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Frolova Y, Makarenko M, Kochetkova A. Analysis of Oleogel Volatile Profile Formation under Ultrasonic Treatment. Gels 2023; 9:823. [PMID: 37888396 PMCID: PMC10606149 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Under certain conditions, ultrasonic treatment of certain foods and ingredients can contribute to the appearance of an extraneous odor, which is not usual for them, especially in fat-containing products. Since the food sector uses high-intensity ultrasound to control the crystallization of fats, the development of foreign smells and secondary fat oxidation products may impact the quality and safety of such items. In this work, we studied the volatile compounds' profiles of oleogels structured with individual fractions of beeswax using ultrasonic treatment. For this work, six samples of oleogels were obtained. Sunflower oil was used as a fatty base, and three fractions of beeswax were used as gelators: hydrocarbon fraction (>99%), monoester fraction (>95%), and a mixture fraction of wax di- and triesters (10.1%), free fatty acids (40.1%), and free fatty alcohols (49.8%). The influence of ultrasonic treatment on the properties of oleogels was assessed using light microscopy in polarized light, texture analysis, gas chromatography with flame ionization, and mass spectrometric detection. Ultrasonic treatment affected the crystallization of oleogels and led to the formation of smaller crystals. At the same time, sonication led to both an increase and a decrease in the firmness of oleogels, depending on the composition of the gelator. As regards volatile compounds, a total of 121 fragrant substances were identified in all samples, including such groups as alkanes, alkenes, alkadienes, alkynes, alkadiynes, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, terpenes, alkyl alkane, and alkyl benzene derivatives. Ultrasonic treatment caused formation of new volatile unsaturated compounds. Some of them are known to have an unpleasant odor and thus might be responsible for the extraneous odor formation in studied fatty systems. Those were mainly (E)-2-octene, 1-heptene, 1,3-butadiene, and 1,3-octadiene in all oleogel samples. Sonicated samples B and C additionally had but-1-en-3-yne, pentenyne, and 1,3-butadiyne, whose odor can also be characterized as extraneous and distasteful. Several volatile compounds, supposed to be products of lipid oxidation, were also identified. Here we assume a reasonable approach is needed when selecting sonication conditions to prevent undesirable taste and flavor in oleogels and oleogel-based food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Frolova
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology and Foods for Special Dietary Uses, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety”, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mariia Makarenko
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety”, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alla Kochetkova
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology and Foods for Special Dietary Uses, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety”, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
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Kudláček K, La Nasa J, Ribechini E, Colombini MP, Nesměrák K. Study of the molecular compositions of ointments from the 18th baroque pharmacy of the Capuchin monastery in Hradčany (Prague, Czech Republic). Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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3
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Winkler-Moser JK, Anderson JA, Hwang HS. Texture and flavor evaluation of peanut butter stabilized with natural waxes. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1851-1864. [PMID: 35318670 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural peanut butter was stabilized with 1.0%-2.0% (w/w) beeswax (BW), candelilla wax (CLW), rice bran wax (RBW), or sunflower wax (SFW). The appearance, spreadability, mouthfeel, and flavor attributes of these samples were evaluated by a trained sensory panel using commercial stabilized peanut butter and a sample stabilized with hydrogenated cottonseed oil as references. The waxes and their blend ratio significantly (p < 0.05) influenced appearance, spreadability, firmness, mouthfeel, and flavor attributes. Samples with 1.5%-2.0% CLW, or 1.0%-1.5% RBW had the fewest differences in appearance and texture from the reference and commercial samples. However, an off-flavor was attributed to 1.5% or higher CLW. Samples stabilized with BW or with 1.0%-1.5% RBW had the fewest difference in flavor compared to the reference sample. Overall, samples stabilized with 1.0%-1.5% RBW scored closest to the commercial and reference samples. The response of CLW, RBW, and SFW (which was only evaluated for appearance and spreadability) indicates that amounts of these waxes could be tailored in different products to achieve a product with desirable texture and flavor as well as stability to oil loss. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research provides information that could be used by food companies that make seed or nut butters as spreads or as ingredients for use in foods. It shows the impact of the use of four types of waxes as stabilizers, at commercially relevant levels (< 3.0%), and at levels previously shown to be effective for stabilization, on the firmness, spreadability, and other texture and flavor attributes, and thus provides a starting point for optimization for commercial product specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill K Winkler-Moser
- USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Functional Foods Research Unit, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Julie A Anderson
- USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Functional Foods Research Unit, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Hong-Sik Hwang
- USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Functional Foods Research Unit, Peoria, Illinois, USA
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4
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SPME-GC–MS for the off-gassing analysis of a complex museum object. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Indoor Air Quality in Museum Display Cases: Volatile Emissions, Materials Contributions, Impacts. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The control of air quality in museum showcases is a growing issue for the conservation of the displayed artefacts. Inside an airtight showcase, volatile substances may rapidly concentrate and favor or directly cause the degradation or other unwanted phenomena on the objects. The role of materials used in the construction of museum display cases as a source of pollutants and volatile compounds dangerous for the cultural heritage integrity is here reviewed with an illustration of consequences and critical damages. Ways of assessing the suitability of materials used either in the construction or in use of the display cases are also discussed altogether with an overview of the possible choices for monitoring the air quality and limiting the concentration of volatile compounds in their interior.
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6
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Multi-modal approach for the characterization of resin carriers in Daylight Fluorescent Pigments. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Kearney M, Townsend J, Parkin I, Hidalgo M, Curran K. Factors affecting the practicality of solid-phase microextraction VOC analysis of artworks featuring polymeric materials in open environments. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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8
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Cerrato EJ, Cosano D, Esquivel D, Otero R, Jimémez-Sanchidrián C, Ruiz JR. A multi-analytical study of a wall painting in the Satyr domus in Córdoba, Spain. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 232:118148. [PMID: 32086044 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we conducted a careful study of the mortar and paint in the Roman wall painting housed by the triclinium of the so-called Domus in the Road Safety Education Park of Córdoba, Spain. A combination of X-ray diffraction, Raman and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies allowed the different substances used to obtain the pigments present in the painting to be identified. The painting was found to contain five different colours (red, yellow, blue, green and white) in various hues. The red pigment was obtained from hematite and the yellow pigment from goethite. The blue pigment, which was the least abundant, was prepared from Egyptian blue, and the green pigment from green earths. Finally, the white pigment came from lime. The binders used were identified by infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. The painting fragments studied contained vestiges of bee wax or its decomposition products, which suggests that the paint was applied encaustically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J Cerrato
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Daniel Cosano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Dolores Esquivel
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rocío Otero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - César Jimémez-Sanchidrián
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Rafael Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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Newsome GA, Kavich G, Alvarez-Martin A. Interface for Reproducible, Multishot Direct Analysis of Solid-Phase Microextraction Samples. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4182-4186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Asher Newsome
- Smithsonian Institution Museum Conservation Institute, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland 20746-2863, United States
| | - Gwénaëlle Kavich
- Smithsonian Institution Museum Conservation Institute, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland 20746-2863, United States
| | - Alba Alvarez-Martin
- Smithsonian Institution Museum Conservation Institute, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland 20746-2863, United States
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La Nasa J, Modugno F, Colombini MP, Degano I. Validation Study of Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS) in Heritage Science: Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Paint Varnishes by Portable Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2250-2258. [PMID: 31489561 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The identification at molecular level of organic materials in heritage objects as paintings requires in most cases the collection of micro-samples followed by micro-destructive analysis. In this study, we explore the possibility to characterize natural and synthetic resins used as paint varnishes by mean of non-invasive analysis of released volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). SIFT-MS is a portable direct mass spectrometric technique that achieves the analysis of VOCs at trace levels in real time, by controlled ultra-soft chemical ionization using eight different chemical ionization agents. We tested the portable instrumentation on different reference resins used as paint varnishes, both natural (mastic, dammar, and colophony) and synthetic (Paraloid B67, MS2A, Regalrez 1094, and polyvinyl acetate), to evaluate the possibility to acquire qualitative data for the identification of these materials in heritage objects avoiding any sampling. This new analytical approach was validated by comparison with the traditional approach for VOCs analysis based on solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) analysis. The results demonstrate the use of SIFT-MS as an in situ non-invasive and non-destructive mass spectrometric technique to identify organic materials, such as paint varnishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo La Nasa
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Modugno
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Degano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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11
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La Nasa J, Nardella F, Modugno F, Colombini MP, Ribechini E, Degano I. SIFT-ing archaeological artifacts: Selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry as a new tool in archaeometry. Talanta 2019; 207:120323. [PMID: 31594618 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A fast non-destructive approach based on the use of portable selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) was used for the first time to characterize organic materials in archaeological artifacts. The high sensitivity, specificity and selectivity SIFT soft chemical ionization mass spectrometry enabled us to investigate the composition of organic residues collected from ancient Egyptian findings in order to demonstrate the robustness of the techniques with different matrices. In addition, we tested SIFT-MS directly on an archaeological Egyptian amphora to prove its suitability as a completely non-invasive technique. Parallel investigations on all the samples were performed by GC/MS analysis to correlate and confirm the data obtained by SIFT-MS. The possibility of using a portable mass spectrometer on an excavation site or in a museum would be a significant step forward in the non-invasive analysis of organic archaeological materials, enabling archeologists and conservators to obtain real-time information on the molecular composition of organic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo La Nasa
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federica Nardella
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Modugno
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Erika Ribechini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Degano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Italy
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12
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Sutherland K. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques for the characterisation of organic materials in works of art. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The power of GC/MS to resolve, characterise and quantify complex mixtures of organic compounds with high sensitivity has made it an indispensable analytical tool to address detailed questions about the chemical constituents of works of art. This paper provides an overview of the technique and its particular suitability to material studies of art and historical artefacts, and reviews its diverse research applications concerning the organic composition of artists’ and conservation materials. Options with regard to sample preparation by chemical derivatisation, pyrolysis techniques, and methods for the analysis of volatile organic compounds are discussed, as well as various approaches to the treatment and interpretation of data. The greatest value is gained from GC/MS when it is used as a complementary technique, informed by and in synergy with other methods of analysis.
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13
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Oakley LH, Casadio F, Shull KR, Broadbelt LJ. Examination of Mechanisms for Formation of Volatile Aldehydes from Oxidation of Oil-Based Systems. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Casadio
- Department
of Conservation, Art Institute of Chicago, 111 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60603, United States
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14
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Choi KH, Kang YS, Cho BU. Comparison of aging characteristics of the duplicated beeswax-treated and non-treated paper books during artificial thermal aging. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Revealing the composition of organic materials in polychrome works of art: the role of mass spectrometry-based techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6957-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Bonaduce I, Ribechini E, Modugno F, Colombini MP. Analytical Approaches Based on Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) to Study Organic Materials in Artworks and Archaeological Objects. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:6. [PMID: 27572989 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-015-0007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), after appropriate wet chemical sample pre-treatments or pyrolysis, is one of the most commonly adopted analytical techniques in the study of organic materials from cultural heritage objects. Organic materials in archaeological contexts, in classical art objects, or in modern and contemporary works of art may be the same or belong to the same classes, but can also vary considerably, often presenting different ageing pathways and chemical environments. This paper provides an overview of the literature published in the last 10 years on the research based on the use of GC/MS for the analysis of organic materials in artworks and archaeological objects. The latest progresses in advancing analytical approaches, characterising materials and understanding their degradation, and developing methods for monitoring their stability are discussed. Case studies from the literature are presented to examine how the choice of the working conditions and the analytical approaches is driven by the analytical and technical question to be answered, as well as the nature of the object from which the samples are collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bonaduce
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Erika Ribechini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Modugno
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Perla Colombini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Institute for the Conservation and Promotion of Cultural Heritage, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Curran K, Underhill M, Gibson LT, Strlic M. The development of a SPME-GC/MS method for the analysis of VOC emissions from historic plastic and rubber materials. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Samide MJ, Smith GD. Analysis and quantitation of volatile organic compounds emitted from plastics used in museum construction by evolved gas analysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1426:201-8. [PMID: 26687162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Construction materials used in museums for the display, storage, and transportation of artwork must be assessed for their tendency to emit harmful pollution that could potentially damage cultural treasures. Traditionally, a subjective metals corrosion test known as the Oddy test has been widely utilized in museums for this purpose. To augment the Oddy test, an instrumental sampling approach based on evolved gas analysis (EGA) coupled to gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectral (MS) detection has been implemented for the first time to qualitatively identify off-gassed pollutants under specific conditions. This approach is compared to other instrumental methods reported in the literature. This novel application of the EGA sampling technique yields several benefits over traditional testing, including rapidity, high sensitivity, and broad detectability of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Furthermore, unlike other reported instrumental approaches, the EGA method was used to determine quantitatively the amount of VOCs emitted by acetate resins and polyurethane foams under specific conditions using both an external calibration method as well as surrogate response factors. EGA was successfully employed to rapidly characterize emissions from 12 types of common plastics. This analysis is advocated as a rapid pre-screening method to rule out poorly performing materials prior to investing time and energy in Oddy testing. The approach is also useful for rapid, routine testing of construction materials previously vetted by traditional testing, but which may experience detrimental formulation changes over time. As an example, a case study on batch re-orders of rigid expanded poly(vinyl chloride) board stock is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Samide
- Department of Chemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA.
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Pellati F, Prencipe FP, Benvenuti S. Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry characterization of propolis volatile compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 84:103-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Assessment of the degradation of polyurethane foams after artificial and natural ageing by using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4498-508. [PMID: 21645901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane foams are widely present in museum collections either as part of the artefacts, or as a material for their conservation. Unfortunately many of PU foam artefacts are in poor condition and often exhibit specific conservation issues. Their fast thermal and photochemical degradations have been the aim of previous researches. It is now accepted that hydrolysis predominates for polyester-based polyurethane PU(ES) whereas oxidation is the principal cause of degradation for polyether-based polyurethane PU(ET) variety. Only a few studies have been devoted to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by polyurethanes and, to our knowledge, none were performed on polyurethane foams by using headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The objective of the work described here is to assess the impact of some environmental factors (humidity, temperature and daylight) on the degradation of PU foams by evaluating their volatile fractions. We investigated morphological changes, polymerized fractions and volatile fractions of (i) one modern produced PU(ES) foam and one modern PU(ET) foam artificially aged in different conditions as well as (ii) four naturally aged foams collected from various daily life objects and selected for the representativeness of their analytical data. Characterization procedure used was based on attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and non-invasive headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). In this paper, the formation of alcohol and acid raw products for PU(ES) and glycol derivatives for PU(ET) during natural and artificial ageing is confirmed. These main products can be considered as degradation markers for PU foams. Results show that artificial and natural ageing provide similar analytical results, and confirm that the dominant degradation paths for PU(ES) and for PU(ET) are hydrolysis and photo-oxidation, respectively. Lastly, we highlight that non-invasive HS-SPME-GC/MS analysis allows to distinguish between PU(ES) and PU(ET) at any point of their degradations.
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21
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Cserháti T. Carbon-based sorbents in chromatography. New achievements. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:111-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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