1
|
Han C, Wang Q, Yao Y, Zhang Q, Huang J, Zhang H, Qu L. Thin layer chromatography coupled with surface enhanced Raman scattering for rapid separation and on-site detection of multi-components. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464217. [PMID: 37517317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The separation and detection of multi-component mixtures has always been a challenging task. Traditional detection methods often suffer from complex operation, high cost, and low sensitivity. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique is a high sensitivity, powerful and rapid detection tool, which can realize the specific detection of single substance components, but it must solve the problem that multi-component mixtures cannot be accurately determined. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) technology, as a high-throughput separation technology, uses chromatographic plate as the stationary phase, and could select different developing phases for separation experiments. The advantages of TLC technology in short distance and rapid separation are widely used in protein, dye and biomedical fields. However, TLC technology has limitations in detection ability and difficulty in obtaining ideal signal intensity. The combination of TLC technology and SERS technology made the operation procedure simple and the sample size small, which can achieve rapid on-site separation and quantitative detection of mixtures. Due to the rapid development of TLC-SERS technology, it has been widely used in the investigation of various complex systems. This paper reviews the application of TLC-SERS technology in food science, environmental pollution and biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiqin Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Qin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yue Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Hengchang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Lulu Qu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McCann R, Vázquez M, Stalcup A, Brabazon D. Fabrication of microstructured planar chromatography platforms via laser ablation. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.1933025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronán McCann
- I-Form Advanced Manufacturing Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Irish Separation Science Cluster, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mercedes Vázquez
- I-Form Advanced Manufacturing Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Irish Separation Science Cluster, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Apryll Stalcup
- Irish Separation Science Cluster, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dermot Brabazon
- I-Form Advanced Manufacturing Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Irish Separation Science Cluster, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Korzhikova-Vlakh E, Antipchik M, Tennikova T. Macroporous Polymer Monoliths in Thin Layer Format. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1059. [PMID: 33801786 PMCID: PMC8037505 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, macroporous polymer monoliths represent widely used stationary phases for a number of dynamic interphase mass exchange processes such as high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, electrochromatography, solid-phase extraction, and flow-through solid-state biocatalysis. This review represents the first summary in the field of current achievements on the preparation of macroporous polymer monolithic layers, as well as their application as solid phases for thin-layer chromatography and different kinds of microarray.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Korzhikova-Vlakh
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Mariia Antipchik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Tennikova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Unversitetskiy pr. 26, Petergof, 198584 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nandanwadkar SM, Mastiholimath V. A novel USP-HPTLC protocol compliant method for the simultaneous quantification of E-102, E-124, and E-133 azo dyes in consumer goods. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-020-00038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Kraai JA, Rorrer GL, Wang AX. Highly-porous diatom biosilica stationary phase for thin-layer chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1591:162-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Kirchert S, Schulz M, Oberle M, Morlock GE. Development of a new particulate 4-μm adsorbent layer for ultrathin-layer chromatography (miniaturized chromatogram). J Chromatogr A 2019; 1587:247-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
7
|
Fichou D, Morlock GE. Office Chromatography: Miniaturized All-in-One Open-Source System for Planar Chromatography. Anal Chem 2018; 90:12647-12654. [PMID: 30238745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Current high-performance-thin-layer-chromatography instrumentation is offline and stepwise automated. However, moderate miniaturization offers many advantages and together with the transfer of modern print and media technologies to the field of chromatography (office chromatography) it opens up new avenues. This is demonstrated in an all-in-one open-source system developed for planar chromatography and especially for ultrathin-layer chromatography. Using an InkShield board to control a thermal inkjet cartridge, picoliter drops were printed at a resolution of 96 dpi on the adsorbent layer. Using Marlin, a popular firmware in 3D printing, Cartesian movement of the print head was made possible for full control of the printing process. Open-source software was developed to control the device in each operation step. Sample solutions and mobile phase were inkjet-printed, exemplarily shown for the analysis of dye- or paraben-mixture solutions. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were investigated for documentation. For example, deep UV LEDs gave access to 254 nm light, and RGB LEDs gave access to the visible-light range. Calibration functions with correlation coefficients superior to 0.999 were obtained by videodensitometry. The developed modular open-source hardware was compact (26 × 31 × 26 cm3), light (<3 kg), and affordable (€810). For the given analyses, the footprint of current instrumentation needed was miniaturized by a factor of 9. The highly reduced material design complies with green chemistry and lean laboratory. The design and instruction to reproduce the all-in-one open-source system were made freely available at https://github.com/OfficeChromatography . It is intended to boost progress and understanding by the nature of do it yourself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Fichou
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ) , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ) , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zarzycki PK. Screening of macrocycles retention for microplanar analytical devices involving host-guest interactions and silica or octadecylsilica adsorbents. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1448687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł K. Zarzycki
- Department of Environmental Technologies and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Niamlang P, Supaphol P, Morlock GE. Performance of Electropun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibrous Phases, Shown for the Separation of Water-Soluble Food Dyes via UTLC-Vis-ESI-MS. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7080218. [PMID: 28796185 PMCID: PMC5575700 DOI: 10.3390/nano7080218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research in the miniaturization of planar chromatography led to various approaches in manufacturing ultrathin-layer chromatography (UTLC) layers of reduced thickness (<50 µm) along with smaller instrumentation, as targeted in Office Chromatography. This novel concept merges 3D print & media technologies with miniaturized planar chromatography to realize an all-in-one instrument, in which all steps of UTLC are automated and integrated in the same tiny device. In this context, the development of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber phases was investigated as well as its performance. A nanofibrous stationary phase with fiber diameters of 150–225 nm and a thickness of ca. 25 µm was manufactured. Mixtures of water-soluble food dyes were printed on it using a modified office printer, and successfully separated to illustrate the capabilities of such UTLC media. The separation took 8 min for 30 mm and was faster (up to a factor of 2) than on particulate layers. The mean hRF values ranging from 25 to 90 for the five food dyes were well spread over the migration distance, with an overall reproducibility of 7% (mean %RSD over 5 different plates for 5 dyes). The individual mean plate numbers over 5 plates ranged between 8286 and 22,885 (mean of 11,722 over all 5 dyes). The single mean resolutions RS were between 1.7 and 6.5 (for the 5 food dyes over 5 plates), with highly satisfying reproducibilities (0.3 as mean deviation of RS). Using videodensitometry, different amounts separated in parallel led to reliable linear calibrations for each dye (sdv of 3.1–9.1% for peak heights and 2.4–9.3% for peak areas). Coupling to mass spectrometry via an elution head-based interface was successfully demonstrated for such ultrathin layers, showing several advantages such as a reduced cleaning process and a minimum zone distance. All these results underline the potential of electrospun nanofibrous phases to succeed as affordable stationary phase for quantitative UTLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pimolpun Niamlang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, 96 Mu 3 Phutthamonthon Sai 5 Road, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand.
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Pitt Supaphol
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Olesik SV. Electrospun Nafion-Polyacrylonitrile nanofibers as an ion exchange ultrathin layer chromatographic stationary phase. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 970:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
11
|
Singh R, Bezuidenhout LW, Jemere A, Wang Z, Brett M, Harrison DJ. Engineering matrix-free laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry using glancing angle deposition films. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:631-638. [PMID: 28075041 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Thin, nanoporous films fabricated using Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) technology are demonstrated for solid matrix laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SMALDI-MS). GLAD allows facile engineering of nanoporosity, film thickness, post alignment, and material composition, as demonstrated here by the fabrication of Co-GLAD and Si-GLAD films for SMALDI, and by exploration of the SMALDI performance as a function of thickness, post density, and angle of the post relative to surface normal. METHODS GLAD films were prepared by electron beam evaporation onto silicon substrates, using steep angles of incidence for the vacuum deposition, with computer controlled substrate rotation. LDI from the GLAD films was evaluated using an MDS-Sciex time-of-flight (TOF) MALDI mass spectrometer. RESULTS Co-GLAD films give a limit of quantitation of 6 fmol for complex carbohydrate derivatives, and slanted-post Si-GLAD films show up to three times higher sensitivity than vertical post structures. Reproducibility of both Si and Co films is much higher than conventional MALDI methods for m/z below at least 2100 Da. Both reproducibility and detection limits are comparable to or better than other nano-structured materials. Co-GLAD films are significantly better in performance than Co powders or Co thin films on silicon substrates previously evaluated. CONCLUSIONS The flexibility of GLAD for thin film fabrication of LDI materials is demonstrated by the range of nanoporous materials that can be grown, and the fine control over structural conformation, thickness and porosity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Louis W Bezuidenhout
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2V4
| | - Abebaw Jemere
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2M9
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2V4
| | - Michael Brett
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2V4
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2M9
| | - D Jed Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2G2
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2M9
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Włodarczyk E, Zarzycki PK. Chromatographic behavior of selected dyes on silica and cellulose micro-TLC plates: Potential application as target substances for extraction, chromatographic, and/or microfluidic systems. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1298028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Włodarczyk
- Department of Environmental Technologies and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental, and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin, Poland
| | - Paweł K. Zarzycki
- Department of Environmental Technologies and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental, and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fichou D, Morlock GE. Open-Source-Based 3D Printing of Thin Silica Gel Layers in Planar Chromatography. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2116-2122. [PMID: 28208299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of open-source packages, 3D printing of thin silica gel layers is demonstrated as proof-of-principle for use in planar chromatography. A slurry doser was designed to replace the plastic extruder of an open-source Prusa i3 printer. The optimal parameters for 3D printing of layers were studied, and the planar chromatographic separations on these printed layers were successfully demonstrated with a mixture of dyes. The layer printing process was fast. For printing a 0.2 mm layer on a 10 cm × 10 cm format, it took less than 5 min. It was affordable, i.e., the running costs for producing such a plate were less than 0.25 Euro and the investment costs for the modified hardware were 630 Euro. This approach demonstrated not only the potential of the 3D printing environment in planar chromatography but also opened new avenues and new perspectives for tailor-made plates, not only with regard to layer materials and their combinations (gradient plates) but also with regard to different layer shapes and patterns. As such an example, separations on a printed plane layer were compared with those obtained from a printed channeled layer. For the latter, 40 channels were printed in parallel on a 10 cm × 10 cm format for the separation of 40 samples. For producing such a channeled plate, the running costs were below 0.04 Euro and the printing process took only 2 min. All modifications of the device and software were released open-source to encourage reuse and improvements and to stimulate the users to contribute to this technology. By this proof-of-principle, another asset was demonstrated to be integrated into the Office Chromatography concept, in which all relevant steps for online miniaturized planar chromatography are performed by a single device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Fichou
- Chair of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Chair of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chemical Separation on Silver Nanorods Surface Monitored by TOF-SIMS. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/1608056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The article introduces a possible chemical separation of a mixture of two compounds on the metal nanorods surface. A silver nanorods surface has been prepared by controlled electrochemical deposition in anodic alumina oxide (AAO) template. Rhodamine 6G and 4-aminothiophenol have been directly applied to the sampling point on a silver nanorods surface in an aliquot mixture. The position of the resolved compounds was analysed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) which measured the fragments and the molecular ions of the two compounds separated on the silver nanorods surface. Rhodamine 6G has been preconcentrated as 1.5 mm radial from the sampling point while 4-aminothiophenol formed a continuous self-assembled monolayer on the silver nanorods surface with a maximum molecular ion intensity at a distance of 0.5 mm from the sampling point. The separation of the single chemical components from the two-component mixture over the examined silver nanostructured films could clearly be shown. A fast separation on the mentioned nanotextured films was observed (within 50 s). This procedure can be easily integrated into the micro/nanofluidic systems or chips and different detection systems can be applied.
Collapse
|
15
|
Häbe TT, Morlock GE. Miniaturization of Instrumental Planar Chromatography with Focus on Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Moheman A, Alam MS, Mohammad A. Recent trends in electrospinning of polymer nanofibers and their applications in ultra thin layer chromatography. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 229:1-24. [PMID: 26792019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of polymer derived electrospun nanofibers by electrospinning as chromatographic sorbent bed for ultra-thin layer chromatography (UTLC) is a very demanding topic in analytical chemistry. This review presents an overview of recent development in the fabrication of polymer derived electrospun nanofibers and their applications to design UTLC plates as stationary phases for on-plate identification and separation of analytes from their mixture solutions. It has been reported that electrospun fiber based stationary phases in UTLC have enhanced separation efficiency to provide separation of analyte mixture in a shorter development time than those of traditional particle-based TLC stationary phases. In addition, electrospun UTLC is cost effective and can be modified for obtaining different surface selectivities by changing the polymer materials to electrospun devices. Electrospun UTLC plates are not available commercially till date and efforts are being rendered for their commercialization. The morphology and diameter of electrospun nanofibers are highly dependent on several parameters such as type of polymer, polymer molecular weight, solvent, viscosity, conductivity, surface tension, applied voltage, collector distance and flow rate of the polymer solution during electrospinning process. Among the aforementioned parameters, solution viscosity is an important parameter which is mainly influenced by polymer concentration. This review provides evidence for the fabrication of UTLC plates containing electrospun polymer nanofibers. Furthermore, the future prospects related to electrospinning and its application in obtaining of different types of electrospun nanofibers are discussed. The present communication is aimed to review the work which appeared during 2009-2014 on the application of polymer derived electrospun nanofibers in ultra thin layer chromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Moheman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Sarwar Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Ali Mohammad
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moheman A, Alam MS, Gupta A, Dhakate SR, Kumar A, Mohammad A. Fabrication of nanofiber stationary phases from chopped polyacrylonitrile co-polymer microfibers for use in ultrathin layer chromatography of amino acids. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15465d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile co-polymer microfibers of diameter 12.5 μm was used for electrospinning to produce nanofibers and then used as a stationary phase in UTLC for on-plate identification and separation of amino acid from drug sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Moheman
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Jamia Hamdard
- New Delhi 110062
- India
| | - M. Sarwar Alam
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Jamia Hamdard
- New Delhi 110062
- India
| | - A. Gupta
- Physics and Engineering of Carbon
- Division of Materials Physics and Engineering
- National Physical Laboratory (CSIR)
- New Delhi 110012
- India
| | - S. R. Dhakate
- Physics and Engineering of Carbon
- Division of Materials Physics and Engineering
- National Physical Laboratory (CSIR)
- New Delhi 110012
- India
| | - A. Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Jamia Hamdard
- New Delhi 110062
- India
| | - A. Mohammad
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202002
- India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Häbe TT, Morlock GE. Office Chromatography: Precise printing of sample solutions on miniaturized thin-layer phases and utilization for scanning Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1413:127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
19
|
Kanyal SS, Häbe TT, Cushman CV, Dhunna M, Roychowdhury T, Farnsworth PB, Morlock GE, Linford MR. Microfabrication, separations, and detection by mass spectrometry on ultrathin-layer chromatography plates prepared via the low-pressure chemical vapor deposition of silicon nitride onto carbon nanotube templates. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1404:115-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
20
|
Fast assessment of planar chromatographic layers quality using pulse thermovision method. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1373:211-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
21
|
Kanyal SS, Singh B, Cushman CV, Jankowski DT, Linford MR. Hydroxylation of the silica in microfabricated thin layer chromatography plates as probed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya S. Kanyal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Brigham Young University; Provo UT 84602 USA
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Brigham Young University; Provo UT 84602 USA
| | - Cody V. Cushman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Brigham Young University; Provo UT 84602 USA
| | - Daniel T. Jankowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Brigham Young University; Provo UT 84602 USA
| | - Matthew R. Linford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Brigham Young University; Provo UT 84602 USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Morlock GE. Miniaturized planar chromatography using office peripherals--office chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1382:87-96. [PMID: 25442326 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Office chromatography (OC) harnesses the novel combination of miniaturized planar separation science and modern print & media technologies. Interdisciplinary knowledge is the essence: Printing of solutions on powerful miniaturized planar separation materials in combination with image capturing and evaluation tools enables an innovative analytical online system. Site-specific printing as lines or areas on defined sections of the layer comprises important steps like application of samples, feeding of the mobile phase as well as supply of the derivatization reagent. Also printing of bioassays can be combined for effect-directed detections and the homogeneous printing of the ultrathin layer itself, enabling tailor-made gradient-layer or multi-layer plates. OC exploits image-giving miniaturized chromatograms being captured and processed with a flatbed scanner or mini-camera. Thus, miniaturized separation materials are the core of OC. Monolithic, electrospun, nanostructured glancing angle deposition and carbon nanotube-templated microfabricated layers or even pillar arrays or polymer brush coated sub-μm silica particles were demonstrated, showing promising results. Layer thicknesses from 50 μm down to few micrometers were explored. A high-throughput capacity is given through the parallel development of as many as possible tiny-printed samples on the separation material. The migration time was reduced to a few minutes and the calculated analysis time per sample lasted few seconds. Considering a substantially reduced solvent consumption at short run times for parallel analysis of numerous samples at the same time, OC is an appropriate analytical technique for green chemistry. OC facilitates the whole planar separation process to be performed with no other equipment but a combined device of printer and flatbed scanner or mini-camera. At the same time, OC can be expected to become a widespread and economical technique with the user-friendliness of high-end office tools, appealing to users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud E Morlock
- Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Interdisciplinary Research Centre (IFZ) and Institute of Nutritional Science, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Newsome TE, Olesik SV. Silica-based nanofibers for electrospun ultra-thin layer chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1364:261-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
24
|
Włodarczyk E, Baran MJ, Ślączka MM, Portka JK, Zarzycki PK. FINGERPRINTING OF SOOT DUST MATERIALS USING MICRO-TLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.907116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Włodarczyk
- a Section of Toxicology and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences , Koszalin University of Technology , Koszalin , Poland
| | - Michał J. Baran
- a Section of Toxicology and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences , Koszalin University of Technology , Koszalin , Poland
| | - Magdalena M. Ślączka
- a Section of Toxicology and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences , Koszalin University of Technology , Koszalin , Poland
| | - Joanna K. Portka
- a Section of Toxicology and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences , Koszalin University of Technology , Koszalin , Poland
| | - Paweł K. Zarzycki
- a Section of Toxicology and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences , Koszalin University of Technology , Koszalin , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nováková Z, Oriňáková R, Oriňák A, Škantárová L, Hubálek J, Lofaj F. Electrochemical synthesis and functionality evaluation of silver nanostructured layers. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nováková
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Comenius University; Mlynska Dolina SK-84215 Bratislava 4 Slovak Republic
| | - Renáta Oriňáková
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science; P.J. Šafárik University; Moyzesova 11 SK-04154 Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Oriňák
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science; P.J. Šafárik University; Moyzesova 11 SK-04154 Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Škantárová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science; P.J. Šafárik University; Moyzesova 11 SK-04154 Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Jaromír Hubálek
- Center SIX, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication; Brno University of Technology; Technicka 12 CZ-61600 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Lofaj
- Institute of Materials Research; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Watsonova 47 SK-04353 Košice Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rodenhausen KB, Schmidt D, Rice C, Hofmann T, Schubert E, Schubert M. Detection of Organic Attachment onto Highly Ordered Three-Dimensional Nanostructure Thin Films by Generalized Ellipsometry and Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-40128-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
|
27
|
Kirchner TB, Hatab NA, Lavrik NV, Sepaniak MJ. Highly ordered silicon pillar arrays as platforms for planar chromatography. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11802-8. [PMID: 24228860 DOI: 10.1021/ac402261p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unlike HPLC, there has been sparse advancement in the stationary phases used for planar chromatography. Nevertheless, modernization of planar chromatography platforms can further highlight the technique's ability to separate multiple samples simultaneously, utilize orthogonal separation formats, image (detect) separations without rigorous temporal demands, and its overall simplicity. This paper describes the fabrication and evaluation of ordered pillar arrays that are chemically modified for planar chromatography and inspected by fluorescence microscopy to detect solvent development and analyte bands (spots). Photolithography, in combination with anisotropic deep reactive ion etching, is used to produce uniform high aspect ratio silicon pillars. The pillar heights, diameters, and pitch variations are approximately 15-20 μm, 1-3 μm, and 2-6 μm, respectively, with the total pillar array size typically 1 cm × 3 cm. The arrays are imaged using scanning electron microscopy in order to measure the pillar diameter and pitch as well as analyze the pillar sidewalls after etching and stationary phase functionalization. These fluidic arrays will enable exploration of the impact on mass transport and chromatographic efficiency caused by altering the pillar array morphology. A C18 reverse stationary phase (RP), common RP solvents that are transported by traditional but uniquely rapid capillary flow, and Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as the preliminary analyte are used for this initial evaluation. The research presented in this article is aimed at understanding and overcoming the unique challenges in developing and utilizing ordered pillar arrays as a new platform for planar chromatography: focusing on fabrication of expansive arrays, studies of solvent transport, methods to create compatible sample spots, and an initial evaluation of band dispersion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa B Kirchner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wannenmacher J, Jim SR, Taschuk MT, Brett MJ, Morlock GE. Ultrathin-layer chromatography on SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, and ZrO2 nanostructured thin films. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1318:234-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
29
|
Rojanarata T, Plianwong S, Su-uta K, Opanasopit P, Ngawhirunpat T. Electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers as thin layer chromatographic media for eco-friendly screening of steroids adulterated in traditional medicine and nutraceutical products. Talanta 2013; 115:208-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
30
|
Zarzycki PK, Slączka MM, Włodarczyk E, Baran MJ. Micro-TLC Approach for Fast Screening of Environmental Samples Derived from Surface and Sewage Waters. Chromatographia 2013; 76:1249-1259. [PMID: 24078739 PMCID: PMC3779796 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work we demonstrated analytical capability of micro-planar (micro-TLC) technique comprising one and two-dimensional (2D) separation modes to generate fingerprints of environmental samples originated from sewage and ecosystems waters. We showed that elaborated separation and detection protocols are complementary to previously invented HPLC method based on temperature-dependent inclusion chromatography and UV-DAD detection. Presented 1D and 2D micro-TLC chromatograms of SPE (solid-phase extraction) extracts were optimized for fast and low-cost screening of water samples collected from lakes and rivers located in the area of Middle Pomerania in northern part of Poland. Moreover, we studied highly organic compounds loaded in the treated and untreated sewage waters obtained from municipal wastewater treatment plant "Jamno" near Koszalin City (Poland). Analyzed environmental samples contained number of substances characterized by polarity range from estetrol to progesterone as well as chlorophyll-related dyes previously isolated and pre-purified by simple SPE protocol involving C18 cartridges. Optimization of micro-TLC separation and quantification protocols of such samples were discussed from the practical point of view using simple separation efficiency criteria including total peaks number, log(product ΔhRF), signal intensity and peak asymmetry. Outcomes of the presented analytical approach, especially using detection involving direct fluorescence (UV366/Vis) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) visualization are compared with UV-DAD HPLC-generated data reported previously. Chemometric investigation based on principal components analysis revealed that SPE extracts separated by micro-TLC and detected under fluorescence and PMA visualization modes can be used for robust sample fingerprinting even after long-term storage of the extracts (up to 4 years) at subambient temperature (-20 °C). Such approach allows characterization of wide range of sample components that are present in given extract in high and middle concentration range. Due to protocol simplicity and low cost of analysis this method can be useful for preliminary sample screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł K Zarzycki
- Section of Toxicology and Bioanalytics, Koszalin University of Technology, Śniadeckich 2, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Kirchert S, Wang Z, Taschuk MT, Jim SR, Brett MJ, Morlock GE. Inkjet application, chromatography, and mass spectrometry of sugars on nanostructured thin films. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7195-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
33
|
Electrospun nanofiber layers with incorporated photoluminescence indicator for chromatography and detection of ultraviolet-active compounds. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1299:110-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
34
|
|
35
|
Jim SR, Foroughi-Abari A, Krause KM, Li P, Kupsta M, Taschuk MT, Cadien KC, Brett MJ. Ultrathin-layer chromatography nanostructures modified by atomic layer deposition. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1299:118-25. [PMID: 23768654 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Stationary phase morphology and surface chemistry dictate the properties of ultrathin-layer chromatography (UTLC) media and interactions with analytes in sample mixtures. In this paper, we combined two powerful thin film deposition techniques to create composite chromatography nanomaterials. Glancing angle deposition (GLAD) produces high surface area columnar microstructures with aligned macropores well-suited for UTLC. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) enables precise fabrication of conformal, nanometer-scale coatings that can tune surfaces of these UTLC films. We coated ∼5μm thick GLAD SiO2 UTLC media with <10nm thick ALD metal oxides (Al2O3, ZrO2, and ZnO) to decouple surface chemistry from the underlying GLAD scaffold microstructure. The effects of ALD coatings on GLAD UTLC media were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), gas adsorption porosimetry, and lipophilic dye separations. The results collectively show that the most significant changes occur over the first few nanometers of ALD coating. They further demonstrate independent control of film microstructure and surface characteristics. ALD coatings can enhance complex GLAD microstructures to engineer new composite nanomaterials potentially useful in analytical chromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Jim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Milojković-Opsenica D, Ristivojević P, Andrić F, Trifković J. Planar Chromatographic Systems in Pattern Recognition and Fingerprint Analysis. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
37
|
Lu T, Olesik SV. Electrospun polyvinyl alcohol ultra-thin layer chromatography of amino acids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 912:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
38
|
|
39
|
Beilke MC, Zewe JW, Clark JE, Olesik SV. Aligned electrospun nanofibers for ultra-thin layer chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 761:201-8. [PMID: 23312332 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication and implementation of aligned electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers as a stationary phase for ultra-thin layer chromatography (UTLC) is described. The aligned electrospun UTLC plates (AE-UTLC) were characterized to give an optimized electrospun mat consisting of high nanofiber alignment and a mat thickness of ~25 μm. The AE-UTLC devices were used to separate a mixture of β-blockers and steroidal compounds to illustrate the properties of AE-UTLC. The AE-UTLC plates provided shorter analysis time (~2-2.5 times faster) with improved reproducibility (as high as 2 times) as well as an improvement in efficiency (up to100 times greater) relative to non-aligned electrospun-UTLC (E-UTLC) devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Beilke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18(th) Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen J, Abell J, Huang YW, Zhao Y. On-chip ultra-thin layer chromatography and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3096-3102. [PMID: 22740336 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that silver nanorod (AgNR) array substrates can be used for on-chip separation and detection of chemical mixtures by combining ultra-thin layer chromatography (UTLC) and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The UTLC-SERS plate consists of an AgNR array fabricated by oblique angle deposition. The capability of the AgNR substrates to separate the different compounds in a mixture was explored using a mixture of four dyes and a mixture of melamine and Rhodamine 6G at varied concentrations with different mobile phase solvents. After UTLC separation, spatially-resolved SERS spectra were collected along the mobile phase development direction and the intensities of specific SERS peaks from each component were used to generate chromatograms. The AgNR substrates demonstrate the potential for separating the test dyes with plate heights as low as 9.6 μm. The limits of detection are between 10(-5)-10(-6) M. Furthermore, we show that the coupling of UTLC with SERS improves the SERS detection specificity, as small amounts of target analytes can be separated from the interfering background components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jensen DS, Kanyal SS, Gupta V, Vail MA, Dadson AE, Engelhard M, Vanfleet R, Davis RC, Linford MR. Stable, microfabricated thin layer chromatography plates without volume distortion on patterned, carbon and Al2O3-primed carbon nanotube forests. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1257:195-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
42
|
Jim S, Oko A, Taschuk M, Brett M. Morphological modification of nanostructured ultrathin-layer chromatography stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7203-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
43
|
Frolova AM, Konovalova OY, Loginova LP, Bulgakova AV, Boichenko AP. Thin-layer chromatographic plates with monolithic layer of silica: Production, physical-chemical characteristics, separation capabilities. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2352-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
44
|
Urbanova I, Svec F. Monolithic polymer layer with gradient of hydrophobicity for separation of peptides using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography and MALDI-TOF-MS detection. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2345-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
45
|
High performance stationary phases for planar chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2648-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
46
|
Oko A, Jim S, Taschuk M, Brett M. Analyte migration in anisotropic nanostructured ultrathin-layer chromatography media. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2661-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
47
|
Krause KM, Vick DW, Malac M, Brett MJ. Taking a little off the top: nanorod array morphology and growth studied by focused ion beam tomography. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:17558-17567. [PMID: 20879751 DOI: 10.1021/la103070x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The high surface area, large aspect ratio, and porous nature of nanorod arrays make them excellent foundation materials for many devices. Of the many synthesis techniques for forming nanorods, glancing angle deposition (GLAD) offers one of the more straightforward and flexible methods for ensuring control of alignment, porosity, and architecture of the nanorods. Here we demonstrate the first use of a dual-beam (focused ion beam (FIB) combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) instrument to section and image the internal morphology of a nanorod array fabricated using the GLAD technique. We have used the FIB-SEM to reconstruct the 3D composition of TiO(2) nanorods, allowing us to visualize for the first time the core structures of many potential devices. We have also been able to probe the relationship between critical parameters such as diameter (w(act)), internanorod spacing (ν(act)), center-to-center spacing (c(act)), and nanorod population density (d(act)) and the depth of the nanocolumn (t) for a single homogeneous structure. A continuous data set was obtained from a single 5-μm-thick GLAD film, avoiding the artifacts arising from the analysis of the top surfaces of multiple samples of varying thicknesses. An analysis of the acquired sectioned data has allowed us to determine that the critical nanocolumn parameters follow a power-law scaling trend with w(act) = 9.4t(0.35) nm, ν(act) = 15.2t(0.25) nm, c(act) = 24.8t(0.31) nm, and d(act) = 3402t(-0.65) columns μm(-2). Using the FIB/SEM images acquired for the TiO(2) nanorods, we have also investigated the evolution of individual nanocolumns and have observed that bifurcation and branching play a significant role in the extinction or survival of these nanorods. These findings will allow for the optimization of nanorod properties for device applications. Also, the FIB sectioning and reconstruction process developed here will permit for the investigation of nanorod arrays formed from a range of synthesis techniques and materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Krause
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2 V4.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jim SR, Taschuk MT, Morlock GE, Bezuidenhout LW, Schwack W, Brett MJ. Engineered anisotropic microstructures for ultrathin-layer chromatography. Anal Chem 2010; 82:5349-56. [PMID: 20507179 DOI: 10.1021/ac101004b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The strong dependence of separation behavior on ultrathin-layer chromatography (UTLC) stationary phase microstructure motivates continued UTLC plate design optimization efforts. We fabricated 4.6-5.3 mum thick normal phase silica UTLC stationary phases with several types of in-plane macropore anisotropies using the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) approach to engineering nanostructured thin films. The separation behaviors of two new media, isotropic vertical posts and anisotropic bladelike films, were compared to that of anisotropic chevron media. Channel-like structures within the anisotropic media introduced preferential mobile phase flow directions that could be exploited to give separation tracks diagonal to the development direction. Extraction of chromatograms from these angled tracks required the development of a new analytical approach that involved a commercial flatbed film scanner and custom numerical image analysis software. GLAD stationary phase performance was quantified using the Dimethyl Yellow dye separated from a lipophilic dye mixture over migration distances less than approximately 10 mm. The limits of detection were 10 +/- 4 ng for the vertical posts and 11 +/- 3 ng for the bladelike media. We obtained theoretical plate heights that varied with film microstructure between 12 and 28 mum. Unoptimized separation performance was comparable to that of other planar chromatography media. Macropore anisotropies engineered by GLAD may expand the capabilities of future UTLC stationary phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Jim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jemere AB, Bezuidenhout LW, Brett MJ, Harrison DJ. Matrix-free laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using silicon glancing angle deposition (GLAD) films. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:2305-2311. [PMID: 20623714 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Glancing angle deposition (GLAD) was used to fabricate nanostructured silicon (Si) thin films with highly controlled morphology for use in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (DIOS-MS). Peptides, drugs and metabolites in the mass range of 150-2500 Da were readily analyzed. The best performance was obtained with 500 nm thick films deposited at a deposition angle of 85 degrees . Low background mass spectra and attomole detection limits were observed with DIOS-MS for various peptides. Films used after three months of dry storage in ambient conditions produced mass spectra with negligible low-mass noise following a 15 min UV-ozone treatment. The performance of the Si GLAD films was as good as or better than that reported for electrochemically etched porous silicon and related materials, and was superior to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS for analysis of mixtures of small molecules between 150-2500 Da in terms of background chemical noise, detection limits and spot-to-spot reproducibility. The spot-to-spot reproducibility of signal intensities (100 shots/spectrum) from 21 different Si GLAD film targets was +/-13% relative standard deviation (RSD). The single shot-to-shot reproducibility of signals on a single target was +/-19% RSD (n = 7), with no indication of sweet spots or mute spots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abebaw B Jemere
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2M9
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Clark JE, Olesik SV. Electrospun glassy carbon ultra-thin layer chromatography devices. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4655-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|