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Nagase K. Thermoresponsive interfaces obtained using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based copolymer for bioseparation and tissue engineering applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 295:102487. [PMID: 34314989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) is the most well-known and widely used stimuli-responsive polymer in the biomedical field owing to its ability to undergo temperature-dependent hydration and dehydration with temperature variations, causing hydrophilic and hydrophobic alterations. This temperature-dependent property of PNIPAAm provides functionality to interfaces containing PNIPAAm. Notably, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic alterations caused by the change in the temperature-responsive property of PNIPAAm-modified interfaces induce temperature-modulated interactions with biomolecules, proteins, and cells. This intrinsic property of PNIPAAm can be effectively used in various biomedical applications, particularly in bioseparation and tissue engineering applications, owing to the functionality of PNIPAAm-modified interfaces based on the temperature modulation of the interaction between PNIPAAm-modified interfaces and biomolecules and cells. This review focuses on PNIPAAm-modified interfaces in terms of preparation method, properties, and their applications. Advances in PNIPAAm-modified interfaces for existing and developing applications are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
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2
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Ferrier DC, Kiely J, Luxton R. Propofol detection for monitoring of intravenous anaesthesia: a review. J Clin Monit Comput 2021; 36:315-323. [PMID: 34213720 PMCID: PMC9123036 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-021-00738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a review of established and emerging methods for detecting and quantifying the intravenous anaesthetic propofol in solution. There is growing evidence of numerous advantages of total intravenous anaesthesia using propofol compared to conventional volatile-based anaesthesia, both in terms of patient outcomes and environmental impact. However, volatile-based anaesthesia still accounts for the vast majority of administered general anaesthetics, largely due to a lack of techniques for real-time monitoring of patient blood propofol concentration. Herein, propofol detection techniques that have been developed to date are reviewed alongside a discussion of remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Ferrier
- Institute of Bio-Sensing Technology, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Janice Kiely
- Institute of Bio-Sensing Technology, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Richard Luxton
- Institute of Bio-Sensing Technology, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
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3
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Maekawa Y, Ayano E, Nagase K, Kanazawa H. Effective Separation for New Therapeutic Modalities Utilizing Temperature-responsive Chromatography. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:651-660. [PMID: 33518586 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20scr09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, drug discovery and therapeutics trends have shifted from a focus on small-molecule compounds to biopharmaceuticals, genes, cell therapy, and regenerative medicine. Therefore, new approaches and technologies must be developed to respond to these changes in medical care. To achieve this, we applied a temperature-responsive separation system to purify a variety of proteins and cells. We developed a temperature-responsive chromatography technique based on a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)-grafted stationary phase. This method may be applied to various types of protein and cell separation applications by optimizing the properties of the modified polymers used in this system. Therefore, the developed temperature-responsive HPLC columns and temperature-responsive solid-phase extraction (TR-SPE) columns can be an effective separation tool for new therapeutic modalities such as monoclonal antibodies, nucleic acid drugs, and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Maekawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Eri Ayano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
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4
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Sajeeda S, Kumar L, Verma R. An Overview of Analytical Methods for the Estimation of Propofol in Pharmaceutical Formulations, Biological Matrices, and Hair Marker. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1694-1701. [PMID: 33870775 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1910927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Propofol (PFL) owing to its excellent inhibitory property of neurotransmitters in CNS by positive modulation of ligand gated ion channels to an integrated chloride channeled GABAA thereby acts as a general anesthetic. It differs from other general anesthetics chemically and pharmacologically as it has lesser side effects compared to other general anesthetics and is most commonly used. The present review focuses on two aspects (a) various analytical methods used in quantification of Propofol in pharmaceutical formulations and (b) various analytical methods used to determine Propofol in biological matrices and some biological markers like hair and end tidal nasal air for forensic purpose to estimate drug concentration in suspected cases. Here the various analytical methods are developed using different parameters and validation of employed methods are discussed. Estimated parameters like the linearity, LOQ (Limit of quantification), % recovery, slope, intercept, validation are discussed for the individual method. The critical quality attributes like the wavelength of detection, columns, flow rate, gas flow, and the sample preparation methods for the determination of PFL by bioanalytical methods are also discussed. Type of electrode, mechanism involved and the potential voltage applied for a particular electrochemical method are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sajeeda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruchi Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
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5
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Nagase K, Kanazawa H. Temperature-responsive chromatography for bioseparations: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1138:191-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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El Sharkasy ME, Walash M, Belal F, Salim MM. First derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric method for the simultaneous determination of propofol and cisatracurium besylate in biological fluids. LUMINESCENCE 2019; 35:312-320. [PMID: 31746124 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Propofol and cisatracurium besylate have been simultaneously determined using a highly sensitive first derivative synchronous spectrofluorometric method. The method is based on measuring first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric amplitude at Δλ = 40 nm with a scanning rate of 600 nm/min. The different experimental parameters affecting the fluorescence intensity of the two drugs were carefully studied and optimized. The amplitude-concentration plots were rectilinear over the range 40.0-400.0 ng/mL and 20.0-280.0 ng/mL for propofol and cisatracurium, respectively with lower detection limits of 4.0 and 2.35 ng/mL and quantification limits of 12.1 and 7.1 ng/mL for propofol and cisatracurium, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of the two compounds in synthetic mixtures and in commercial ampoules. The high sensitivity attained using the proposed method allowed the simultaneous determination of both drugs in spiked plasma samples. The mean % recoveries in spiked human plasma (n = 3) were 96.53 ± 0.90 and 96.20 ± 1.64 for each of propofol and cisatracurium, respectively. The method was validated in compliance with International Council of Harmonization (ICH) Guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona E El Sharkasy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - M Walash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - M M Salim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University - Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt
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7
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Ayad MM, Belal F, Hosney MM, Elmansi H, Elsayed N. Simultaneous HPLC Determination of Cisatracurium and Propofol in Human Plasma via Fluorometric Detection. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:524-530. [PMID: 29635320 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The proposed method describes a high performance liquid chromatographic method with fluoremetric detection for the determination of cisatracurium (CIS) and propofol (PRP) simultaneously, which are co-administered as a pre-operative injection mixture. The separation of the two drugs was achieved using monolithic column (100 mm and 4.6 mm internal diameter) and mixture of methanol and 0.1 M phosphate buffer in the ratio of 80:20 (v/v) at pH 4.5 as a mobile phase. The fluorescence detection was carried out at 230/324 nm. The procedure showed good linearity through the concentration ranges of 0.01-1.00 μg/mL and 0.1-3.0 μg/mL with limits of detection of 0.002, 0.030 μg/mL and limits of quantification of 0.006, 0.100 μg/mL for CIS and PRP, respectively. Simultaneous determination of CIS and PRP in spiked human plasma samples was additionally executed and the results were satisfactory precise and accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda M Ayad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mervet M Hosney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Heba Elmansi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nora Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt
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8
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Baert M, Martens S, Desmet G, de Villiers A, Du Prez F, Lynen F. Enhancing the Possibilities of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography through Hyphenation of Purely Aqueous Temperature-Responsive and Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4961-4967. [PMID: 29551061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) allows for substantial gains in theoretical peak capacity in the field of liquid chromatography. However, in practice, theoretical performance is rarely achieved due to a combination of undersampling, orthogonality, and refocusing issues prevalent in many LC × LC applications. This is intricately linked to the column dimensions, flow rates, and mobile-phase compositions used, where, in many cases, incompatible or strong solvents are introduced in the second-dimension (2D) column, leading to peak broadening and the need for more complex interfacing approaches. In this contribution, the combination of temperature-responsive (TR) and reversed-phase (RP) LC is demonstrated, which, due to the purely aqueous mobile phase used in TRLC, allows for complete and more generic refocusing of organic solutes prior to the second-dimension RP separation using a conventional 10-port valve interface. Thus far, this was only possible when combining other purely aqueous modes such as ion exchange or gel filtration chromatography with RPLC, techniques which are limited to the analysis of charged or high MW solutes, respectively. This novel TRLC × RPLC combination relaxes undersampling constraints and complete refocusing and therefore offers novel possibilities in the field of LC × LC including temperature modulation. The concept is illustrated through the TRLC × RPLC analysis of mixtures of neutral organic solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2 , 1050 Brussel , Belgium
| | - André de Villiers
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602 , South Africa
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9
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Nagase K, Yamato M, Kanazawa H, Okano T. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based thermoresponsive surfaces provide new types of biomedical applications. Biomaterials 2017; 153:27-48. [PMID: 29096399 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive surfaces, prepared by grafting of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) or its copolymers, have been investigated for biomedical applications. Thermoresponsive cell culture dishes that show controlled cell adhesion and detachment following external temperature changes, represent a promising application of thermoresponsive surfaces. These dishes can be used to fabricate cell sheets, which are currently used as effective therapies for patients. Thermoresponsive microcarriers for large-scale cell cultivation have also been developed by taking advantage of the thermally modulated cell adhesion and detachment properties of thermoresponsive surfaces. Furthermore, thermoresponsive bioseparation systems using thermoresponsive surfaces for separating and purifying pharmaceutical proteins and therapeutic cells have been developed, with the separation systems able to maintain their activity and biological potency throughout the procedure. These applications of thermoresponsive surfaces have been improved with progress in preparation techniques of thermoresponsive surfaces, such as polymerization methods, and surface modification techniques. In the present review, the various types of PIPAAm-based thermoresponsive surfaces are summarized by describing their preparation methods, properties, and successful biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, TWIns, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, TWIns, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, TWIns, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan; Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC) and Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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10
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MIKUMA T, KUROKI T, YOSHIKAWA M, UCHIDA R, HIRUTA Y, KANAZAWA H. Analysis of Psychoactive Drugs by Temperature-Responsive Chromatography. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2017. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2017.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Das E, Matsumura K. Tunable phase-separation behavior of thermoresponsive polyampholytes through molecular design. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esha Das
- School of Materials Science; Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 1-1 Asahidai Nomi Ishikawa 923-1292 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- School of Materials Science; Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 1-1 Asahidai Nomi Ishikawa 923-1292 Japan
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12
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Nagase K, Okano T. Thermoresponsive-polymer-based materials for temperature-modulated bioanalysis and bioseparations. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6381-6397. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01003b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, bioseparations using thermoresponsive polymers are summarized. Thermoresponsive chromatography for separating bioactive compounds and proteins, and cell separations using thermoresponsive polymers and their properties are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagase
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science
- Tokyo Women's Medical University
- TWIns
- Tokyo 162-8666
- Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science
- Tokyo Women's Medical University
- TWIns
- Tokyo 162-8666
- Japan
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13
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Lorenzo RA, Carro AM, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Stimuli-responsive materials in analytical separation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:4927-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Deguchi Y, Kohno Y, Ohno H. A Fine Tuning of LCST-type Phase Transition of Poly(ionic liquid)s in Water. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.141016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Deguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Functional Ionic Liquid Laboratories, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Yuki Kohno
- Functional Ionic Liquid Laboratories, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Hiroyuki Ohno
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Functional Ionic Liquid Laboratories, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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15
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Kohno Y, Saita S, Men Y, Yuan J, Ohno H. Thermoresponsive polyelectrolytes derived from ionic liquids. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01665c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review we summarise recent progress on the design, properties, and potential applications of ionic liquid-derived polyelectrolytes showing thermoresponsive phase behaviour after mixing with water or other organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kohno
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
- Functional Ionic Liquid Laboratories
| | - Shohei Saita
- Functional Ionic Liquid Laboratories
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
| | - Yongjun Men
- Radboud University Nijmegen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Research Campus Golm
- D-14424 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Ohno
- Functional Ionic Liquid Laboratories
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
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16
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Deguchi Y, Kohno Y, Ohno H. Design of Ionic Liquid-Derived Polyelectrolyte Gels Toward Reversible Water Absorption/Desorption System Driven by Small Temperature Change. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Suitably designed polyelectrolytes derived from tributyl-n-alkylphosphonium 3-sulfopropylmethacrylate-type ionic liquid (IL) monomers undergo a lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type phase transition, and their transition temperature is a function of the alkyl chain length on the phosphonium cations. Based on this finding, we have successfully prepared chemically cross-linked polyelectrolyte gels, poly(IL) gels, to show the LCST-type phase change. The hydrated state of the prepared poly(IL) gels varied widely with temperature. They desorbed water by elevating the temperature only by a few degrees. Their transition temperature was finely controlled by mixing the composition of IL monomers with different alkyl chain lengths.
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17
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Li N, Qi L, Shen Y, Li Y, Chen Y. Thermoresponsive oligo(ethylene glycol)-based polymer brushes on polymer monoliths for all-aqueous chromatography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:12441-12448. [PMID: 24251974 DOI: 10.1021/am403510g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Porous polymer monoliths onto which were grafted a thermoresponsive copolymer, poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate (MEO2MA)-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA)), were synthesized by the two-step atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. The copolymer-grafted monoliths were characterized by elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. They were further used as the thermoresponsive stationary phase for all-aqueous high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chromatograms of three steroids demonstrated that the chain length of the grafted copolymer, which was regulated by varying the grafting time, could affect the separation by providing different amounts of hydrophobic interaction sites with analytes. Additionally, the elution profiles of steroids on the stationary phase could also be tuned by the comonomer composition. The results showed that the porous polymer monoliths enabled separation of the test mixture in pure aqueous mobile phase under isocratic conditions. Furthermore, the proposed method provides a simple and promising tool in the design and construction of responsive surfaces for chromatography applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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18
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Responsive polymers for analytical applications: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 789:17-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Nagase K, Mizutani Akimoto A, Kobayashi J, Kikuchi A, Akiyama Y, Kanazawa H, Okano T. Effect of reaction solvent on the preparation of thermo-responsive stationary phase through a surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8617-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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20
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Shen Y, Qi L, Wei X, Zhang R, Mao L. Preparation of well-defined environmentally responsive polymer brushes on monolithic surface by two-step atom transfer radical polymerization method for HPLC. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Nishio T, Kanazashi R, Nojima A, Kanazawa H, Okano T. Effect of polymer containing a naphthyl-alanine derivative on the separation selectivity for aromatic compounds in temperature-responsive chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1228:148-54. [PMID: 21831387 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel polymer-grafted stationary phase of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed, utilizing a temperature-responsive polymer containing an aromatic moiety. Firstly, we synthesized novel functional polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-acryloyl-3-(2-naphthyl)-L-alanine methyl ester) [poly(NIPAAm-co-Nap)], which has temperature-responsiveness and selective retention of aromatic compounds by an intermolecular π-π interaction. The polymer exhibited a significant reversible phase transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic in the vicinity of its lower critical solution temperature. Employing the developed polymer-grafted silica column, temperature-responsive chromatography was conducted using water as a sole mobile phase. A comparison with a conventional ODS column or a homogeneous PNIPAAm-grafted silica column showed that the retention of aromatic compounds was dramatically increased on the poly(NIPAAm-co-Nap)-grafted stationary phase. Introducing the naphthyl-alanine derivative caused a significant effect on the retention selectivity for aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Nishio
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
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Miyabe-Nishiwaki T, Masui K, Kaneko A, Nishiwaki K, Shimbo E, Kanazawa H. Hypnotic effects and pharmacokinetics of a single bolus dose of propofol in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata fuscata). [corrected]. Vet Anaesth Analg 2011; 37:501-10. [PMID: 21040374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2010.00564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the hypnotic effects of a single bolus dose of propofol in Japanese macaques, and to develop a pharmacokinetic model. STUDY DESIGN Prospective experimental trial. ANIMALS Four male macaques (5-6 years old, 8.0-11.2 kg). METHODS The macaque was restrained and 8 mg kg(-1) of propofol was administrated intravenously at 6 mg kg(-1) minute(-1) . Behavioural changes without stimuli (first experiment) then responses to external stimuli (the second experiment) were assessed every 2 minutes for 20 minutes. Venous blood samples were collected before and at 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 210 minutes after drug administration, and plasma concentrations of propofol were measured (third experiment). Pharmacokinetic modelling was performed using NONMEM VI. RESULTS Macaques were recumbent without voluntary movement for a mean 14.0 ± 2.7 SD (range 10.5-16.2) or 10.0 ± 3.4 (7.2-14.5)minutes and recovered to behave as pre-administration by 25.1 ± 3.6 (22.1-30.1) or 22.2 ± 1.5 (21.1-24.3) minutes after the end of propofol administration without or with stimuli, respectively. Respiratory and heart rates were stable throughout the experiments (28-68 breaths minute(-1) and 72-144 beats minute(-1) , respectively). Our final pharmacokinetic model included three compartments and well described the plasma concentration of propofol. The population pharmacokinetic parameters were: V(1)=10.4 L, V(2)=8.38 L, V(3)=72.7 L, CL(1)=0.442 L minute(-1), CL(2)=1.14 L minute(-1), CL(3)= 0.313 L minute(-1), (the volumes of distribution and the clearances for the central, rapid and slow peripheral compartments, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Intravenous administration of propofol (8 mg kg(-1)) at 6 mg kg(-1)minute(-1) to Japanese macaques had a hypnotic effect lasting more than 7 minutes. A three-compartment model described propofol plasma concentrations over more than 3 hours. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The developed pharmacokinetic parameters may enable simulations of administration protocols to maintain adequate plasma concentration of propofol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Miyabe-Nishiwaki
- Centre of Human Evolution Modelling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
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