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Wicht K, Baert M, Schipperges S, von Doehren N, Desmet G, Van Geem KM, de Villiers A, Lynen F. Enhanced Sensitivity in Comprehensive Liquid Chromatography: Overcoming the Dilution Problem in LC × LC via Temperature-Responsive Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16728-16737. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Wicht
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathijs Baert
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sonja Schipperges
- Agilent Technologies, Hewlett Packard Street 8, D-76337 Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Norwin von Doehren
- Agilent Technologies, Netherlands BV, NL-4330 EA Middelburg, Netherlands
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Kevin M. Van Geem
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - André de Villiers
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Frédéric Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Critical comparison of background correction algorithms used in chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1201:339605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Wu RJ, Liang J, Liang YH, Xiong L. A spectrum-effect based method for screening antibacterial constituents in Niuhuang Shangqing Pill using comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1191:123121. [PMID: 35042147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To investigate and screen the active antibacterial constituents of Niuhuang Shangqing Pill (NSP), the current study developed a two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) method combining microcalorimetry technique. 60% ethanol extracts from 10 batches of different commercial NSP samples were analyzed and their chemical fingerprint were developed by the comprehensive 2DLC system of Shimadzu Nexera X2. Anti-streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) constituents were determined by microcalorimetry. Thermal kinetic parameters of the SP thermogram affected by 60% ethanol extracts from 10 NSP samples were analyzed by principal component analysis. Spectrum-effect correlation between comprehensive 2DLC fingerprint and the antibacterial activity were analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Findings showed that peak X1 (unknown), X9 (aloe-emodin), X10 (baicalein), X11 (unknown), X14 (wogonin), X15 (glycyrrhizic acid) and X17 (unknown) are the relevant components that are in positive correlation with inhibitory rate. Regarding inhibitory rate, X17 is the most powerful one, followed by X14, X15, X10, X11, X1 and X9, suggesting that compound X17, wogonin, glycyrrhizic acid and baicalein are the major active antibacterial components of NSP. The current method employing 2DLC with microcalorimetry technique proposes a new insight for screening and identifying antibacterial components in complex herbal formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jun Wu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Yong-Hong Liang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330029, China
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Barhate CL, Regalado EL, Contrella ND, Lee J, Jo J, Makarov AA, Armstrong DW, Welch CJ. Ultrafast Chiral Chromatography as the Second Dimension in Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Experiments. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3545-3553. [PMID: 28192943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic separation and analysis of complex mixtures of closely related species is one of the most challenging tasks in modern pharmaceutical analysis. In recent years, two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) has become a valuable tool for improving peak capacity and selectivity. However, the relatively slow speed of chiral separations has limited the use of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) as the second dimension in 2D-LC, especially in the comprehensive mode. Realizing that the recent revolution in the field of ultrafast enantioselective chromatography could now provide significantly faster separations, we herein report an investigation into the use of ultrafast chiral chromatography as a second dimension for 2D chromatographic separations. In this study, excellent selectivity, peak shape, and repeatability were achieved by combining achiral and chiral narrow-bore columns (2.1 mm × 100 mm and 2.1 mm × 150 mm, sub-2 and 3 μm) in the first dimension with 4.6 mm × 30 mm and 4.6 mm × 50 mm columns packed with highly efficient chiral selectors (sub-2 μm fully porous and 2.7 μm fused-core particles) in the second dimension, together with the use of 0.1% phosphoric acid/acetonitrile eluents in both dimensions. Multiple achiral × chiral and chiral × chiral 2D-LC examples (single and multiple heart-cutting, high-resolution sampling, and comprehensive) using ultrafast chiral chromatography in the second dimension are successfully applied to the separation and analysis of complex mixtures of closely related pharmaceuticals and synthetic intermediates, including chiral and achiral drugs and metabolites, constitutional isomers, stereoisomers, and organohalogenated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan L Barhate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | | | | | - Joon Lee
- Agilent Technologies, Incorporated , Wilmington, Delaware 19808, United States
| | | | | | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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5
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A novel four-dimensional analytical approach for analysis of complex samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:3751-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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6
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Chemometric Resolution of Complex Higher Order Chromatographic Data with Spectral Detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63638-6.00010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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7
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Abstract
The great impact of cardiovascular diseases in human health has led to the development of a huge number of drugs and therapies to improve the treatment of these diseases. Cardiovascular drug analysis in biological fluids constitutes an important challenge for analytical scientists. There is a clear need for reliable methods to carry out both qualitative and quantitative analysis in a short time of analysis. Different problems such as drug monitoring, analysis of metabolites, study of drugs interactions, drugs residues or degradation products, chiral separation, and screening and confirmation of drugs of abuse in doping control must be solved. New trends in sample preparation, instrumental and column technology advances in LC and innovations in MS are described in this work.
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Bassanese DN, Conlan XA, Barnett NW, Stevenson PG. Assessing the detectability of antioxidants in two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1642-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N. Bassanese
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Life and Environmental Science; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
| | - Xavier A. Conlan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Life and Environmental Science; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
| | - Neil W. Barnett
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Life and Environmental Science; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
| | - Paul G. Stevenson
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Life and Environmental Science; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
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Two dimensional assisted liquid chromatography – a chemometric approach to improve accuracy and precision of quantitation in liquid chromatography using 2D separation, dual detectors, and multivariate curve resolution. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 859:87-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Place BJ, Morris MJ, Phillips MM, Sander LC, Rimmer CA. Evaluation of the impact of peak description on the quantitative capabilities of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1368:107-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Larson ED, Groskreutz SR, Harmes DC, Gibbs-Hall IC, Trudo SP, Allen RC, Rutan SC, Stoll DR. Development of selective comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography with parallel first-dimension sampling and second-dimension separation—application to the quantitative analysis of furanocoumarins in apiaceous vegetables. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:4639-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Fast, high peak capacity separations in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1266:116-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Pierce KM, Kehimkar B, Marney LC, Hoggard JC, Synovec RE. Review of chemometric analysis techniques for comprehensive two dimensional separations data. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1255:3-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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14
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Effect of background correction on peak detection and quantification in online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography using diode array detection. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1254:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Haun J, Teutenberg T, Schmidt TC. Influence of temperature on peak shape and solvent compatibility: Implications for two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1723-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Haun
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V.; Duisburg Germany
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | | | - Torsten C. Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
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Pierce KM, Mohler RE. A Review of Chemometrics Applied to Comprehensive Two-dimensional Separations from 2008–2010. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2011.591868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Carr P, Davis J, Rutan S, Stoll D. Principles of Online Comprehensive Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography. ADVANCES IN CHROMATOGRAPHY 2012; 50:139-235. [DOI: 10.1201/b11636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Bailey HP, Rutan SC, Carr PW. Factors that affect quantification of diode array data in comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography using chemometric data analysis. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8411-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Allen RC, Rutan SC. Investigation of interpolation techniques for the reconstruction of the first dimension of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography-diode array detector data. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 705:253-60. [PMID: 21962368 PMCID: PMC3740508 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simulated and experimental data were used to measure the effectiveness of common interpolation techniques during chromatographic alignment of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography-diode array detector (LC×LC-DAD) data. Interpolation was used to generate a sufficient number of data points in the sampled first chromatographic dimension to allow for alignment of retention times from different injections. Five different interpolation methods, linear interpolation followed by cross correlation, piecewise cubic Hermite interpolating polynomial, cubic spline, Fourier zero-filling, and Gaussian fitting, were investigated. The fully aligned chromatograms, in both the first and second chromatographic dimensions, were analyzed by parallel factor analysis to determine the relative area for each peak in each injection. A calibration curve was generated for the simulated data set. The standard error of prediction and percent relative standard deviation were calculated for the simulated peak for each technique. The Gaussian fitting interpolation technique resulted in the lowest standard error of prediction and average relative standard deviation for the simulated data. However, upon applying the interpolation techniques to the experimental data, most of the interpolation methods were not found to produce statistically different relative peak areas from each other. While most of the techniques were not statistically different, the performance was improved relative to the PARAFAC results obtained when analyzing the unaligned data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Allen
- Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P.O. Box 842006, Richmond, VA 23284-2006, United States
| | - Sarah C. Rutan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P.O. Box 842006, Richmond, VA 23284-2006, United States
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VanMiddlesworth BJ, Dorsey JG. Reequilibration time of superficially porous silica based columns in gradient elution reversed phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7158-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Siegler WC, Fitz BD, Hoggard JC, Synovec RE. Experimental Study of the Quantitative Precision for Valve-Based Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Anal Chem 2011; 83:5190-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200302b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Christopher Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Brian D. Fitz
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Jamin C. Hoggard
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Robert E. Synovec
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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Bailey HP, Rutan SC. Chemometric Resolution and Quantification of Four-Way Data Arising from Comprehensive 2D-LC-DAD Analysis of Human Urine. CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL SPONSORED BY THE CHEMOMETRICS SOCIETY 2011; 106:131-141. [PMID: 24013363 PMCID: PMC3762254 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemolab.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) is quickly becoming an important technique for the analysis of complex samples, owing largely to the relatively high peak capacities attainable by this analytical technique. With the increase in the complexity of the sample comes a corresponding increase in the complexity of the collected data. Thus the need for chemometric methods capable of resolving and quantifying such data is ever more urgent in order to obtain the maximum information available from the data. To this end, we have developed a chemometric method that combines iterative key set factor analysis and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares analysis with a spectral selectivity constraint that is shown to be capable of resolving chromatographically rank deficient, non-multilinear data. (Spectrally rank deficient compounds can only be quantified if the peaks having the same spectra are chromatographically resolved.) Over 50 chromatographic peaks were found in a relatively small section of a LC×LC-diode array data set of replicate urine samples (a four-way data set) using the developed method. The relative concentrations for 34 of the 50 peaks were determined with % RSD values ranging from 0.09 % to 16 %.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah C. Rutan
- Corresponding author: Phone: 1-804-828-7517; FAX: 1-804-828-8599;
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