1
|
Huynh K, Feilberg KL, Sundberg J. Selective Profiling of Carboxylic Acid in Crude Oil by Halogen Labeling Combined with Liquid Chromatography and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1680-1691. [PMID: 38984631 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are a small but essential compound class within petroleum chemistry, influencing crude oil behaviors in production and processing and causing environmental impacts. Detailed structural information is fundamental to understanding their influence on petroleum characteristics. However, characterizing acids in crude oil remains challenging due to matrix effects, structural diversity, and low abundance. In this work, we present a new methodology for profiling carboxylic acids by liquid-liquid extraction and selective derivatization using 4-bromo-N-methylbenzylamine (4-BNMA) followed by liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-Orbitrap MS). The fragmentation of 4-BNMA derivatives produces a unique product ion pair, m/z 169/171, enabling the identification of chromatographic fractions containing carboxylic acids. The mass spectra of the corresponding fractions are extracted, and the acids are further computationally isolated based on the isotopic pattern. The method was optimized and validated using acid standards and systematic experimental designs, assuring robustness and sensitivity for nontarget screening purposes. This method detected up to 380 carboxylic acids in six Danish North Sea crude oils, with up to two carboxyl and other heteroatom functionalities (NSO). The results indicated that the most populated species are fatty acids (double bond equivalent (DBE) = 1) and small aromatic acids (DBE = 2-6). The predominance and diversities of compound classes in different samples are consistent with their corresponding bulk properties. Polyfunctional acids (Ox, NxOx, and SxOx) were observed due to exposure to oxidation and biodegradation. Also, the approach's applicability benefits high-resolution MS analysis by simplifying data processing for crude oil and potentially other high-organic and aqueous samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Huynh
- DTU Offshore, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Jonas Sundberg
- DTU Engineering Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2750 Ballerup Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng J, Yang J, Liang X, Fang M, Wang Y. Dual strategy for 13C-Metabolic flux analysis of central carbon and energy metabolism in Mammalian cells based on LC-isoMRM-MS. Talanta 2024; 266:125074. [PMID: 37651912 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Central carbon and energy metabolism are the most concerned metabolic pathways in 13C-Metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA). However, some α-keto acids, ribonucleoside triphosphate (NTPs) and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTPs) involved in central carbon and energy metabolism pathways were unstable or reactive, leading to inaccurate metabolic flux analysis. To achieve accurate 13C-MFA of central carbon and energy metabolism, we proposed a dual strategy for the detection of 101 metabolites in glucose metabolism pathways. N-Methylphenylethylamine (MPEA) was utilized for derivatization of 4 carboxyl (α-keto acids) and 8 phosphate metabolites (NTPs and dNTPs). After derivatization, the MPEA derivatives were investigated to be stable for 4 weeks under 4 °C and detected with high intensity in ∼104 cells. On the other hand, we analyzed an additional 89 metabolites in central carbon and energy metabolic pathways were directly analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS). The limit of detection (LODs) of our method were as low as 0.05 ng/mL and the linear range was at least two orders of magnitude with determination coefficient (R2) > 0.9701. The relative standard divisions (RSDs) of intra- and inter-day of 95% metabolites were below 20%. In addition, the isotope list of 82 detected metabolites in central carbon and energy metabolism were generated according to isotopologues and isotopomers for each metabolite resulting from 13C incorporation. Accurate assessment of mass isotopomer distributions (MIDs) of intracellular 13C-labeled metabolites was achieved in [U-13C]-glucose cultured HepG2 cells by our dual strategy. Finally, we performed MID analysis of 101 metabolites in central carbon and energy metabolism. Overall, this dual method is reproducible and robust for application on 13C-MFA and has a great potential for studying clinical isotope labeled samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Singapore Phenome Center, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Junjie Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Xu Liang
- Singapore Phenome Center, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yulan Wang
- Singapore Phenome Center, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li C, Cheng K, Zhao Q, Jin L, Wang X, Liufu T, Zhao X, Li X, Wang X, Lyu J, Huang D, Li P, Chen XW, Wang Z, Hu X, Quan L, Chen Z. Diazo-carboxyl Click Derivatization Enables Sensitive Analysis of Carboxylic Acid Metabolites in Biosamples. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16976-16986. [PMID: 37943785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are central metabolites in bioenergetics, signal transduction, and post-translation protein regulation. However, the quantitative analysis of carboxylic acids as an indispensable part of metabolomics is prohibitively challenging, particularly in trace amounts of biosamples. Here we report a diazo-carboxyl/hydroxylamine-ketone double click derivatization method for the sensitive analysis of hydrophilic, low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids. In general, our method renders a 5- to 2000-fold higher response in mass spectrometry along with improved chromatographic separation. With this method, we presented the near-single-cell analysis of carboxylic acid metabolites in 10 mouse egg cells before and after fertilization. Malate, fumarate, and β-hydroxybutyrate were found to decrease after fertilization. We also monitored the isotope labeling kinetics of carboxylic acids inside adherent cells cultured in 96-well plates during drug treatment. Finally, we applied this method to plasma or serum samples (5 μL) collected from mice and humans under pathological and physiological conditions. The double click derivatization method paves a way toward single-cell metabolomics and bedside diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kunlun Cheng
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qijin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Jin
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tongling Liufu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xutong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiaochuan Li
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jia Lyu
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dong Huang
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pingping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease Discovery, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Quan
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhixing Chen
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Afshar M, van Hall G. LC-MS/MS method for quantitative profiling of ketone bodies, α-keto acids, lactate, pyruvate and their stable isotopically labelled tracers in human plasma: An analytical panel for clinical metabolic kinetics and interactions. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1230:123906. [PMID: 37925904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
An important area within clinical research is in vivo metabolism of ketone bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) and in connection metabolites that may affect their production and/or cellular transport such as the keto-acids from the branched-chain amino acids, lactate and pyruvate. To determine in vivo metabolite turnover, availability of accurate and sensitive methods for analyzing the plasma concentrations of these metabolites and their stable isotopically labeled enrichments is mandatory. Therefore, the present study describes a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous analysis of ketone bodies, α-keto acids, lactate, pyruvate, and their tracer enrichments in humans using 2 different derivatization techniques with 4-bromo-N-methylbenzylamine and O-benzylhydroxylamine as derivatization reagents, and 1-ethyl-3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide as coupling compound followed by a single LC-MS/MS run. The method was validated for matrix effects, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, stability, and enrichment (ratio) analysis of a stable isotopically labelled analytes (tracers) continuously infused in humans divided by the unlabeled endogenous analyte (tracee) that makes it possible to quantify the analyte in vivo synthesis and degradation rates. The applied parallel derivatization procedure yielded good sensitivity for all analytes of interest and their tracers. Despite the double derivatization method, mixing the ethyl acetate portions at the final stage made it possible to simultaneously analyze all compounds in a single LC-MS/MS run. Moreover, the liquid chromatography method was optimized to robustly quantify the keto acids derived from leucine (α-keto-isocaproic acid) and isoleucine (α-keto-β-methylvaleric acid), the compounds with similar chemical structure and identical molecular weights. The presented method is designed and validated for human plasma. However, care should be taken in blood sampling and processing procedures as well as quick freezing and storage at -80 °C due to the instability of especially acetoacetate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Afshar
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility (CMCF), Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility (CMCF), Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saw YL, Boughton JR, Wroniuk FL, Mostafa ME, Pellegrinelli PJ, Calvez SA, Kaplitz AS, Perez LJ, Edwards JL, Grinias JP. Use of N-(4-aminophenyl)piperidine derivatization to improve organic acid detection with supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300343. [PMID: 37603367 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of organic acids in complex mixtures by LC-MS can often prove challenging, especially due to the poor sensitivity of negative ionization mode required for detection of these compounds in their native (i.e., underivatized or untagged) form. These compounds have also been difficult to measure using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC)-MS, a technique of growing importance for metabolomic analysis, with similar limitations based on negative ionization. In this report, the use of a high proton affinity N-(4-aminophenyl)piperidine derivatization tag is explored for the improvement of organic acid detection by SFC-MS. Four organic acids (lactic, succinic, malic, and citric acids) with varying numbers of carboxylate groups were derivatized with N-(4-aminophenyl)piperidine to achieve detection limits down to 0.5 ppb, with overall improvements in detection limit ranging from 25-to-2100-fold. The effect of the derivatization group on sensitivity, which increased by at least 200-fold for compounds that were detectable in their native form, and mass spectrometric detection are also described. Preliminary investigations into the separation of these derivatized compounds identified multiple stationary phases that could be used for complete separation of all four compounds by SFC. This derivatization technique provides an improved approach for the analysis of organic acids by SFC-MS, especially for those that are undetectable in their native form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yih Ling Saw
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - John R Boughton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Faith L Wroniuk
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Peter J Pellegrinelli
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Samantha A Calvez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alexander S Kaplitz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lark J Perez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - James L Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James P Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kawasue S, Sakaguchi Y, Koga R, Yoshida H, Nohta H. A Pyridinium Derivatization Reagent for Highly Sensitive Detection of Poly(carboxylic acid)s Using Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1492-1498. [PMID: 35763617 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids are difficult to analyze with high sensitivity using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) owing to the high polarity of their carboxyl groups. Various derivatization methods have been developed; however, most are effective only for monocarboxylic acids and not for those having multiple carboxyl groups. Therefore, we successfully attempted to synthesize a derivatization reagent that could analyze both mono- and poly(carboxylic acid)s with high sensitivity. We optimized our derivatization reagent by modifying the structure of the reaction site, hydrophobicity of the derivatized compound, and linker structure connecting the reaction site to the permanently charged substructure. The reactivity toward carboxyl groups was improved by employing a piperidine moiety as the reaction site, and the ESI efficiency was improved by the highly hydrophobic and permanently charged triphenylpyridinium group. Furthermore, the incorporation of an alkyl linker enabled polylabeling. When the optimized reagent was applied to mono-, di-, tri-, and tetracarboxylic acids, the ESI efficiency increased with polylabeling; thus, our derivatization reagent outperforms existing derivatization methods and enables the analysis of poly(carboxylic acid)s with high sensitivity. Since this derivatization reagent can be applied to most carboxyl-containing compounds, it can be widely used for lipidomics, proteomics, and metabolomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimba Kawasue
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan
| | - Yohei Sakaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan
| | - Reiko Koga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma GL, Candra H, Pang LM, Xiong J, Ding Y, Tran HT, Low ZJ, Ye H, Liu M, Zheng J, Fang M, Cao B, Liang ZX. Biosynthesis of Tasikamides via Pathway Coupling and Diazonium-Mediated Hydrazone Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1622-1633. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Lei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Hartono Candra
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Li Mei Pang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Juan Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Ding
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory Limited, Research Link, National University of Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Hoa Thi Tran
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Zhen Jie Low
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Hong Ye
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Min Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Bin Cao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Zhao-Xun Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eylem CC, Reçber T, Waris M, Kır S, Nemutlu E. State-of-the-art GC-MS approaches for probing central carbon metabolism. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
9
|
Asensio AF, Alvarez-González E, Rodríguez A, Sierra LM, Blanco-González E. Chromatographic methods coupled to mass spectrometry for the determination of oncometabolites in biological samples-A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1177:338646. [PMID: 34482900 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is now well-established that dysregulation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase leads to the abnormal cellular accumulation of succinate, fumarate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate, respectively, which contribute to the formation and malignant progression of numerous types of cancers. Thus, these metabolites, called oncometabolites, could potentially be useful as tumour-specific biomarkers and as therapeutic targets. For this reason, the development of analytical methodologies for the accurate identification and determination of their levels in biological matrices is an important task in the field of cancer research. Currently, hyphenated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques are the most powerful analytical tools in what concerns high sensitivity and selectivity to achieve such difficult task. In this review, we first provide a brief description of the biological formation of oncometabolites and their oncogenic properties, and then we present an overview and critical assessment of the GC-MS and LC-MS based analytical approaches that are reported in the literature for the determination of oncometabolites in biological samples, such as biofluids, cells, and tissues. Advantages and drawbacks of these approaches will be comparatively discussed. We believe that the present review represents the first attempt to summarize the applications of these hyphenated techniques in the context of oncometabolite analysis, which may be useful to new and existing researchers in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Fernández Asensio
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Sanitary Research of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo. C/ Julian Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo. Spain; Department of Functional Biology (Genetic Area), Oncology University Institute (IUOPA) and Institute of Sanitary Research of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo. C/ Julian Clavería s/n, 33006, Oviedo. Spain
| | - E Alvarez-González
- Department of Functional Biology (Genetic Area), Oncology University Institute (IUOPA) and Institute of Sanitary Research of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo. C/ Julian Clavería s/n, 33006, Oviedo. Spain
| | - A Rodríguez
- Department of Functional Biology (Genetic Area), Oncology University Institute (IUOPA) and Institute of Sanitary Research of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo. C/ Julian Clavería s/n, 33006, Oviedo. Spain
| | - L M Sierra
- Department of Functional Biology (Genetic Area), Oncology University Institute (IUOPA) and Institute of Sanitary Research of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo. C/ Julian Clavería s/n, 33006, Oviedo. Spain
| | - E Blanco-González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Sanitary Research of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo. C/ Julian Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo. Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zheng J, Gong GG, Zheng SJ, Zhang Y, Feng YQ. High Coverage Profiling of Carboxylated Metabolites in HepG2 Cells Using Secondary Amine-Assisted Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1604-1611. [PMID: 33356171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylic metabolites are an important class of metabolites, which widely exist in mammals with various types. Chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CIL-LC-MS) has been widely used for the detection of carboxylated metabolites. However, high coverage analysis of carboxylated metabolites in biological samples is still challenging due to improper reactivity and selectivity of labeling reagents to carboxylated metabolites. In this study, we used N-methylphenylethylamine (MPEA) to label various types of carboxylated metabolites including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), polycarboxylic acids (polyCAs), amino acids (AAs), and aromatic acids. Additionally, metabolites containing other functional groups, such as phenol, sulfhydryl, and phosphate groups, could not be labeled under the conditions of MPEA labeling. After MPEA labeling, the detection sensitivity of carboxylic acids was increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude, and their chromatographic retention on a reversed-phase (RP) column was enhanced (RT > 3 min). Under optimized labeling conditions, we used MPEA and d3-N-methylphenylethylamine (d3-MPEA) for high coverage screening of carboxylated metabolites in HepG2 cells by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). As a result, a total of 403 potential carboxylated metabolites were obtained of which 68 were confirmed based on our established in-house chemically labeled metabolite database (CLMD). SCFAs, MCFAs, LCFAs, polyCAs, AAs, and aromatic acids were all detected in HepG2 cell extracts. Due to the successful identification of AAs, the current method increased the coverage of carboxylated metabolites compared with our previous work. Moreover, 133 and 109 carboxylated metabolites with changed contents were obtained in HepG2 cells incubated with curcumin and R-3-hydroxybutyric acid, respectively. In general, our established method realized high coverage analysis of carboxylated metabolites in HepG2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Ge-Ge Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Jian Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dar OI, Sharma S, Singh K, Sharma A, Bhardwaj R, Kaur A. Biomarkers for the toxicity of sublethal concentrations of triclosan to the early life stages of carps. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17322. [PMID: 33057045 PMCID: PMC7560838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation, contents of protein, non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH and GSSG), lipid peroxidation product (melondialdehyde-MDA) and organic acids (fumarate, succinate, malate and citrate), and activities of neurological (acetylcholinesterase-AChE), detoxification (glutathione S-transferase-GST) and metabolic (lactate dehydrogenase-LDH, aspartate transaminase-AST and alanine transaminase-ALT) enzymes were recorded in the hatchlings of Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala after 7 and 14 days exposure and 10 days post exposure (recovery period) to sublethal concentrations (0.005, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.05 mg/L) of triclosan, a highly toxic and persistent biocide used in personal care products. Accumulation was maximum between 7-14 days at 0.01 mg/L for C. carpio and L. rohita but at 0.005 mg/L for C. idella and C. mrigala. No triclosan was observed at 0.005 mg/L in C. carpio and C. mrigala after recovery. Significant decline in protein, glutathione and acetylcholinesterase but increase in glutathione S-transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, melondialdehyde and organic acids over control during exposure continued till the end of recovery period. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) analysis depicted higher star plot area for glutathione and glutathione S-transferase during initial 7 days of exposure, thereafter, during 7-14 days of exposure and the recovery period, higher star plot area was observed for acetylcholinesterase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and organic acids. Higher star plot area was observed for protein in all the species throughout the study. The study shows that L. rohita is most sensitive and glutathione, acetylcholinesterase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase are the biomarkers for the toxicity of sublethal concentrations of TCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Owias Iqbal Dar
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Kirpal Singh
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Anket Sharma
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Arvinder Kaur
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mosnaim AD, Wolf ME, Iii O'Donnell JJ, Hudzik T. β-Phenylethylamine and various monomethylated and para-halogenated analogs. Acute toxicity studies in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 43:369-372. [PMID: 30614291 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1551899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phenylethylamine's acute toxic effects in a population of adult (10 to 12 weeks old; ∼30 g) Swiss male albino mice are significantly increased by para-position aromatic ring halogenation. LDLO, LD50, and LD100 values (mg/kg; x ± SEM) for p-F- (116.7 ± 3.3, 136.7 ± 1.7, and 160.0 ± 2.9), p-Br- (126.7 ± 3.3, 145.0 ± 2.9, and 163.3 ± 3.3), p-Cl- (133.3 ± 3.3, 146.7 ± 1.7, and 165.0 ± 2.9), and p-I-PEA (133.3 ± 3.3, 153.3 ± 1.7, and 168.3 ± 1.7), compared to PEA 203.3 ± 3.3, 226.7 ± 4.4, and 258.3 ± 8.8). Like PEA, the difference between LDLO and LD50, and LD50 and LD100 for individual amines were similar and in the range (10 to 20%). Toxicity variation between the various p-halogenatedPEAs also fell within a relatively narrow range (as a group: LDLO 116.7 ± 3.3 to 133.3 ± 3.3, LD50 136.7 ± 1.7 to 153.3 ± 1.7, and LD100 160.0 ± 2.9 to 168.3 ± 1.7 mg/kg). PEA methylation, (exception of its α-methyl derivative), results in relatively modest changes in acute toxicity. LDLO, LD50, and LD100 values (mg/kg; x ± SEM) for N-Me- (176.6 ± 3.3, 200.0 ± 2.9, and 221.7 ± 3.3), p-Me- (183.3 ± 3.3, 206.7 ± 3.3, and 225.0 ± 2.9), o-Me- (210.0 ± 5.8, 233.3 ± 3.3, and 258.3 ± 1.7), and β-MePEA (220.0 ± 5.8, 243.3 ± 4.4, and 278.3 ± 44). Similar to PEA, and the p-HPEAs, the difference between LDLO and LD50 and LD50 and LD100 values for individual amines fell within a relatively narrow range (10 to 20%). Variation in toxicity among the methylatedPEAs also fell within a limited range (as a group: LDLO 176 ± 3.3 to 220 ± 5.8, LD50 200.0 ± 2.9 to 243.3 ± 4.4 and LD100 221.7 ± 3.3 to 278.3 ± 4.4 mg/kg). With the exception of PEA's methyl derivative (amphetamine) all the amines studied are rapidly metabolized by monoamine oxidase. This pharmacokinetics difference would help to explain the markedly higher amphetamine toxicity [(LDLO, LD50 and LD100 (mg/kg; x ± SEM) of 21.3 ± 0.9, 25.0 ± 0.6, and 29.3 ± 0.7, respectively)].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aron D Mosnaim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, N. Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marion E Wolf
- International Neuropsychiatry Consultants, Highland Park, IL, USA
| | - James J Iii O'Donnell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, N. Chicago, IL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guan S, Armbruster MR, Huang T, Edwards JL, Bythell BJ. Isomeric Differentiation and Acidic Metabolite Identification by Piperidine-Based Tagging, LC–MS/MS, and Understanding of the Dissociation Chemistries. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9305-9311. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, 391 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, 1 University Blvd, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Michael R. Armbruster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63102, United States
| | - Tianjiao Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63102, United States
| | - James L. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63102, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Bythell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, 391 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, 1 University Blvd, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
An optimized analytical method for cellular targeted quantification of primary metabolites in tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application in three kinds of hepatic cell lines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 171:171-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
15
|
Huang T, Armbruster MR, Coulton JB, Edwards JL. Chemical Tagging in Mass Spectrometry for Systems Biology. Anal Chem 2018; 91:109-125. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Michael R. Armbruster
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - John B. Coulton
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - James L. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gomez-Gomez A, Soldevila A, Pizarro N, Andreu-Fernandez V, Pozo OJ. Improving liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination of polycarboxylic acids in human urine by chemical derivatization. Comparison of o-benzyl hydroxylamine and 2-picolyl amine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 164:382-394. [PMID: 30466023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to its high sensitivity and specificity, liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) could be considered as the gold-standard in targeted metabolomics. Although LC-MS/MS allows for the direct detection of a large number of molecules, the proper quantification of highly polar compounds such as poly-carboxylic acids in complex matrices like urine is still a challenge. Chemical derivatization offers a suitable way to improve chromatographic behavior and sensitivity for these compounds. Several derivatizing agents have been proposed for the LC-MS/MS determination of carboxylic acids but studies dealing with their comparison in challenging scenarios are scarce. Here we present the evaluation of two different derivatization agents; o-benzylhydroxyl amine (oBHA) and 2-picolyl amine (2-PA); for the quantification of the (poly)-carboxylic acids belonging to the tricarboxylic acid cycle in urine. The suitability of both derivatizating agents was compared by validation of the two approaches. Derivatization with oBHA showed important advantages against 2-PA derivatization such as (i) providing better sensitivity, (ii) more stable derivatives and (iii) allowing for the proper validation of a larger number of analytes. Moreover, while 2-PA derivatization failed in the determination of the target analytes in some stored urine samples, oBHA derivatization successfully allowed for their appropriate determination in the same samples. A comparison between the concentrations obtained using oBHA derivatization and those provided by an external laboratory using UV and GC-MS detection revealed a satisfactory agreement between both results. Additionally, the concentrations obtained by the oBHA method for a set of 38 urines are in agreement with those previously reported in the literature. As a conclusion, our results show that the use of oBHA is preferred against 2-PA for the detection and quantification of (poly)-carboxylic acids in urine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gomez-Gomez
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group (FINS), IMIM, Hospital del Mar, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angie Soldevila
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group (FINS), IMIM, Hospital del Mar, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nieves Pizarro
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group (FINS), IMIM, Hospital del Mar, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Andreu-Fernandez
- Grup de Recerca Infància i Entorn (GRIE), Neonatology Unit, Hospital Clinic-Maternitat, BCNatal, Sabino Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar J Pozo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group (FINS), IMIM, Hospital del Mar, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao S, Li L. Dansylhydrazine Isotope Labeling LC-MS for Comprehensive Carboxylic Acid Submetabolome Profiling. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13514-13522. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang W, Hu X, Zhou W, Tam KY. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method Revealed that Lung Cancer Cells Exhibited Distinct Metabolite Profiles upon the Treatment with Different Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Inhibitors. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3012-3021. [PMID: 30028142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) dominate the critical switch between mitochondria-based respiration and cytoplasm-based glycolysis by controlling pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity. Up-regulated PDKs play a great role in the Warburg effect in cancer cells and accordingly present a therapeutic target. Dichloroacetate (DCA) and AZD7545 are the two most-well-known PDK inhibitors exhibiting distinct pharmacological profiles. DCA showed anticancer effects in various preclinical models and clinical studies, while the primary preclinical indication of AZD7545 was on the improvement of glucose control in type II diabetes. Little, if any, study has been undertaken the elucidation of the effects of PDK inhibition on the metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Herein, the metabolite alterations of lung cancer cells (A549) upon the treatment with PDK inhibitors were studied using a reliable liquid-chromatography-based tandem mass spectrometry method. The developed method was validated for quantification of all common glycolysis and TCA cycle catabolites with good sensitivity and reproducibility, including glucose, pyruvate, lactate, acetyl coenzyme A, citrate, α-ketoglutarate, fumarate, succinate, malate, and oxaloacetate. Our results suggested that A549 cells exhibited distinct metabolite profiles following the treatment with DCA or AZD7545, which may reflect the different pharmacological indications of these two drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Macau , Taipa , Macau, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Macau , Taipa , Macau, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Macau , Taipa , Macau, China
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Macau , Taipa , Macau, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang T, Toro M, Lee R, Hui DS, Edwards JL. Multi-functional derivatization of amine, hydroxyl, and carboxylate groups for metabolomic investigations of human tissue by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2018; 143:3408-3414. [PMID: 29915825 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00490k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics, the study of small molecules involved in cellular processes, offers the potential to reveal insights into the pathophysiology of disease states. Analysis of metabolites by electrospray mass spectrometry is complicated by their structural diversity. Amine, hydroxyl, and carboxylate groups all affect signal responses differently based on their polarity and proton affinity. This heterogeneity of signal response, sensitivity, and resistance to competing ionization complicates metabolite quantitation. Such limitations can be mitigated by a dual derivatization scheme. In this work, primary amine and hydroxyl groups are tagged with a linear acyl chloride head containing a tertiary amine tail, followed by carboxylate groups coupled to a linear amine tag with a tertiary amine tail. This tagging scheme increases analyte proton affinity and hydrophobicity. In the case of carboxylate groups, the inherent anionic charge is inverted to a cationic charge. This dual tagging is completed within 2.5 hours, diminishes adduct formation, and improves sensitivity by >75-fold. The average limit of detection for 23 metabolites was 38 nM and the R2 was 0.97. This process was used to investigate metabolite changes from human tissue. Examination of diabetic and non-diabetic human tissue showed marked changes in both energy metabolites and amino acids. Further examination of the tissue showed that HbA1C value is inversely correlated with fumarate levels. This technique potentially allows for the analysis of virtually all metabolites in a single analytical run. Thus, it may lead to a more complete picture of metabolic dysfunction in human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St louis MO, USA.
| | - Maria Toro
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St louis MO, USA. and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard Lee
- Cardiovascular Comprehensive Care Center, Saint Louis University, 3635 Vista Ave, St louis MO, USA
| | - Dawn S Hui
- Cardiovascular Comprehensive Care Center, Saint Louis University, 3635 Vista Ave, St louis MO, USA
| | - James L Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St louis MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Michopoulos F. Ion Pair Chromatography for Endogenous Metabolites LC-MS Analysis in Tissue Samples Following Targeted Acquisition. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1738:83-97. [PMID: 29654584 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7643-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A protocol for the preparation of tissue extracts for the targeted analysis of ca. 150 polar metabolites, including those involved in central carbon metabolism is described, using a reversed-phase ion pair U(H)PLC-MS method. Data collection enabled by multiple-reaction monitoring provides highly specific, sensitive acquisition of metabolic intermediates with a wide range of physicochemical properties and pathway coverage. Technical aspects are discussed for method transfer along with the basic principles of sample sequence setup, data analysis, and validation. General comments are given to help the assessment of data quality and system performance.
Collapse
|
21
|
Fiori J, Amadesi E, Fanelli F, Tropeano CV, Rugolo M, Gotti R. Cellular and mitochondrial determination of low molecular mass organic acids by LC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 150:33-38. [PMID: 29216582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A selective and sensitive method for the determination of low molecular mass organic acids (LMMOAs) in cell and mitochondrial extracts is presented. The analytical method consists in the separation by reversed phase liquid chromatography and detection with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of the LMMOAs like malic, succinic, formic and citric acids. These acids are among the cellular intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), thus their quantitation can provide essential information about the catabolic and anabolic processes occurring in cells under physiological and pathological conditions. The analytical method was fully validated in terms of linearity, detection and quantification limits, recovery and precision. Detection limits (LOD) for malic, succinic and fumaric acids were in the range of 1-10nM, while 20nM was obtained for citric acid. Analytical recovery in cell and mitochondrial extracts was found between 88 and 105% (CV% ≤7.1) and matrix effect was estimated to be less than 108%. The LC-MS/MS method applied to the quantification of TCA cycle metabolites revealed a different distribution of the four acids in cells and mitochondria, and it could be used to monitoring metabolic alterations associated with TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fiori
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisa Amadesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flaminia Fanelli
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna - S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Italy
| | | | - Michela Rugolo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
A New Derivatization Reagent for HPLC-MS Analysis of Biological Organic Acids. Chromatographia 2017; 80:1723-1732. [PMID: 29213145 PMCID: PMC5698372 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules containing carboxylic acid functional groups are ubiquitous throughout biology, playing vital roles in biological chemistry ranging from energy metabolism to cellular signaling. This paper describes a new derivatization reagent, 4-bromo-N-methylbenzylamine, which was selected for its potential to derivatize mono-, di- and tri-carboxylic acids, such as the intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This derivatization procedure facilitated the use of positive electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection of derivatized species allowing for clear identification thanks to the easily recognizable isotope pattern of the incorporated bromine. A liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS method was developed which provided limits of detection between 0.2 and 44 μg L−1 in under 6 min, depending on the analyte and total analysis time. This method was successfully applied in both in vitro and in vivo models.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ye M, Zhang L, Xu P, Zhang R, Xu J, Wu X, Chen J, Zhou C, Yan X. Simultaneous analysis of ten low-molecular-mass organic acids in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and photorespiration pathway inThalassiosira pseudonanaat different growth stages. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:635-645. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology; Ningbo University; Chinese Ministry of Education; Ningbo P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture; Ningbo University; Ningbo P.R. China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College; Ningbo P.R. China
| | - Panpan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology; Ningbo University; Chinese Ministry of Education; Ningbo P.R. China
| | - Runtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology; Ningbo University; Chinese Ministry of Education; Ningbo P.R. China
| | - Jilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology; Ningbo University; Chinese Ministry of Education; Ningbo P.R. China
| | - Xiaokai Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture; Ningbo University; Ningbo P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology; Ningbo University; Chinese Ministry of Education; Ningbo P.R. China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture; Ningbo University; Ningbo P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture; Ningbo University; Ningbo P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Review of sample preparation strategies for MS-based metabolomic studies in industrial biotechnology. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 938:18-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
25
|
Abstract
Sensitive and reliable analysis of endogenous compounds is critically important for many physiological and pathological studies. Methods based on LC–MS have progressed to become the method of choice for analyzing endogenous compounds. However, the analysis can be challenging due to various factors, including inherent low concentrations in biological samples, low ionization efficiency, undesirable chromatographic behavior and interferences of complex biological. The integration of chemical derivatization with LC–MS could enhance its capabilities in sensitivity and selectivity, and extend its application to a wider range of analytes. In this article, we will review the derivatization strategies in the LC–MS analysis of various endogenous compounds, and provide applications highlighting the impact of these important techniques in the evaluation of pathological events.
Collapse
|
26
|
de Haan N, Reiding KR, Haberger M, Reusch D, Falck D, Wuhrer M. Linkage-specific sialic acid derivatization for MALDI-TOF-MS profiling of IgG glycopeptides. Anal Chem 2015; 87:8284-91. [PMID: 26191964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a common co- and post-translational protein modification, having a large influence on protein properties like conformation and solubility. Furthermore, glycosylation is an important determinant of efficacy and clearance of biopharmaceuticals such as immunoglobulin G (IgG). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-time-of-flight (TOF)-mass spectrometry (MS) shows potential for the site-specific glycosylation analysis of IgG at the glycopeptide level. With this approach, however, important information about glycopeptide sialylation is not duly covered because of in-source and metastable decay of the sialylated species. Here, we present a highly repeatable sialic acid derivatization method to allow subclass-specific MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of tryptic IgG glycopeptides. The method, employing dimethylamidation with the carboxylic acid activator 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and the catalyst 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), results in different masses for the functionally divergent α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids. Respective lactonization and dimethylamidation leads to their direct discrimination in MS and importantly, both glycan and peptide moieties reacted in a controlled manner. In addition, stabilization allowed the acquisition of fragmentation spectra informative with respect to glycosylation and peptide sequence. This was in contrast to fragmentation spectra of underivatized samples, which were dominated by sialic acid loss. The method allowed the facile discrimination and relative quantitation of IgG Fc sialylation in therapeutic IgG samples. The method has considerable potential for future site- and sialic acid linkage-specific glycosylation profiling of therapeutic antibodies, as well as for subclass-specific biomarker discovery in clinical IgG samples derived from plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noortje de Haan
- †Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karli R Reiding
- †Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Haberger
- ‡Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- ‡Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - David Falck
- †Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- †Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands.,§Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Analysis of biologically-active, endogenous carboxylic acids based on chromatography-mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
28
|
Tan B, Lu Z, Dong S, Zhao G, Kuo MS. Derivatization of the tricarboxylic acid intermediates with O-benzylhydroxylamine for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection. Anal Biochem 2014; 465:134-47. [PMID: 25102203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is an interface among glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Increasing interest in cancer metabolism has created a demand for rapid and sensitive methods for quantifying the TCA cycle intermediates and related organic acids. We have developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to quantify the TCA cycle intermediates in a 96-well format after O-benzylhydroxylamine (O-BHA) derivatization under aqueous conditions. This method was validated for quantitation of all common TCA cycle intermediates with good sensitivity, including α-ketoglutarate, malate, fumarate, succinate, 2-hydroxyglutarate, citrate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate, isocitrate, and lactate using a 8-min run time in cancer cells and tissues. The method was used to detect and quantify changes in metabolite levels in cancer cells and tumor tissues treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT). This method is rapid, sensitive, and reproducible, and it can be used to assess metabolic changes in cancer cells and tumor samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tan
- Tailored Therapeutics, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | - Zhaohai Lu
- Cancer Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Sucai Dong
- Cancer Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Genshi Zhao
- Cancer Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Ming-Shang Kuo
- Tailored Therapeutics, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Recent developments in liquid-phase separation techniques for metabolomics. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:1011-26. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is the comprehensive analysis of low molecular weight compounds in biological samples such as cells, body fluids and tissues. Comprehensive profiling of metabolites in complex sample matrices with the current analytical toolbox remains a huge challenge. Over the past few years, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE–MS) have emerged as powerful complementary analytical techniques in the field of metabolomics. This Review provides an update of the most recent developments in LC–MS and CE–MS for metabolomics. Concerning LC–MS, attention is paid to developments in column technology and miniaturized systems, while strategies are discussed to improve the reproducibility and the concentration sensitivity of CE–MS for metabolomics studies. Novel interfacing techniques for coupling CE to MS are also considered. Representative examples illustrate the potential of the recent developments in LC–MS and CE–MS for metabolomics. Finally, some conclusions and perspectives are provided.
Collapse
|
30
|
Ren X, Liu J, Zhang C, Sun J, Luo H. Signal enhancement of carboxylic acids by inclusion with β-cyclodextrin in negative high-voltage-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:115-122. [PMID: 24285396 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE It is difficult to directly analyze carboxylic acids in complex mixtures by ambient high-voltage-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (HALDI-MS) in negative ion mode due to the low ionization efficiency of carboxylic acids. METHODS A method for the rapid detection of carboxylic acids in negative HALDI-MS has been developed based on their inclusion with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). RESULTS The negative HALDI-MS signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) of aliphatic, aromatic and hetero atom-containing carboxylic acids can all be significantly improved by forming 1:1 complexes with β-CD. These complexes are mainly formed by specific inclusion interactions which are verified by their collision-induced dissociation behaviors in comparison with that of their corresponding maltoheptaose complexes. A HALDI-MS/MS method has been successfully developed for the detection of α-lipoic acid in complex cosmetics and ibuprofen in a viscous drug suspension. CONCLUSIONS The negative HALDI-MS S/Ns of carboxylic acids can be improved up to 30 times via forming non-covalent complexes with β-CD. The developed method shows the advantages of being rapid and simple, and is promising for rapid detection of active ingredients in complex samples or fast screening of drugs and cosmetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ren
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cui J, Zhang J, Zhu X, Bai F, Feng Y, Guan W, Cui Q. Separation and Quantification of Water-Soluble Cellular Metabolites inClostridium thermocellumusing Liquid Chromatography-Isotope Dilution Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.811680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
32
|
Yu JN, Meng QY, Liu WJ, Lu YL, Ren XL. Analysis of acidic endogenous phytohormones in grapes by using online solid-phase extraction coupled with LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:1145-9. [PMID: 24200641 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play important roles in regulating numerous plant physiological and developmental processes, even during the postharvest storage period. In order to determine the functions and changes of gibberellins acid (GA3), indoleacetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), indolebutyric acid (IBA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in grape berries during storage, an ultrasensitive method based on direct injection online solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed. Grape berries were extracted with cold methanol. After centrifugation, the supernatants were concentrated with a vacuum centrifugal concentrator and injected into an online solid-phase extraction column. After the cleanup procedure, the analytes were determined by LC-MS/MS. The results showed that the linearity of the proposed method was 10-210 µg kg(-1) for ABA, 20-200 µg kg(-1) for IBA, 15-320 µg kg(-1) for IAA, 20-320 µg kg(-1) for GA3 and 3.0-90.0 µg kg(-1) for JA. The limits of detection of the method were 0.71, 2.79, 0.94, 0.39 and 0.57 µg kg(-1), respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of endogenous phytohormones in grape berries during the postharvest storage period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Na Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China College of Life Science, Tarim University, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Qing-Yan Meng
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Wen-Jie Liu
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Ya-Ling Lu
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Han J, Gagnon S, Eckle T, Borchers CH. Metabolomic analysis of key central carbon metabolism carboxylic acids as their 3-nitrophenylhydrazones by UPLC/ESI-MS. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2891-900. [PMID: 23580203 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple hydroxy-, keto-, di-, and tri-carboxylic acids are among the cellular metabolites of central carbon metabolism (CCM). Sensitive and reliable analysis of these carboxylates is important for many biological and cell engineering studies. In this work, we examined 3-nitrophenylhydrazine as a derivatizing reagent and optimized the reaction conditions for the measurement of ten CCM-related carboxylic compounds, including glycolate, lactate, malate, fumarate, succinate, citrate, isocitrate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, and α-ketoglutarate as their 3-nitrophenylhydrazones using LC/MS with ESI. With the derivatization protocol which we have developed, and using negative-ion multiple-reaction monitoring on a triple-quadrupole instrument, all of the carboxylates showed good linearity within a dynamic range of ca. 200 to more than 2000. The on-column LODs and LOQs were from high femtomoles to low picomoles. The analytical accuracies for eight of the ten analytes were determined to be between 89.5 to 114.8% (CV≤7.4%, n = 6). Using a QTOF instrument, the isotopic distribution patterns of these carboxylates, extracted from a (13) C-labeled mouse heart, were successfully determined by UPLC/MS with full-mass detection, indicating the possible utility of this analytical method for metabolic flux analysis. In summary, this work demonstrates an efficient chemical derivatization LC/MS method for metabolomic analysis of these key CCM intermediates in a biological matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mochizuki Y, Inagaki S, Suzuki M, Min JZ, Inoue K, Todoroki K, Toyo'oka T. A novel derivatization reagent possessing a bromoquinolinium structure for biological carboxylic acids in HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1883-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka; Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagaki
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka; Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
| | - Mayu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka; Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
| | - Jun Zhe Min
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka; Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
| | - Koichi Inoue
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka; Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
| | - Kenichiro Todoroki
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka; Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
| | - Toshimasa Toyo'oka
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka; Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Núñez O, Gallart-Ayala H, Martins CP, Lucci P, Busquets R. State-of-the-art in fast liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for bio-analytical applications. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:3-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
36
|
Koubaa M, Cocuron JC, Thomasset B, Alonso AP. Highlighting the tricarboxylic acid cycle: liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of (13)C-labeled organic acids. Anal Biochem 2013; 436:151-9. [PMID: 23399391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is involved in the complete oxidation of organic acids to carbon dioxide in aerobic cells. It not only uses the acetyl-CoA derived from glycolysis but also uses breakdown products of proteins, fatty acids, and nucleic acids. Therefore, the TCA cycle involves numerous carbon fluxes through central metabolism to produce reductant power and transfer the generated electrons to the aerobic electron transport system where energy is formed by oxidative phosphorylation. Although the TCA cycle plays a crucial role in aerobic organisms and tissues, the lack of direct isotopic labeling information in its intermediates (organic acids) makes the quantification of its metabolic fluxes rather approximate. This is the major technical gap that this study intended to fill. In this work, we established and validated liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods to determine (13)C labeling in organic acids involved in the TCA cycle using scheduled multiple reaction monitoring and single ion monitoring modes, respectively. Labeled samples were generated using maize embryos cultured with [(13)C]glucose or [(13)C]glutamine. Once steady-state labeling was reached, (13)C-labeled organic acids were extracted and purified. When applying our mass spectrometric methods to those extracts, mass isotopomer abundances of seven major organic acids were successfully determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Koubaa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Calderón-Santiago M, Priego-Capote F, Galache-Osuna JG, Luque de Castro MD. Method based on GC-MS to study the influence of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites on cardiovascular risk factors. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 74:178-85. [PMID: 23245249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolites involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle have previously been proposed as cardiovascular biomarkers. This cycle plays a key role in cell metabolism and the levels of the involved metabolites can also be affected by other physiological factors. The influence of three cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking habit on serum levels of TCA-cycle metabolites has been studied in patients diagnosed with significant coronary lesion. For this purpose, a method based on GC-MS for determination of the target metabolites (viz. citric/isocitric, pyruvic, aconitic, oxaloacetic, malic, fumaric and succinic acids) in serum has been developed. The high accuracy and throughput analysis featuring the method have allowed application to a cohort of 223 patients, 172 of them with significant coronary lesion. Multifactor analysis of variance has revealed interactions between the occurrence or not of a coronary lesion and the risk factors considered in this study. These interactions were crucial to explain the levels of target TCA metabolites. Statistical evaluation by ROC curves allowed discrimination of the capability of significant metabolites with the occurrence of coronary lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Calderón-Santiago
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|