1
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Ciura K, Fryca I, Gromelski M. Prediction of the retention factor in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography using a machine learning approach. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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2
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Saien J, Kharazi M, Pino V, Pacheco-Fernández I. Trends offered by ionic liquid-based surfactants: Applications in stabilization, separation processes, and within the petroleum industry. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2052094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Saien
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mona Kharazi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Verónica Pino
- Laboratorio de Materiales para Análisis Químico (MAT4LL), Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 Tenerife, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación de Bioanalítica y Medioambiente, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Idaira Pacheco-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Materiales para Análisis Químico (MAT4LL), Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 Tenerife, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación de Bioanalítica y Medioambiente, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 Tenerife, Spain
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3
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Kravchenko AV, Kartsova LA. Effect of Modifiers on the Electrophoretic Separation and Intercapillary Preconcentration of Biologically Active Compounds. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821090069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Hamidi S. Recent Progresses in Sensitive Determination of Drugs of Abuse by Capillary Electrophoresis. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411015666190115153531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Today, “drugs of abuse” pose serious social problems such as many crimes,
medical treatment costs, and economic repercussions. Several worldwide clinical laboratories use analytical
separation methods to analyze their patient samples for drugs and poisons. In this way, they
provide qualitative and quantitative data on the substances in various biological matrices (e.g., urine,
plasma or serum, saliva, and breath).
Methods:
An extensive review of the published articles indicates that the use of Capillary Electrophoresis
(CE) coupled with sensitivity enhancing methods is a very attractive area of interest in the
assay of drugs of abuse.
Results:
This review was prepared to have a comprehensive study on applications of sensitivity enhancing
methods on the determination of drugs of abuse especially from 2007 to present. The sample
preconcentration approaches almost address all methods from online preconcentration (both electrophoretic
and chromatographic-based methods) to offline preconcentration. Furthermore, detection
system modification and capillary column fabrications were investigated in order to increase the detection
sensitivity of complex samples in CE.
Conclusion:
The present review summarizes the most recent developments in the detection of drugs
of abuse using CE. Although CE still has a limitation in sensitive detection, several publications in
recent years have proposed valuable methods to overcome this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin Hamidi
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Yu T, Zhang J, Sun X, Du Y. Evaluation of cyclodextrin‐micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with pyrrolidinium‐based ionic liquid surfactant as a pseudostationary phase for chiral separation. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Analytical ChemistryChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Jinjing Zhang
- Department of Analytical ChemistryChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Analytical ChemistryChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Department of Analytical ChemistryChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education)China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing P. R. China
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6
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Bessonova E, Kartsova L, Gallyamova V. Ionic liquids based on imidazole for online concentration of catecholamines in capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2304-2311. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bessonova
- Institute of Chemistry; Saint Petersburg State University; Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Liudmila Kartsova
- Institute of Chemistry; Saint Petersburg State University; Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Valeria Gallyamova
- Institute of Chemistry; Saint Petersburg State University; Saint Petersburg Russia
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7
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Cationic gemini pyrrolidinium surfactants based sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography for simultaneous detection of nine organic pollutants in environmental water. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1475:95-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Santarossa DG, Talio MC, Fernández LP. Aluminium traces determination in biological and water samples using a novel extraction scheme combined with molecular fluorescence. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Bessonova EA, Kartsova LA, Gallyamova VF. Effect of 3-methyl-1-cetylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid on the electrophoretic preconcentration of steroid hormones. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816070042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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El-Hady DA, Albishri HM, Wätzig H. Ionic liquids in enhancing the sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis: Off-line and on-line sample preconcentration techniques. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1609-23. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deia Abd El-Hady
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Jeddah; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Hassan M. Albishri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; TU Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
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11
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Kartsova LA, Bessonova EA, Kolobova EA. Ionic Liquids as Modifiers of Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Systems. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Baciu T, Botello I, Borrull F, Calull M, Aguilar C. Capillary electrophoresis and related techniques in the determination of drugs of abuse and their metabolites. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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New room temperature coacervation scheme for lead traces determination by solid surface fluorescence. Application to wines produced in Argentina. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Persona K, Madej K, Knihnicki P, Piekoszewski W. Analytical methodologies for the determination of benzodiazepines in biological samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 113:239-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Ruokonen SK, Duša F, Lokajová J, Kilpeläinen I, King AW, Wiedmer SK. Effect of ionic liquids on the interaction between liposomes and common wastewater pollutants investigated by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1405:178-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Tejada-Casado C, Moreno-González D, García-Campaña AM, del Olmo-Iruela M. Use of an ionic liquid-based surfactant as pseudostationary phase in the analysis of carbamates by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:955-61. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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17
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Alkyl imidazolium ionic liquid based sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography for simultaneous determination of seven tea catechins in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 969:224-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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18
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Abd El-Hady D, Albishri HM, Rengarajan R, Wätzig H. Use of short chain alkyl imidazolium ionic liquids for on-line stacking and sweeping of methotrexate, flinic acid and folic acid: Their application to biological fluids. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1956-64. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deia Abd El-Hady
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; North Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Hassan M. Albishri
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Rengarajan
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Braunschweig Germany
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19
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Evaluation of the oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage biomarker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in the urine of leukemic children by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1336:112-9. [PMID: 24582397 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Determining the level of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidative DNA damage biomarker, is vital to the study of clinical pathogenesis and drug toxicity. The principal limitation of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with UV detection is its low sensitivity. To overcome this shortcoming, we developed a micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) with solid-phase extraction (SPE) for urinary 8-OHdG analysis. The sensitivity of MEKC-UV was improved using a reasonable UV system, injection mode, and SPE. The parameters affecting MEKC and SPE were also optimized. The calibration curve was linear within the range from 1 to 500 μg L(-1). The limits of detection and quantification were 0.27 μg L(-1) and 0.82 μg L(-1), respectively. Interday and intraday precision were both <5.6%. The recovery of 8-OHdG in urine ranged from 94.5% to 103.2%. This method was used to measure urinary 8-OHdG from eight normal children, eight newly diagnosed leukemic children, and eight leukemic children undergoing chemotherapy. The results show that the proposed method can be used to assess oxidative stress in patients and the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs by measuring urinary 8-OHdG.
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20
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Huang Y, Yao S, Song H. Application of ionic liquids in liquid chromatography and electrodriven separation. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 51:739-52. [PMID: 23833208 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts in the liquid state at ambient temperature, which are nonvolatile, nonflammable with high thermal stability and dissolve easily for a wide range of inorganic and organic materials. As a kind of potential green solvent, they show high efficiency and selectivity in the field of separation research, especially in instrumental analysis. Thus far, ILs have been successfully applied by many related researchers in high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis as chromatographic stationary phases, mobile phase additives or electroosmotic flow modifiers. This paper provides a detailed review of these applications in the study of natural products, foods, drugs and other fine chemicals. Furthermore, the prospects of ILs in liquid chromatographic and electrodriven techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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21
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Rageh AH, Pyell U. Imidazolium-based ionic liquid-type surfactant as pseudostationary phase in micellar electrokinetic chromatography of highly hydrophilic urinary nucleosides. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1316:135-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Lokajová J, Railila A, King AW, Wiedmer SK. Determination of the distribution constants of aromatic compounds and steroids in biphasic micellar phosphonium ionic liquid/aqueous buffer systems by capillary electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1308:144-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Yang H, Ding Y, Cao J, Li P. Twenty-one years of microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (1991-2012): A powerful analytical tool. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1273-94. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University); Nanjing; P. R. China
| | - Yao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University); Nanjing; P. R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou; P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University); Nanjing; P. R. China
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24
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Ho YH, Wang CC, Hsiao YT, Ko WK, Wu SM. Analysis of ten abused drugs in urine by large volume sample stacking-sweeping capillary electrophoresis with an experimental design strategy. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1295:136-41. [PMID: 23683398 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A statistical tool equipped with Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) was used for fast stacking analysis of ten frequently consumed drugs, namely codeine, morphine, methamphetamine, ketamine, alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, flunitrazepam, nitrazepam and oxazepam, by capillary electrophoresis (CE). This statistical design is expected to help quick analysis with few procedures, avoiding tedious work required because of the large number of variables or parameters. A large volume sample stacking (LVSS)-sweeping CE is developed for concentrating and analyzing the 10 abused drugs. First, phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 2.3) containing methanol was filled into a capillary and then the extracted urine sample was loaded (1 psi, 200 s) to enhance sensitivity. The sweeping and separating steps were completed simultaneously by phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 2.3) containing methanol and sodium dodecyl sulfate, within 15 min. Better resolution was obtained by the experimental design than the "one factor at a time" (OFAT) approach. During method validation, calibration plots were linear (r>0.998), over a range of 25-1500 ng/mL for the six benzodiazepines, methamphetamine and ketamine, and 50-3000 ng/mL for codeine and morphine. The RSD of precision and absolute RE of accuracy in intra-day and inter-day assays were below 14.54% and 16.61%, respectively. The minimum limits for detection (S/N=3) of analytes were in the range of 7.5-30 ng/mL. This stacking method increased sensitivity more than 200-fold and can be applied for detection of the presence of methamphetamine in an abuser's urine (3600 ng/mL), which was confirmed by GC-MS. The method is considered feasible for fast screening of abused drugs in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Ho
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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25
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El Deeb S, Dawwas HA, Gust R. Recent methodological and instrumental development in MEKC. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1295-303. [PMID: 23417897 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The review gives an update about the methodological and instrumental developments in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography as a type of CE analytical technique. Here, the last two years development of the technique are particularly presented. Recent approaches to improve sensitivity are discussed. Newly introduced concentration techniques and experimental methods for verification of the different mechanisms and processes of micellar electrokinetic chromatography analysis are highlighted. A theoretical model to explain changes in separation and electrophoretic mobility order of fully charged analytes are demonstrated. Modern approaches for improving compatibility of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography to mass spectrometry are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami El Deeb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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26
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Shi W, Song S, Zhang H. Hydrothermal synthetic strategies of inorganic semiconducting nanostructures. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5714-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60012b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wen Y, Li J, Ma J, Chen L. Recent advances in enrichment techniques for trace analysis in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2933-52. [PMID: 23019127 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CE is gaining great popularity as a well-established separation technique for many fields such as pharmaceutical research, clinical application, environmental monitoring, and food analysis, owing to its high resolving power, rapidity, and small amount of samples and reagents required. However, the sensitivity in CE analysis is still considered as being inferior to that in HPLC analysis. Diverse enrichment methods and techniques have been increasingly developed for overcoming this issue. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in enrichment techniques containing off-line preconcentration (sample preparation) and on-line concentration (sample stacking) to enhancing sensitivity in CE for trace analysis over the last 5 years. Some relatively new cleanup and preconcentration methods involving the use of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, supercritical fluid extraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion, etc., and the continued use and improvement of conventional SPE, have been comprehensively reviewed and proved effective preconcentration alternatives for liquid, semisolid, and solid samples. As for CE on-line stacking, we give an overview of field amplication, sweeping, pH regulation, and transient isotachophoresis, and the coupling of multiple modes. Moreover, some limitations and comparisons related to such methods/techniques are also discussed. Finally, the combined use of various enrichment techniques and some significant attempts are proposed to further promote analytical merits in CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research-YIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences-CAS, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, P. R. China
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Maijó I, Borrull F, Aguilar C, Calull M. DETERMINATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN RIVER WATER BY SWEEPING-MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CAPILLARY CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.629386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maijó
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry , Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona , Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry , Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona , Spain
| | - Carme Aguilar
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry , Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona , Spain
| | - Marta Calull
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry , Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona , Spain
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29
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Delgado B, Pino V, Ayala JH, Afonso AM, González V. A novel preconcentration strategy for extraction methods based on common cationic surfactants: An alternative to classical coacervative extraction. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1257:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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30
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Wiedmer SK, King AWT, Riekkola ML. Phosphonium-based ionic liquids in electrokinetic capillary chromatography for the separation of neutral analytes. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1253:171-6. [PMID: 22796026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work we elucidated the applicability of phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) as pseudostationary phase in electrokinetic capillary chromatography (EKC) with UV-detection. The phosphonium ILs studied contain bromide, chlorine, or tosylate ions, as counter ions, and alkyl side chains of variable length on the phosphorous atom. The effects of the type and concentration of the IL, pH, ionic strength, and type of background electrolyte solution on the electroosmotic flow (EOF) and on the effective electrophoretic mobilities of some neutral model analytes were investigated and large variations in the migration times were observed. Especially the IL employed remarkably affected the strength and direction of the EOF Successful separations were obtained for neutral aromatic singly substituted analytes, namely benzene, toluene, phenol, and nitrobenzene. The results demonstrated the potential of capillary electromigration methods for rapid interaction studies between ILs and analytes, which is useful for the development of novel materials for sample preparation and separation purposes or for novel catalyst and chemical processing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne K Wiedmer
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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31
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Pino V, Germán-Hernández M, Martín-Pérez A, Anderson JL. Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants in Separation Science. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2011.620589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Wang Q, Qiu H, Han H, Liu X, Jiang S. Two-step stacking by sweeping and micelle to solvent stacking using a long-chain cationic ionic liquid surfactant. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:589-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Potential of long chain ionic liquids for on-line sample concentration techniques: Application to micelle to solvent stacking. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5718-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Lou Z, Huang B, Qin X, Zhang X, Wang Z, Zheng Z, Cheng H, Wang P, Dai Y. One-step synthesis of AgBr microcrystals with different morphologies by ILs-assisted hydrothermal method. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ce00856g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Malá Z, Gebauer P, Boček P. Contemporary sample stacking in analytical electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:116-26. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Breadmore MC, Dawod M, Quirino JP. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2008-2010). Electrophoresis 2010; 32:127-48. [PMID: 21171119 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis has been alive for over two decades now; yet, its sensitivity is still regarded as being inferior to that of more traditional methods of separation such as HPLC. As such, it is unsurprising that overcoming this issue still generates much scientific interest. This review continues to update this series of reviews, first published in Electrophoresis in 2007, with an update published in 2009 and covers material published through to June 2010. It includes developments in the fields of stacking, covering all methods from field-amplified sample stacking and large volume sample stacking, through to ITP, dynamic pH junction and sweeping. Attention is also given to on-line or in-line extraction methods that have been used for electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
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Silva M. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography: A practical overview of current methodological and instrumental advances. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:149-65. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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