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Sun S, Song X, Bian Y, Wan X, Zhang J, Wang W. Multi-parameter optimization maximizes the performance of genetically engineered Geobacillus for degradation of high-concentration nitroalkanes in wastewater. Bioresour Technol 2022; 347:126690. [PMID: 35007737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitroalkanes are important toxic pollutants for which there is no effective removal method at present. Although genetic engineering bacteria have been developed as a promising bioremediation strategy for years, their actual performance is far lower than expected. In this study, important factors affecting the application of engineered Geobacillus for nitroalkanes degradation were comprehensively optimized. The deep-reconstructed engineered strains significantly raised the expression and activity level of catalytic enzymes, but failed to fully enhance the degradation efficiency. However, further debugging of a variety of key parameters effectively improved the performance of the engineering strains. The increased cell membrane permeability, trace supplementation of vital nutritional factors, synergy of multifunctional enzyme engineered bacteria, switch of oxygen-supply mode, and moderate initial biomass all effectively boosted the degradation efficiency. Finally, a low-cost and highly effective bioreactor test for high-concentration nitroalkanes degradation proved the multi-parameter optimization mode helps to maximize the performance of genetically engineered bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xiaoru Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ya Bian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xuehua Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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Torres-Guzman JC, Padilla-Guerrero IE, Cervantes-Quintero KY, Martinez-Vazquez A, Ibarra-Guzman M, Gonzalez-Hernandez GA. Peculiarities of nitronate monooxygenases and perspectives for in vivo and in vitro applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8019-8032. [PMID: 34655320 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nitroalkanes such as nitromethane, nitroethane, 1-nitropropane (1NP), and 2-nitropropane (2NP), derived from anthropogenic activities, are hazardous environmental pollutants due to their toxicity and carcinogenic activity. In nature, 3-nitropropionate (3NPA) and its derivatives are produced as a defense mechanism by many groups of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, insects, and plants. 3NPA is highly toxic as its conjugate base, propionate-3-nitronate (P3N), is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase, essential to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and can inhibit isocitrate lyase, a critical enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle. In response to these toxic compounds, several organisms on the phylogenetic scale express genes that code for enzymes involved in the catabolism of nitroalkanes: nitroalkane oxidases (NAOs) and nitronate monooxygenases (NMOs) (previously classified as nitropropane dioxygenases, NPDs). Two types of NMOs have been identified: class I and class II, which differ in structure, catalytic efficiency, and preferred substrates. This review focuses on the biochemical properties, structure, classification, and physiological functions of NMOs, and offers perspectives for their in vivo and in vitro applications. KEY POINTS: • Nitronate monooxygenases (NMOs) are key enzymes in nitroalkane catabolism. • NMO enzymes are involved in defense mechanisms in different organisms. • NMO applications include organic synthesis, biocatalysts, and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Torres-Guzman
- Biology Department, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, CP. 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | - Azul Martinez-Vazquez
- Biology Department, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, CP. 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Marcos Ibarra-Guzman
- Biology Department, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, CP. 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Zhang B, Sun L, Song X, Huang D, Li M, Peng C, Wang W. Genetically engineered thermotolerant facultative anaerobes for high-efficient degradation of multiple hazardous nitroalkanes. J Hazard Mater 2021; 405:124253. [PMID: 33144004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitroalkanes are important industrial raw materials but also toxic pollutants, which are difficult to degrade once released into the environment. In this study, to significantly improve the degradation-efficiency of multiple nitroalkanes, a facultative anaerobe was genetically engineered, possible influencing factors and simulated application experiments of bioreactor were tested and evaluated. Among all engineered recombinants, the most effective strains NG-S1 (anaerobic) and NG-S2 (aerobic) displayed 2-fold and 2.8-fold final degradation rates higher than the wild type, respectively. Exogenous components, particularly those that enhance coenzyme synthesis, helped to increase the degradation rate, as the level of coenzymes affected full function of overexpressed nitroalkane oxidase. Importantly, simulated mixed-nitroalkane-wastewater bioreactor experiments proved excellent and sustainable degradation performance of the engineered strains for potential industrial applications. Collectively, these findings provide a promising thermophilic biological engineering platform and a new perspective for high-efficient and continuous environmental bioremediation of hazardous pollutants under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Linbo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xiaoru Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Di Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Mingchang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Chenchen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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Cervantes Quintero KY, Padilla Guerrero IE, Torres Guzmán JC, Villa Martínez BG, Valencia Félix A, González Hernández GA. Members of the nitronate monooxygenase gene family from Metarhizium brunneum are induced during the process of infection to Plutella xylostella. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2987-97. [PMID: 32060694 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metarhizium species are the most abundant fungi that can be isolated from soil, with a well-known biopesticide capacity. Metarhizium recognizes their hosts when the conidium interacts with insects, where the fungi are in contact with the hydrocarbons of the outermost lipid layer cuticle. These cuticular hydrocarbons comprise a mixture of n-alkanes, n-alkenes, and methyl-branched chains. Metarhizium can degrade insect hydrocarbons and use these hydrocarbons for energy production and the biosynthesis of cellular components. The metabolism of nitroalkanes involves nitronate monooxygenase activity. In this work, we isolated a family of six genes with potential nitronate monooxygenase activity from Metarhizium brunneum. The six genes were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the nitronate monooxygenase activity was verified in the recombinant proteins. Additionally, when the conidia of M. brunneum were grown in medium with nitroalkanes, virulence against Plutella xylostella increased. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression of the six Npd genes during the infection to this insect, which showed differential expression of the six Npd genes during infection.
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Lim S, McArdell CS, von Gunten U. Reactions of aliphatic amines with ozone: Kinetics and mechanisms. Water Res 2019; 157:514-528. [PMID: 30986698 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aliphatic amines are common constituents in micropollutants and dissolved organic matter and present in elevated concentrations in wastewater-impacted source waters. Due to high reactivity, reactions of aliphatic amines with ozone are likely to occur during ozonation in water and wastewater treatment. We investigated the kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of ozone with ethylamine, diethylamine, and triethylamine as model nitrogenous compounds. Species-specific second-order rate constants for the neutral parent amines ranged from 9.3 × 104 to 2.2 × 106 M-1s-1 and the apparent second-order rate constants at pH 7 for potential or identified transformation products were 6.8 × 105 M-1s-1 for N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, ∼105 M-1s-1 for N-ethylhydroxylamine, 1.9 × 103 M-1s-1 for N-ethylethanimine oxide, and 3.4 M-1s-1 for nitroethane. Product analyses revealed that all amines were transformed to products containing a nitrogen-oxygen bond (e.g., triethylamine N-oxide and nitroethane) with high yields, i.e., 64-100% with regard to the abated target amines. These findings could be confirmed by measurements of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical which are formed during the amine-ozone reactions. Based on the high yields of nitroethane from ethylamine and diethylamine, a significant formation of nitroalkanes can be expected during ozonation of waters containing high levels of dissolved organic nitrogen, as expected in wastewaters or wastewater-impaired source waters. This may pose adverse effects on the aquatic environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungeun Lim
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christa S McArdell
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Wang X, Guo J, Shang J, Ding L, Zhao G, Xie F, Jia Y, Qin Y, Yu Y, Chen L, Zhang S. Determination of nitroalkanes in mainstream cigarette smoke by heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography system coupled with mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1424:118-26. [PMID: 26603996 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, heart-cutting two-dimensional GC/MS (GC-GC/MS) method in combination with a simple sample collection procedure was developed for the determination of 6 nitroalkanes in mainstream cigarette smoke. The method could remove large amounts of impurities on-line in the first polar column by heart-cuts and separate from the left interferences in a second mid-polar column. And the target compounds could be focused at the inlet of the second column by cryo-concentration. Compared to conventional GC/MS, GC-GC/MS achieved a lower noise level and sensitivity at least an order of magnitude higher. Furthermore, the GC-GC/MS method could avoid the false negative and false positive results that appeared in the compared conventional GC/MS analysis. By trapping the vapor phase of 20 cigarettes smoke, the LODs and LOQs of the nitroalkanes were 1.3 to 9.8 and 4.3 to 32.6ng/cigarette, respectively, and all linear correlation efficiencies were larger than 0.999. The validation results also indicate that the method has high accuracy (spiked recoveries between 84% and 102%) and good repeatability (RSD between 7.2% and 9.4%). The developed method was applied to analyze 1 Kentucky reference cigarette (3R4F) and 10 Chinese commercial brands of cigarettes. The research results indicated that nitromethane, nitroethane, 2-nitropropane and 1-nitro-n-pentane were detected in mainstream cigarette smoke, but 1-nitro-n-butane and 2-nitropropane, which were reported by one previous study, were not detected in all cigarette samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jizhao Guo
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Shang
- Anhui Province Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Station, Hefei, China
| | - Li Ding
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuwei Xie
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yunzhen Jia
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaqiong Qin
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Yu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou, China
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