on the heating rate, and a partial overlapping of melting and thermal degradation in the initial stages which might suggest that the common degradation noticed for the higher brominated FRs analysis might also occur during sample preparation or during injection of the extracts in the GC systems and not necessarily during column elution. The main findings of this research were aimed at designing proper GC analytical methods for the selected halogenated contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Dumitras
- Department of Chemistry, “Al. I. Cuza” University Iasi, 11 Carol I Bd, Iasi 700506, Romania
| | - Dan Maftei
- Department of Chemistry, “Al. I. Cuza” University Iasi, 11 Carol I Bd, Iasi 700506, Romania
| | - Dragos L. Isac
- Department of Chemistry, “Al. I. Cuza” University Iasi, 11 Carol I Bd, Iasi 700506, Romania Romania
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Grigore Ghica Voda Al., nr. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anton Airinei
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Grigore Ghica Voda Al., nr. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin C. Dirtu
- Department of Chemistry, “Al. I. Cuza” University Iasi, 11 Carol I Bd, Iasi 700506, Romania
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6
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Selective pressurized liquid extraction of replacement and legacy brominated flame retardants from soil. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1458:118-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Sapozhnikova Y, Lehotay SJ. Review of recent developments and applications in low-pressure (vacuum outlet) gas chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 899:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Brust H, Willemse S, Zeng T, van Asten A, Koeberg M, van der Heijden A, Bolck A, Schoenmakers P. Impurity profiling of trinitrotoluene using vacuum-outlet gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1374:224-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Paine MRL, Rae ID, Blanksby SJ. Direct detection of brominated flame retardants from plastic e-waste using liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1203-1208. [PMID: 24760560 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The worldwide generation of plastic electronic waste (e-waste) is reaching epic proportions. The presence of toxic brominated flame retardants (BFRs) within these materials limits their ability to be recycled, resulting in large amounts of e-waste reaching landfills. METHODS Liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry (LESA-MS) employing a chip-based nanoelectrospray coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer represents a novel control technology for directing e-waste streams for recycling. LESA-MS allows direct sampling and analysis of solid material, capable of detecting BFRs including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBP-A), the two most common flame retardant additives currently in circulation. RESULTS Authentic PBDE congeners and TBBP-A were deposited on glass and characterised by LESA-MS analysis. PBDEs are notoriously difficult to detect via electrospray; however, they were detected with ease by utilising a combination of nanoelectrospray and solvent doped with ammonium acetate. In situ detection of TBBP-A within plastic e-waste was also possible by performing LESA-MS on the surface of granulated material provided by a commercial waste depot. E-waste sample analysis was completely automated, with each sample analysed in less than 1 min. CONCLUSIONS LESA-MS is fast, simple, and robust allowing unambiguous detection of a range of additives through tandem mass spectrometry. LESA-MS does not require dissolution of the solid matrix nor the sample to be present under vacuum and the use of separative techniques prior to analysis is not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R L Paine
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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10
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Kefeni KK, Okonkwo JO. Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and dust particle size fractions adherent to skin in indoor dust, Pretoria, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:4376-4386. [PMID: 24323323 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine human exposure to the indoor toxicant, selection of dust fraction and understanding dust particle size distribution in settled indoor dust are very important. This study examined the influence of dust particle size on the concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) congeners, assessed the distribution of dust particle size and characterized the main indoor emission sources of PBDEs. Accordingly, the concentrations of PBDE congeners determined in different indoor dust fractions were found to be relatively higher in the order of dust particle size: 45-106 μm>(<45 μm)>106-150 μm. The finding shows arbitrary selection of dust fractions for exposure determination may result in wrong conclusions. Statistically significant moderate correlation between the concentration of Σ9PBDEs and organic matter content calculated with respect to the total dust mass was also observed (r=0.55, p=0.001). On average, of total dust particle size <250 μm, 93.4 % (m/m%) of dust fractions was associated with less than 150 μm. Furthermore, of skin adherent dust fractions considered (<150 μm), 86 % (v/v%) is in the range of particle size 9.25-104.7 μm. Electronic materials treated with PBDEs were found the main emission sources of PBDE congeners in indoor environment. Based on concentrations of PBDEs determined and mass of indoor dust observed, 150 μm metallic sieve is adequate for human exposure risk assessment. However, research in this area is very limited and more research is required to generalize the fact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebede Keterew Kefeni
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Department of Environmental, Water & Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa,
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11
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Ambient ionisation mass spectrometry for the characterisation of polymers and polymer additives: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 808:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Cequier E, Marcé RM, Becher G, Thomsen C. Determination of emerging halogenated flame retardants and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in serum by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1310:126-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Sapozhnikova Y, Lehotay SJ. Multi-class, multi-residue analysis of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and novel flame retardants in fish using fast, low-pressure gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 758:80-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Birgul A, Katsoyiannis A, Gioia R, Crosse J, Earnshaw M, Ratola N, Jones KC, Sweetman AJ. Atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the United Kingdom. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 169:105-111. [PMID: 22705503 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of PBDEs has been studied in the atmosphere of four sites in the United Kingdom over a period of ten years. The concentrations have exhibited a sharp decrease after 2001-2003. This is evident in the urban sites of Manchester and London and at the semi-rural site of Hazelrigg. The average ΣPBDE half-lives for these three sites were 3.4, 2.0 and 3.5 years respectively. ΣPBDEs concentrations in the UK (in 2010 ΣPBDEs < 10 pg m(-3)) are among the lowest reported in literature. Comparison of concentrations to estimated emissions and employment of PBDE profiles suggest that PBDEs in the UK atmosphere originate from primary emissions from products that contain mainly the penta-BDE technical mixture. The detection of BDE-183 in the majority of samples hints that octa-bromodiphenylether has also been used extensively in the UK, however to a smaller extent than the penta- product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Askin Birgul
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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15
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Abb M, Stahl B, Lorenz W. Analysis of brominated flame retardants in house dust. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:1657-1663. [PMID: 21724229 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to create a robust analytical method to analyse the flame retardants decabromodiphenylether (BDE-209), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) in house dust in order to estimate the degree of contamination of indoor environment. A liquid chromatography method equipped with a UV-detector and electro spray-tandem mass spectrometry was used to achieve this result. Applying an external calibration for BDE-209, an internal calibration for TBBPA, and a standard addition method for HBCD low limits of quantification were obtained. The analytical procedure was carried out under exclusion of UV-light as the target compounds potentially degrade when being exposed to UV-light. Empirical data were obtained in addition to the dust samples to estimate potential influences of apartment characteristics. A weak correlation between the number of electric devices and TBBPA was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Abb
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Germany.
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Whitehead T, Metayer C, Buffler P, Rappaport SM. Estimating exposures to indoor contaminants using residential dust. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2011; 21:549-64. [PMID: 21522188 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2011.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Residential dust has been used as a medium for assessing human exposures to a constellation of indoor contaminants including radionuclides, persistent organic pollutants, metals, allergens, and tobacco smoke. Here, we review and comment on investigations of household dust levels of particular analytes of health significance, namely polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In doing so, we not only describe methods for collecting and analyzing residential dust, but also describe global patterns in dust levels. Aside from geographic location, we discuss several potential determinants for dust levels of these contaminants. We also review previous estimates of the contribution of dust to overall intake of these three chemical classes and show how residential-dust measurements could be useful in either augmenting or replacing questionnaire-based assessment of human exposures in epidemiological studies. We conclude our review with a discussion of the current gaps in knowledge of worldwide dust levels and suggestions for how residential-dust measurements could be used to describe human exposures to chemicals in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Whitehead
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Ratola N, Alves A, Santos L, Lacorte S. Pine needles as passive bio-samplers to determine polybrominated diphenyl ethers. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:247-252. [PMID: 21742367 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in pine needles of three species (Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinea and Pinus nigra) collected in the NE Spain in an attempt to use this matrix for the biomonitoring of airborne PBDEs. The method used was based in ultrasonic extraction followed by alumina and Florisil clean-up and determination by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in negative chemical ionization. Recoveries were between 99% and 138%, limits of detection between 0.011 and 0.070 ng g(-1)-dw (0.232 ng g(-1)-dw for BDE 209) and repeatability lower than 13%. PBDE levels ranged between 0.027 ng g(-1)-dw and 13.04 ng g(-1)-dw, with predominance of BDE 209, followed by BDEs 47. P. halepensis was the species with the highest PBDE levels and P. nigra, the least, according to their widespread and remote distribution, respectively. The presence of PBDEs in pine needles was attributed to the release of in-use PBDEs, transport through atmosphere and adsorption upon lipid rich pine needles. Given the easy collection of pine needles, its ample distribution and its potential to accumulate airborne contaminants, this matrix is proposed as passive bio-sampler to be used in PBDE monitoring programs. CAPSULE Pine needles can be used to biomonitor airborne PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Ratola
- LEPAE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Aminlashgari N, Hakkarainen M. Emerging Mass Spectrometric Tools for Analysis of Polymers and Polymer Additives. MASS SPECTROMETRY OF POLYMERS – NEW TECHNIQUES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Wang D, Li QX. Application of mass spectrometry in the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2010; 29:737-775. [PMID: 19722247 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review summarized the applications of mass spectrometric techniques for the analysis of the important flame retardants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) to understand the environmental sources, fate and toxicity of PBDEs that were briefly discussed to give a general idea for the need of analytical methodologies. Specific performance of various mass spectrometers hyphenated with, for example, gas chromatograph, liquid chromatograph, and inductively coupled plasma (GC/MS, LC/MS, and ICP/MS, respectively) for the analysis of PBDEs was compared with an objective to present the information on the evolution of MS techniques for determining PBDEs in environmental and human samples. GC/electron capture negative ionization quadrupole MS (GC/NCI qMS), GC/high resolution MS (GC/HRMS) and GC ion trap MS (GC/ITMS) are most commonly used MS techniques for the determination of PBDEs. New analytical technologies such as fast tandem GC/MS and LC/MS become available to improve analyses of higher PBDEs. The development and application of the tandem MS techniques have helped to understand environmental fate and transformations of PBDEs of which abiotic and biotic degradation of decaBDE is thought to be one major source of Br(1-9)BDEs present in the environment in addition to direct loading from commercial mixtures. MS-based proteomics will offer an insight into the molecular mechanisms of toxicity and potential developmental and neurotoxicity of PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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Mingwu S, Chao W, Yongjuan J, Xinhua D, Xiang F. Determination of Selected Polybrominated Diphenylethers and Polybrominated Biphenyl in Polymers by Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography−Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:5154-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1003618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao Mingwu
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chao
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), Beijing, China
| | - Jia Yongjuan
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), Beijing, China
| | - Dai Xinhua
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), Beijing, China
| | - Fang Xiang
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), Beijing, China
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Richardson SD. Environmental Mass Spectrometry: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues. Anal Chem 2010; 82:4742-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101102d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Richardson
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605
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Pan X, Tang J, Li J, Guo Z, Zhang G. Levels and distributions of PBDEs and PCBs in sediments of the Bohai Sea, North China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:1234-41. [PMID: 20473428 DOI: 10.1039/c000340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-four surface sediments covering the whole water body of the Bohai Sea in North China were collected and analyzed for PBDEs and PCBs, to acquire information about their levels, distributions and possible sources. The results show that BDE 209 is the predominant congener with a mean value of 7000 pg g(-1) dry weight, two orders of magnitude higher than other BDE congeners. The concentrations of SigmaPBDE(7) (including BDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154 and 183) range from 220 to 900 pg g(-1) dw. Significant correlations were found between BDE congeners and total organic content (TOC) (r(2) = 0.48-0.73). Pearson analysis shows that most tri- to hepta-BDE congeners were closely correlated (r(2) > 0.69). Congener patterns varied little among most of the samples and all the detected BDE congeners make a relatively equal mass contribution to SigmaPBDE(7). Such a profile is notably different from any of the BDE commercial products. As for PCBs, only a few congeners were detected in certain samples. They ranged from nd-610 pg g(-1) dw with a mean value of 145 pg g(-1) dw, at the lower end of the range reported in remote areas of Europe and North America. The overall burdens of SigmaPBDE(7) and BDE 209 within the upper 3 cm sediment layer were estimated to be 0.95-1.25 t and 11-19 t respectively. The latter accounts for about 0.008-0.014% of total BDE 209 produced in China from 1999 to 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Pan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
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Covaci A, Dirtu AC, Voorspoels S, Roosens L, Lepom P. Sample Preparation and Chromatographic Methods Applied to Congener-Specific Analysis of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2010_81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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24
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Evaluation of the state-of-the-art measurement capabilities for selected PBDEs and decaBB in plastic by the international intercomparison CCQM-P114. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:1501-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Analysis of pesticide residues by fast gas chromatography in combination with negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6326-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang W, Sun Y, Wu C, Xing J, Li J. Polymer-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Novel Sol−Gel Solid-Phase Micro-extraction Coated Fiber for Determination of Poly-brominated Diphenyl Ethers in Water Samples with Gas Chromatography−Electron Capture Detection. Anal Chem 2009; 81:2912-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802123s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiya Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, and Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Yin Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, and Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Caiying Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, and Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Jun Xing
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, and Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Jianying Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, and Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, 518045, China
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27
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Jung J, Bae S, Lee L, Keun Shin J, Choi J, Lee S. Rapid identification of brominated flame retardants by using direct exposure probe mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Dorman FL, Overton EB, Whiting JJ, Cochran JW, Gardea-Torresdey J. Gas chromatography. Anal Chem 2008; 80:4487-97. [PMID: 18484737 DOI: 10.1021/ac800714x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank L Dorman
- Restek Corporation, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823, and Chemistry Department, Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania 16652, USA.
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Abdallah MAE, Ibarra C, Neels H, Harrad S, Covaci A. Comparative evaluation of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry versus gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of hexabromocyclododecanes and their degradation products in indoor dust. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1190:333-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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