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Yang H, Huang X, Yang M, Zhang X, Tang F, Gao B, Gong M, Liang Y, Liu Y, Qian X, Li H. Advanced analytical techniques for authenticity identification and quality evaluation in Essential oils: A review. Food Chem 2024; 451:139340. [PMID: 38678649 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Essential oils (EO), secondary metabolites of plants are fragrant oily liquids with antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and antioxidant effects. They are widely applied in food, medicine, cosmetics, and other fields. However, the quality of EOs remain uncertain owing to their high volatility and susceptibility to oxidation, influenced by factors such as the harvesting season, extraction, and separation techniques. Additionally, the huge economic value of EOs has led to a market marked by widespread and varied adulteration, making the assessment of their quality challenging. Therefore, developing simple, quick, and effective identification techniques for EOs is essential. This review comprehensively summarizes the techniques for assessing EO quality and identifying adulteration. It covers sensory evaluation, physical and chemical property evaluation, and chemical composition analysis, which are widely used and of great significance for the quality evaluation and adulteration detection of EOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Jiangxi Guxiangjinyun Great Health Industry Co. Ltd, Nanchang 330096, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Jiangxi Guxiangjinyun Great Health Industry Co. Ltd, Nanchang 330096, China; College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Fangrui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Jiangxi Guxiangjinyun Great Health Industry Co. Ltd, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Mengya Gong
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xingyi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Jiangxi Guxiangjinyun Great Health Industry Co. Ltd, Nanchang 330096, China.
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Zhang F, Zeng T, Wu R. QM/MM Modeling Aided Enzyme Engineering in Natural Products Biosynthesis. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:5018-5034. [PMID: 37556841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural products and their derivatives are widely used across various industries, particularly pharmaceuticals. Modern engineered biosynthesis provides an alternative way of producing and meeting the growing need for diverse natural products. Natural enzymes, on the other hand, often exhibit unsatisfactory catalytic characteristics and necessitate further enzyme engineering modifications. QM/MM, as a powerful and extensively used computational tool in the field of enzyme catalysis, has been increasingly applied in rational enzyme engineering over the past decade. In this review, we summarize recent advances in QM/MM computational investigation on enzyme catalysis and enzyme engineering for natural product biosynthesis. The challenges and perspectives for future QM/MM applications aided enzyme engineering in natural product biosynthesis will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ruibo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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Liu X, Zhang Q, Hong Z, Xu D. Induction of heartwood formation in young Indian sandalwood ( Santalum album L.) by gas elicitors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:961391. [PMID: 35968111 PMCID: PMC9366514 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.961391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Induction of heartwood formation in 6-year-old Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.) trees by treatment with carbon dioxide, ethylene, nitrogen, and wounding was investigated. All treatments induced fragrant heartwood formation upward and downward from the drill hole. The amount of heartwood formed above and below the drill hole depended on the treatment in the order nitrogen>carbon dioxide>ethylene>wounding, whereas the radial extension proportion was, in order, nitrogen>carbon dioxide>ethylene=wounding. Based on the chemical analysis (GC-MS) and evaluation of the essential oil quality and heartwood properties, heartwood induced by carbon dioxide showed the maximum similarities to naturally formed heartwood, which included the same color, similar chemical composition, reasonable oil content, and quality essential oil, whereas ethylene, nitrogen, and wounding treatment showed fewer similarities to natural heartwood. The results suggest that carbon dioxide is a promising candidate gas elicitor for inducing heartwood formation in young S. album.
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Zha W, Zhang F, Shao J, Ma X, Zhu J, Sun P, Wu R, Zi J. Rationally engineering santalene synthase to readjust the component ratio of sandalwood oil. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2508. [PMID: 35523896 PMCID: PMC9076924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant essential oils (PEOs) are widely used in cosmetic and nutraceutical industries. The component ratios of PEOs determine their qualities. Controlling the component ratios is challenging in construction of PEO biotechnological platforms. Here, we explore the catalytic reaction pathways of both product-promiscuous and product-specific santalene synthases (i.e., SaSSy and SanSyn) by multiscale simulations. F441 of SanSyn is found as a key residue restricting the conformational dynamics of the intermediates, and thereby the direct deprotonation by the general base T298 dominantly produce α-santalene. The subsequent mutagenesis of this plastic residue leads to generation of a mutant enzyme SanSynF441V which can produce both α- and β-santalenes. Through metabolic engineering efforts, the santalene/santalol titer reaches 704.2 mg/L and the component ratio well matches the ISO 3518:2002 standard. This study represents a paradigm of constructing biotechnological platforms of PEOs with desirable component ratios by the combination of metabolic and enzymatic engineering. Controlling the component ratios of plant essential oils is challenging in their heterologous bioproduction. Here, the authors combine metabolic and enzymatic engineering strategies to achieve the production of sandalwood oil with a desirable component ratio in baker’s yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zha
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingmei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Pinghua Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruibo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiachen Zi
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
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Syafri S, Jaswir I, Yusof F, Rohman A, Ahda M, Hamidi D. The use of instrumental technique and chemometrics for essential oil authentication: A review. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Optimized biosynthesis of santalenes and santalols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8795-8804. [PMID: 34738171 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Santalenes and santalols from Santalum album are the main components of the valuable spice sandalwood essential oil, which also has excellent pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor. Firstly, we constructed biosynthesis pathways of santalenes by synthetic biology strategy. The assembled biosynthetic cassettes were integrated into the multiple copy loci of δ gene in S. cerevisiae BY4742 with assistance of pDi-CRISPR, and 94.6 mg/L santalenes was obtained by shake flask fermentation of engineered yeast. Secondly, a selected optimized P450-CPR redox system was integrated into the chromosome of the santalenes-producing strain with a single copy, and 24.6 mg/L santalols were obtained. Finally, the yields of santalenes and santalols were increased to 164.7 and 68.8 mg/L, respectively, by downregulating ERG9 gene. This is the first report on the de novo synthesis of santalols by P450-CPR chimera in S. cerevisiae. Meanwhile, the optimized chimeric CYP736A167opt-46tATR1opt exhibits higher activity to oxidize santalenes into santalols. It would provide a feasible solution for the optimal biosynthesis of santalols. KEY POINTS: • First-time de novo synthesis of santalols by P450-CPR chimera in S. cerevisiae. • Truncated 46tATR1 has higher activity than that of CPR2. • Yields of santalenes and santalols were increased by downregulating ERG9 gene.
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A Comparison of the Composition of Selected Commercial Sandalwood Oils with the International Standard. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082249. [PMID: 33924603 PMCID: PMC8070282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sandalwood oils are highly desired but expensive, and hence many counterfeit oils are sold in high street shops. The study aimed to determine the content of oils sold under the name sandalwood oil and then compare their chromatographic profile and α- and β santalol content with the requirements of ISO 3518:2002. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis found that none of the six tested “sandalwood” oils met the ISO standard, especially in terms of α-santalol content. Only one sample was found to contain both α- and β-santalol, characteristic of Santalum album. In three samples, valerianol, elemol, eudesmol isomers, and caryophyllene dominated, indicating the presence of Amyris balsamifera oil. Another two oil samples were found to be synthetic mixtures: benzyl benzoate predominating in one, and synthetic alcohols, such as javanol, polysantol and ebanol, in the other. The product label only gave correct information in three cases: one sample containing Santalum album oil and two samples containing Amyris balsamifera oil. The synthetic samples described as 100% natural essential oil from sandalwood are particularly dangerous and misleading to the consumer. Moreover, the toxicological properties of javanol, polysantol and ebanol, for example, are unknown.
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Bisht SS, Chandra G, Pandey KK. Simple and rapid FTIR spectral data and chemometric analysis based method for evaluation of the quality of Indian Sandalwood oil. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2021.1895335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Bisht
- Wood Properties and Uses Division, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Girish Chandra
- Division of Forestry Statistics, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, India
| | - K. K. Pandey
- Wood Properties and Uses Division, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bengaluru, India
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Zha W, An T, Li T, Zhu J, Gao K, Sun Z, Xu W, Lin P, Zi J. Reconstruction of the Biosynthetic Pathway of Santalols under Control of the GAL Regulatory System in Yeast. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:449-456. [PMID: 31940436 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sandalwood oil has been widely used in perfumery industries and aromatherapy. Santalols are its major components. Herein, we attempted to construct santalol-producing yeasts. To alter flux from predominant triterpenoid/steroid biosynthesis to sesquiterpenoid production, expression of ERG9 (encoding yeast squalene synthase) was depressed by replacing its innate promotor with PHXT1 and fermenting the resulting strains in galactose-rich media. And the genes related to santalol biosynthesis were overexpressed under control of GAL promotors, which linked santalol biosynthesis to GAL regulatory system. GAL4 (a transcriptional activator of GAL promotors) and PGM2 (a yeast phosphoglucomutase) were overexpressed to overall promote this artificial santalol biosynthetic pathway and enhance galactose uptake. 1.3 g/L santalols and 1.2 g/L Z-α-santalol were achieved in the strain WL17 expressing SaSS (α-santalene synthase from Santalum album) and WL19 expressing SanSyn (α-santalene synthase from Clausena lansium) by fed-batch fermentation, respectively. This study constructed the microbial santalol-producing platform for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zha
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianyue An
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ting Li
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianxun Zhu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhenjiao Sun
- Guangdong Qingyunshan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shaoguan 512600, China
| | - Wendong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Extraction and Separation Process of TCM/Guangzhou Hanfang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510240, China
| | - Pengcheng Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Jiachen Zi
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Urumarudappa SKJ, Tungphatthong C, Sukrong S. Mitigating the Impact of Admixtures in Thai Herbal Products. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1205. [PMID: 31749698 PMCID: PMC6843083 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants and their products are extensively used within indigenous healthcare systems in Thailand and several other nations. The international trade of herbal products has a noteworthy impact on the worldwide economy, and the interest in herbal products is expanding in both developing and developed countries. There has been rapid growth in the medicinal plant product market and a broadening consumer base interested in herbal products from Thailand. However, in herbal industries, ingredient substitution and admixture are typical issues wherein species of lower market value are admixed with those of a higher value. The adverse consequences of consuming adulterated drugs are invariably due to the presence of an unintended herb rather than the presence of an intended herb. It has also been argued that admixtures are intentional because of the lack of regulatory policies or centralized tests for product authentication. The consequences of species admixtures can extend from the reduced efficacy of a drug to decreased trade value. This study aims to clarify the nature and extent of species admixtures reported in the Thai herbal trade market and discuss the potential reasons for such adulteration. In the broader context of species admixtures, we strongly propose the establishment of multiple herbal crude drug repositories that can be developed to facilitate the use of comparative identity tests by industry, traders, and researchers to maintain authentic natural health product (NHP) standards and to certify the authenticity of NHPs. The proposition of the establishment of centralized testing (CT) could be a promising initiative in Thailand for the development of science and technology, and the herbal medicines produced as a result of CT could be dispensed as prescription drugs based on disease consideration instead of as health foods or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kumar J Urumarudappa
- Research Unit of DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chayapol Tungphatthong
- Research Unit of DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchada Sukrong
- Research Unit of DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Yan T, Chen Y, Shang L, Li G. Assessment of essential oils from five Santalum species using ATR-fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy and GC-MS combined with chemometric analysis. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2019.1670743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Shang
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Gaiyun Li
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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Salvo A, Costa R, Albergamo A, Arrigo S, Rotondo A, La Torre GL, Mangano V, Dugo G. An in-depth study of the volatile variability of chinotto (Citrus myrtifolia Raf.) induced by the extraction procedure. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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New method based on Solid Phase Microextraction and Multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine pesticides in strawberry jam. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lebanov L, Tedone L, Kaykhaii M, Linford MR, Paull B. Multidimensional Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis. Part 2: Application to Characterisation and Identification. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Multidimensional Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis. Part 1: Technical Developments. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Determination of flavor constituents in particular types of flour and derived pasta by heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and multiple headspace solid-phase microextraction. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cagliero C, Bicchi C, Cordero C, Liberto E, Rubiolo P, Sgorbini B. Analysis of essential oils and fragrances with a new generation of highly inert gas chromatographic columns coated with ionic liquids. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1495:64-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sciarrone D, Pantò S, Donato P, Mondello L. Improving the productivity of a multidimensional chromatographic preparative system by collecting pure chemicals after each of three chromatographic dimensions. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1475:80-85. [PMID: 27863713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The enhanced sample collection capability of a heart-cutting three-dimensional GC-prep system is reported. In its original configuration, a highly pure component can be usually collected after the last (3D) column outlet by means of a dedicated preparative station. The latter is located after the last chromatographic column, and this poses the requirement for multiple heart cuts even for those components showing satisfactory degree of purity after the first (or second) separation dimension. The feasibility to collect pure components after each chromatographic dimension is here described, employing a three-dimension MDGC system equipped with high-temperature valves, located inside the first and second GC ovens, with the aim to improve the productivity of the collection procedure. In addition to a commercial preparative collector located at the 3D outlet, two laboratory-made collection systems were applied in the first and second dimension, reached by the effluent to be collected trough a high-temperature valve switching the heart-cut fraction between either the detector (FID), or the collector. Highly pure sesquiterpene components were collected, namely: patchouli alcohol after the first column [poly(5% diphenyl/95% dimethylsiloxane)], α-bulnesene after a second column coated with high molecular weight polyethylene glycol, and α-guaiene after an ionic-liquid based column (SLB-IL60), used as the third dimension. Purity levels ranging from 85 to 95% were achieved with an average collection recovery of 90% (n=5). The following average amounts were collected per run: 160μg for α-guaiene, 295μg for α-bulnesene, and 496μg for patchouli alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Polo Annunziata-viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pantò
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o University of Messina, Polo Annunziata-viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali", University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Polo Annunziata-viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o University of Messina, Polo Annunziata-viale Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy; University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
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Toraman HE, Franz K, Ronsse F, Van Geem KM, Marin GB. Quantitative analysis of nitrogen containing compounds in microalgae based bio-oils using comprehensive two-dimensional gas-chromatography coupled to nitrogen chemiluminescence detector and time of flight mass spectrometer. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1460:135-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang X, Guo J, Shang J, Ding L, Zhao G, Xie F, Jia Y, Qin Y, Yu Y, Chen L, Zhang S. Determination of nitroalkanes in mainstream cigarette smoke by heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography system coupled with mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1424:118-26. [PMID: 26603996 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, heart-cutting two-dimensional GC/MS (GC-GC/MS) method in combination with a simple sample collection procedure was developed for the determination of 6 nitroalkanes in mainstream cigarette smoke. The method could remove large amounts of impurities on-line in the first polar column by heart-cuts and separate from the left interferences in a second mid-polar column. And the target compounds could be focused at the inlet of the second column by cryo-concentration. Compared to conventional GC/MS, GC-GC/MS achieved a lower noise level and sensitivity at least an order of magnitude higher. Furthermore, the GC-GC/MS method could avoid the false negative and false positive results that appeared in the compared conventional GC/MS analysis. By trapping the vapor phase of 20 cigarettes smoke, the LODs and LOQs of the nitroalkanes were 1.3 to 9.8 and 4.3 to 32.6ng/cigarette, respectively, and all linear correlation efficiencies were larger than 0.999. The validation results also indicate that the method has high accuracy (spiked recoveries between 84% and 102%) and good repeatability (RSD between 7.2% and 9.4%). The developed method was applied to analyze 1 Kentucky reference cigarette (3R4F) and 10 Chinese commercial brands of cigarettes. The research results indicated that nitromethane, nitroethane, 2-nitropropane and 1-nitro-n-pentane were detected in mainstream cigarette smoke, but 1-nitro-n-butane and 2-nitropropane, which were reported by one previous study, were not detected in all cigarette samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jizhao Guo
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Shang
- Anhui Province Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Station, Hefei, China
| | - Li Ding
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuwei Xie
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yunzhen Jia
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaqiong Qin
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Yu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou, China
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Satou T, Ogawa Y, Koike K. Relationship Between Emotional Behavior in Mice and the Concentration of (+)-α-Santalol in the Brain. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1246-50. [PMID: 25991569 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported finding anxiolytic-like activity for sandalwood oil after administration in mice. In this report, we further investigated the emotional behavior associated with inhaled or intraperitoneally administered (+)-α-santalol, the main component of sandalwood oil, in addition to examining whether pharmacological or neurological transfers are responsible for this behavior. After administration of (+)-α-santalol by inhalation or intraperitoneal injection, we assessed anxiolytic-like and locomotor activities using elevated-plus maze tests. We also examined the relationship between the emotional behavior and the (+)-α-santalol brain concentration. Anxiolytic-like activity was not observed immediately after administration or after water-immersion stress for 24 h for either the (+)-α-santalol 2 μL/L air inhalation or the (+)-α-santalol 0.03 mL/kg (i.p.) administration. However, mice administered (+)-α-santalol 0.03 mL/kg intraperitoneally exhibited a significant decrease in the locomotor activity after exposure to water-immersion stress for 24 h. The brain (+)-α-santalol concentration was 2.6 µg/g tissue after (+)-α-santalol 0.03 mL/kg (i.p.) administration. The observed shift of (+)-α-santalol to the brain suggests that this component acts via pharmacological transfer and is responsible for the sedative effect but not the anxiolytic-like activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaaki Satou
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yuko Ogawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
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Famiglini G, Termopoli V, Palma P, Capriotti F, Cappiello A. Rapid LC-MS method for the detection of common fragrances in personal care products without sample preparation. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:1339-45. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Famiglini
- DiSTeVA, Laboratory LC-MS, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Urbino Italy
| | - Veronica Termopoli
- DiSTeVA, Laboratory LC-MS, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Urbino Italy
| | - Pierangela Palma
- DiSTeVA, Laboratory LC-MS, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Urbino Italy
| | - Fabiana Capriotti
- DiSTeVA, Laboratory LC-MS, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Urbino Italy
| | - Achille Cappiello
- DiSTeVA, Laboratory LC-MS, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”; Urbino Italy
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Wang X, Liu S, Xia Q, Zhao G, Guo J, Xie F. Trace analysis of alkaline flavors in cut tobacco by heart-cutting multidimensional GC-GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3750-7. [PMID: 24115512 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco is a complex chemical matrix. The analysis of trace alkaline flavors in tobacco is very difficult because of the limited peak capacity of monodimensional GC. In the present study, a home-assembled twin-oven GC-GC-MS system, with MS detection in both dimensions, has been applied to the analysis of 20 alkaline volatiles in a variety of cut-tobacco samples. By transferring nine and six heart-cuts from the first apolar column to the second polar column in two separate runs, the potential mutual interference of adjacent isomeric targets and the complex matrix could be removed. For comparative purposes, a systematic comparison of both quantification and qualification results for the cut-tobacco sample as quality control was conducted between GC-GC-MS and GC-MS. The results showed that GC-GC-MS provided higher accuracy in peak assignment and quantification. And in GC-MS, the interferences of co-elution had caused both low matched similarity in peak assignment and false-negative/-positive results in quantification for some targets. Advantages of the developed GC-GC-MS method in the analysis of alkaline flavors are its high resolving power, reliability, and simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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The latest developments and applications of mass spectrometry in food-safety and quality analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Diaz-Chavez ML, Moniodis J, Madilao LL, Jancsik S, Keeling CI, Barbour EL, Ghisalberti EL, Plummer JA, Jones CG, Bohlmann J. Biosynthesis of Sandalwood Oil: Santalum album CYP76F cytochromes P450 produce santalols and bergamotol. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75053. [PMID: 24324844 PMCID: PMC3854609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandalwood oil is one of the world’s most highly prized essential oils, appearing in many high-end perfumes and fragrances. Extracted from the mature heartwood of several Santalum species, sandalwood oil is comprised mainly of sesquiterpene olefins and alcohols. Four sesquiterpenols, α-, β-, and epi-β-santalol and α-exo-bergamotol, make up approximately 90% of the oil of Santalum album. These compounds are the hydroxylated analogues of α-, β-, and epi-β-santalene and α-exo-bergamotene. By mining a transcriptome database of S. album for candidate cytochrome P450 genes, we cloned and characterized cDNAs encoding a small family of ten cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases annotated as SaCYP76F37v1, SaCYP76F37v2, SaCYP76F38v1, SaCYP76F38v2, SaCYP76F39v1, SaCYP76F39v2, SaCYP76F40, SaCYP76F41, SaCYP76F42, and SaCYP76F43. Nine of these genes were functionally characterized using in vitro assays and yeast in vivo assays to encode santalene/bergamotene oxidases and bergamotene oxidases. These results provide a foundation for production of sandalwood oil for the fragrance industry by means of metabolic engineering, as demonstrated with proof-of-concept formation of santalols and bergamotol in engineered yeast cells, simultaneously addressing conservation challenges by reducing pressure on supply of sandalwood from native forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Diaz-Chavez
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessie Moniodis
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lufiani L. Madilao
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sharon Jancsik
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher I. Keeling
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elizabeth L. Barbour
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emilio L. Ghisalberti
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julie A. Plummer
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher G. Jones
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Satou T, Miyagawa M, Seimiya H, Yamada H, Hasegawa T, Koike K. Prolonged anxiolytic-like activity of sandalwood (Santalum albumL.) oil in stress-loaded mice. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadaaki Satou
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Michiyo Miyagawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Haruna Seimiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Saitama University; 255 Shimo-Ohkubo, Sakura-ku Saitama 388-8570 Japan
| | | | - Toshio Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Saitama University; 255 Shimo-Ohkubo, Sakura-ku Saitama 388-8570 Japan
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi Chiba 274-8510 Japan
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Li X, Dai X, Yin X, Li M, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Huang T, Li H. Impurity analysis of pure aldrin using heart-cut multi-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1277:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Seeley JV, Seeley SK. Multidimensional Gas Chromatography: Fundamental Advances and New Applications. Anal Chem 2012; 85:557-78. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303195u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John V. Seeley
- Oakland University, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, Michigan, 48309
| | - Stacy K. Seeley
- Kettering University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1700 University Avenue,
Flint, Michigan, 48504
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Devos C, Ochiai N, Sasamoto K, Sandra P, David F. Full evaporation dynamic headspace in combination with selectable one-dimensional/two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of suspected fragrance allergens in cosmetic products. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1255:207-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Optimization of comprehensive two-dimensional gas-chromatography (GC × GC) mass spectrometry for the determination of essential oils. Talanta 2012; 88:145-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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del Castillo MLR, Rodriguez-Valenciano M, de la Peña Moreno F, Blanch GP. Evaluation of pesticide residue contents in fruit juice by solid-phase microextraction and multidimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Talanta 2012; 89:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Bonaccorsi I, Sciarrone D, Schipilliti L, Dugo P, Mondello L, Dugo G. Multidimensional enantio gas chromtography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-combustion-isotopic ratio mass spectrometry for the authenticity assessment of lime essential oils (C. aurantifolia Swingle and C. latifolia Tanaka). J Chromatogr A 2011; 1226:87-95. [PMID: 22088669 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the genuineness assessment of Lime oils (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle and C. latifolia Tanaka), by Multi Dimensional Gas Chromatography (MDGC) to determine the enantiomeric distribution of α-thujene, camphene, β-pinene, sabinene, α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene, limonene, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol and by gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) to determine the isotopic ratios of α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, α-terpineol, neral, geranial, β-caryophyllene, trans-α-bergamotene, germacrene B. To the author's knowledge this is the first attempt to assess the authenticity and differentiate Persian Lime from Key lime oils by GC-C-IRMS. The results of the two analytical approaches were compared. The simultaneous use of the two techniques provides more reliable capability to detect adulteration in Citrus essential oils. In fact, in some circumstance only one of the two techniques allows to discriminate adulterated or contaminated oils. In cases where only small anomalies are detected by the two techniques due to subtle adulterations, their synergic use allows to express judgments. The advantage of both techniques is the low number of components the analyst must evaluate, reducing the complexity of the data necessary to deal with. Moreover, the conventional analytical approach based on the evaluation of the whole volatile fraction can fail to reveal the quality of the oils, if the adulteration is extremely subtle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168-Messina, Italy.
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