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Makni S, Acket S, Guenin S, Afensiss S, Guellier A, Martins-Noguerol R, Moreno-Perez AJ, Thomasset B, Martinez-Force E, Gutierrez L, Ruelland E, Troncoso-Ponce A. Arabidopsis seeds altered in the circadian clock protein TOC1 are characterized by higher level of linolenic acid. Plant Sci 2024; 344:112087. [PMID: 38599247 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The circadian clock plays a critical role in regulating plant physiology and metabolism. However, the way in which the clock impacts the regulation of lipid biosynthesis in seeds is partially understood. In the present study, we characterized the seed fatty acid (FA) and glycerolipid (GL) compositions of pseudo-response regulator mutants. Among these mutants, toc1 (timing of cab expression 1) exhibited the most significant differences compared to control plants. These included an increase in total FA content, characterized by elevated levels of linolenic acid (18:3) along with a reduction in linoleic acid (18:2). Furthermore, our findings revealed that toc1 developing seeds showed increased expression of genes related to FA metabolism. Our results show a connection between TOC1 and lipid metabolism in Arabidopsis seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Makni
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne 60203, France
| | - Sébastien Acket
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne 60203, France
| | - Stéphanie Guenin
- Centre Régional de Ressources en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), Université Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Sana Afensiss
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne 60203, France
| | - Adeline Guellier
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne 60203, France
| | - Raquel Martins-Noguerol
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne 60203, France
| | | | - Laurent Gutierrez
- Centre Régional de Ressources en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), Université Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Eric Ruelland
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne 60203, France
| | - Adrian Troncoso-Ponce
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne 60203, France.
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Martins-Noguerol R, Acket S, Troncoso-Ponce MA, Garcés R, Thomasset B, Venegas-Calerón M, Salas JJ, Martínez-Force E, Moreno-Pérez AJ. Characterization of Helianthus annuus Lipoic Acid Biosynthesis: The Mitochondrial Octanoyltransferase and Lipoyl Synthase Enzyme System. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:781917. [PMID: 34868183 PMCID: PMC8639206 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.781917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA, 6,8-dithiooctanoic acid) is a sulfur containing coenzyme essential for the activity of several key enzymes involved in oxidative and single carbon metabolism in most bacteria and eukaryotes. LA is synthetized by the concerted activity of the octanoyltransferase (LIP2, EC 2.3.1.181) and lipoyl synthase (LIP1, EC 2.8.1.8) enzymes. In plants, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase or glycine decarboxylase are essential complexes that need to be lipoylated. These lipoylated enzymes and complexes are located in the mitochondria, while PDH is also present in plastids where it provides acetyl-CoA for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. As such, lipoylation of PDH could regulate fatty acid synthesis in both these organelles. In the present work, the sunflower LIP1 and LIP2 genes (HaLIP1m and HaLIP2m) were isolated sequenced, cloned, and characterized, evaluating their putative mitochondrial location. The expression of these genes was studied in different tissues and protein docking was modeled. The genes were also expressed in Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis thaliana, where their impact on fatty acid and glycerolipid composition was assessed. Lipidomic studies in Arabidopsis revealed lipid remodeling in lines overexpressing these enzymes and the involvement of both sunflower proteins in the phenotypes observed is discussed in the light of the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martins-Noguerol
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Sébastien Acket
- UPJV, UMR CNRS 7025, Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
| | - M. Adrián Troncoso-Ponce
- UPJV, UMR CNRS 7025, Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
| | | | - Brigitte Thomasset
- UPJV, UMR CNRS 7025, Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
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Hajji M, Falcimaigne-Gordin A, Ksouda G, Merlier F, Thomasset B, Nasri M. A water-soluble polysaccharide from Anethum graveolens seeds: Structural characterization, antioxidant activity and potential use as meat preservative. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:516-527. [PMID: 33279565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel water-soluble polysaccharide named AGP1 was successfully isolated from seeds of Anethum graveolens by hot water extraction and further purified by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography. AGP1 has a relative molecular weight of 2.1 104 Da determined by Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The AGP1 characterization was investigated by chemical and instrumental analysis including gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that AGP1 was mainly composed of glucose, galactose, mannose and arabinose in a molar percent of 54.3, 23.8, 14.7 and 7.2, respectively. The thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used and showed that AGP1 has good thermal stability until 275 °C. Moreover, the purified polysaccharide demonstrated an appreciable in vitro antioxidant potential. The addition of the AGP1, particularly at 0.3% (w/w), in turkey sausages instead of ascorbic acid, as preservative, reduced the lipid peroxidation, preserved the pH and color and improved the bacterial stability during cold storage at 4 °C for 12 days. Overall, the results showed that the AGP1 deserves to be developed as functional and bioactive components for the food and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hajji
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia.
| | - Aude Falcimaigne-Gordin
- Sorbonne Univerties, Compiègne Technology University, UMR-CNRS 7025, Enzymatic and Cellular Engineering, CS 60319, 60203 Compiegne Cedex, France
| | - Ghada Ksouda
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Franck Merlier
- Sorbonne Univerties, Compiègne Technology University, UMR-CNRS 7025, Enzymatic and Cellular Engineering, CS 60319, 60203 Compiegne Cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Sorbonne Univerties, Compiègne Technology University, UMR-CNRS 7025, Enzymatic and Cellular Engineering, CS 60319, 60203 Compiegne Cedex, France
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Thomasset
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR-CNRS 7025, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne, Cedex, France.
| | - Catherine Sarazin
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039, Amiens, France.
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Martins-Noguerol R, Moreno-Pérez AJ, Sebastien A, Troncoso-Ponce MA, Garcés R, Thomasset B, Salas JJ, Martínez-Force E. Impact of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plastidial lipoyl synthases genes expression in glycerolipids composition of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3749. [PMID: 32111914 PMCID: PMC7048873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoyl synthases are key enzymes in lipoic acid biosynthesis, a co-factor of several enzyme complexes involved in central metabolism. Plant pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH), located in mitochondria and plastids, catalyses the first step of fatty acid biosynthesis in these organelles. Among their different components, the E2 subunit requires the lipoic acid prosthetic group to be active. De novo lipoic acid biosynthesis is achieved by the successive action of two enzymes on octanoyl-ACP: octanoyltransferase (LIP2) and lipoyl synthase (LIP1). In this study, two plastidial lipoyl synthase genes from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were identified (HaLIP1p1 and HaLIP1p2), sequenced and cloned in a heterologous production system (Escherichia coli). Gene expression studies revealed similar expression patterns for both isoforms, with a slight predominance of HaLIP1p1 in vegetative tissues and mature seeds. Tertiary structural models for these enzymes indicate they both have the same theoretical catalytic sites, using lipoyl-lys and 5-deoxyadenosine as docking substrates. The fatty acid profile of E. coli cells overexpressing HaLIP1p1 and HaLIP1p2 did not present major differences, and the in vivo activity of both proteins was confirmed by complementation of an E. coli JW0623 mutant in which lipoyl synthase is defective. Although no significant differences were detected in the total fatty acid composition of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seeds overexpressing any of both proteins, a lipidomic analysis revealed a redistribution of the glycerolipid species, accompanied with increased phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) content and a decrease in diacyglycerols (DAG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Depletion of the SAM co-factor caused by HaLIP1p1 and HaLIP1p2 overexpression in transgenic plants could explain this remodelling through its effects on PC synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martins-Noguerol
- Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Building 46, UPO Campus, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Alliance Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne, Cedex, France
| | - Antonio Javier Moreno-Pérez
- Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Building 46, UPO Campus, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Alliance Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne, Cedex, France
| | - Acket Sebastien
- Alliance Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne, Cedex, France
| | - Manuel Adrián Troncoso-Ponce
- Alliance Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne, Cedex, France
| | - Rafael Garcés
- Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Building 46, UPO Campus, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Alliance Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne, Cedex, France
| | - Joaquín J Salas
- Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Building 46, UPO Campus, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique Martínez-Force
- Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Building 46, UPO Campus, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain.
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Acket S, Degournay A, Rossez Y, Mottelet S, Villon P, Troncoso-Ponce A, Thomasset B. 13C-Metabolic Flux Analysis in Developing Flax ( Linum usitatissinum L.) Embryos to Understand Storage Lipid Biosynthesis. Metabolites 2019; 10:metabo10010014. [PMID: 31878240 PMCID: PMC7022742 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissinum L.) oil is an important source of α-linolenic (C18:3 ω-3). This polyunsaturated fatty acid is well known for its nutritional role in human and animal diets. Understanding storage lipid biosynthesis in developing flax embryos can lead to an increase in seed yield via marker-assisted selection. While a tremendous amount of work has been done on different plant species to highlight their metabolism during embryo development, a comprehensive analysis of metabolic flux in flax is still lacking. In this context, we have utilized in vitro cultured developing embryos of flax and determined net fluxes by performing three complementary parallel labeling experiments with 13C-labeled glucose and glutamine. Metabolic fluxes were estimated by computer-aided modeling of the central metabolic network including 11 cofactors of 118 reactions of the central metabolism and 12 pseudo-fluxes. A focus on lipid storage biosynthesis and the associated pathways was done in comparison with rapeseed, arabidopsis, maize and sunflower embryos. In our hands, glucose was determined to be the main source of carbon in flax embryos, leading to the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) was identified as the producer of NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis. Overall, the use of 13C-metabolic flux analysis provided new insights into the flax embryo metabolic processes involved in storage lipid biosynthesis. The elucidation of the metabolic network of this important crop plant reinforces the relevance of the application of this technique to the analysis of complex plant metabolic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Acket
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (A.D.); (Y.R.); (A.T.-P.); (B.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anthony Degournay
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (A.D.); (Y.R.); (A.T.-P.); (B.T.)
| | - Yannick Rossez
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (A.D.); (Y.R.); (A.T.-P.); (B.T.)
| | - Stéphane Mottelet
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, EA 4297 TIMR, Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France;
| | - Pierre Villon
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire Roberval, FRE UTC CNRS 2012, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France;
| | - Adrian Troncoso-Ponce
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (A.D.); (Y.R.); (A.T.-P.); (B.T.)
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (A.D.); (Y.R.); (A.T.-P.); (B.T.)
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Merlier F, Octave S, Tse Sum Bui B, Thomasset B. Evaluation of performance and validity limits of gas chromatography electron ionisation with Orbitrap detection for fatty acid methyl ester analyses. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2019:e8609. [PMID: 31677298 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE While the GC-Orbitrap, marketed in 2015, represents a technological breakthrough in terms of sensitivity, resolution and mass stability, many studies have reported ion ratio modification in mass spectra using the standard 70 eV electron ionisation. METHODS We studied the influence of the acquisition and sample parameters leading to these modifications on fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). RESULTS FAMEs showed that these variations in relative intensities of ions were related to the acquisition parameters such as the mass range and the offset values of the C-TRAP, but also directly related to the column concentration of the sample, and especially that it was molecule-dependent. Advantageously, it is possible to use this feature to promote the molecular ions of FAMEs sometimes not present in a spectrum under electron ionisation at 70 eV. CONCLUSIONS The 70 eV electron ionisation mass spectra from the GC-Orbitrap were clearly molecule-dependent and could be due to metastable ions during storage states in the C-TRAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Merlier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Octave
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Bernadette Tse Sum Bui
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
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Martins-Noguerol R, Moreno-Pérez AJ, Acket S, Makni S, Garcés R, Troncoso-Ponce A, Salas JJ, Thomasset B, Martínez-Force E. Lipidomic Analysis of Plastidial Octanoyltransferase Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100209. [PMID: 31569524 PMCID: PMC6835903 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant de novo fatty acid synthesis takes place in the plastid using acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) as the main precursor. This first intermediate is produced from pyruvate through the action of the plastidial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH), which catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to produce acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH. For the proper functioning of this complex, lipoic acid is required to be bound to the dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase E2 subunit of PDH. Octanoyltransferase (LIP2; EC 2.3.1.181) and lipoyl synthase (LIP1; EC 2.8.1.8) are the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of this essential cofactor. In Arabidopsis plastids, an essential lipoyl synthase (AtLIP1p) and two redundant octanoyltransferases (AtLIP2p1 and AtLIP2p2) have been described. In the present study, the lipidomic characterization of Arabidopsis octanoyltransferase mutants reveals new insight into the lipoylation functions within plastid metabolism. Lipids and fatty acids from mature seeds and seedlings from Atlip2p1 and Atlip2p2 mutants were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-HRMS2), the analysis revealed changes in fatty acid profiles that showed similar patterns in both mutant seeds and seedlings and in the lipid species containing those fatty acids. Although both mutants showed similar tendencies, the lack of the AtLIP2p2 isoform produced a more acute variation in its lipids profile. These changes in fatty acid composition and the increase in their content per seed point to the interference of octanoyltransferases in the fatty acid synthesis flux in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martins-Noguerol
- Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Building 46, UPO Campus, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France.
| | - Antonio Javier Moreno-Pérez
- Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Building 46, UPO Campus, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France.
| | - Sebastien Acket
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France.
| | - Salim Makni
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France.
| | - Rafael Garcés
- Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Building 46, UPO Campus, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Adrián Troncoso-Ponce
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France.
| | - Joaquín J Salas
- Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Building 46, UPO Campus, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France.
| | - Enrique Martínez-Force
- Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Building 46, UPO Campus, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
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Fahs Z, Rossez Y, Guénin S, Gutierrez L, Thomasset B, Perrin Y. Cloning and molecular characterization of three lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases expressed in flax seeds. Plant Sci 2019; 280:41-50. [PMID: 30824020 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the growing demand for α-linolenic acid due to its high nutritional value as a polyunsaturated fatty acid, we have investigated the contribution of 2-lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT) enzymes from flax (Linum usitatissimum) in the accumulation of α-linolenic acid into the oil fraction of flax seed. We have isolated the cDNAs encoding three class A microsomal LPAAT2 isoforms from developing flax seeds. The three isoforms, denominated LPAAT2A, LPAAT2A2 and LPAAT2B, are able to complement the LPAAT deficient JC201 E. coli mutant, confirming their functionality. We have performed enzymatic assays showing that the specific activity of the LPAAT2A isoform is significantly higher than that of the LPAAT2A2 and LPAAT2B toward the unsaturated oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Moreover, LPAAT2A presents in vitro a high specificity and selectivity for linoleic and linolenic acids as compared to saturated fatty acids. The three isoforms are expressed during all the stages of seed development and in stem and leaf tissues, as shown by an analysis of the transcription level of the corresponding genes. The heterologous expression of LPAAT2A in Arabidopsis seeds leads to an increase in the accumulation of linoleic and linolenic acids in the oil fraction of the seeds from two transgenic lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Fahs
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Yannick Rossez
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphanie Guénin
- CRRBM, Bâtiment Serres Transfert, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France.
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- CRRBM, Bâtiment Serres Transfert, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France.
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Yolande Perrin
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
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Czerwiec Q, Idrissitaghki A, Imatoukene N, Nonus M, Thomasset B, Nicaud JM, Rossignol T. Optimization of cyclopropane fatty acids production in Yarrowia lipolytica. Yeast 2019; 36:143-151. [PMID: 30677185 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclopropane fatty acids, which can be simply converted to methylated fatty acids, are good unusual fatty acid candidates for long-term resistance to oxidization and low-temperature fluidity useful for oleochemistry and biofuels. Cyclopropane fatty acids are present in low amounts in plants or bacteria. In order to develop a process for large-scale biolipid production, we expressed 10 cyclopropane fatty acid synthases from various organisms in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, a model yeast for lipid metabolism and naturally capable of producing large amounts of lipids. The Escherichia coli cyclopropane fatty acid synthase expression in Y. lipolytica allows the production of two classes of cyclopropane fatty acids, a C17:0 cyclopropanated form and a C19:0 cyclopropanated form, whereas others produce only the C17:0 form. Expression optimization and fed-batch fermentation set-up enable us to reach a specific productivity of 0.032 g·L-1 ·hr-1 with a genetically modified strain containing cyclopropane fatty acid up to 45% of the total lipid content corresponding to a titre of 2.3 ± 0.2 g/L and a yield of 56.2 ± 4.4 mg/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Czerwiec
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Abdelghani Idrissitaghki
- Sorbonne Universités, UMR-CNRS 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Nabila Imatoukene
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Sorbonne Universités, EA 4297 TIMR, Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Maurice Nonus
- Sorbonne Universités, EA 4297 TIMR, Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Sorbonne Universités, UMR-CNRS 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marc Nicaud
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Tristan Rossignol
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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11
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Miart F, Fontaine JX, Pineau C, Demailly H, Thomasset B, Van Wuytswinkel O, Pageau K, Mesnard F. MuSeeQ, a novel supervised image analysis tool for the simultaneous phenotyping of the soluble mucilage and seed morphometric parameters. Plant Methods 2018; 14:112. [PMID: 30568724 PMCID: PMC6297999 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mucilage is a model to study the polysaccharide biosynthesis since it is produced in large amounts and composed of complex polymers. In addition, it is of great economic interest for its technical and nutritional value. A fast method for phenotyping the released mucilage and the seed morphometric parameters will be useful for fundamental, food, pharmaceutical and breeding researches. Current strategies to phenotype soluble mucilage are restricted to visual evaluations or are highly time-consuming. RESULTS Here, we developed a high-throughput phenotyping method for the simultaneous measurement of the soluble mucilage content released on a gel and the seed morphometric parameters. Within this context, we combined a biochemical assay and an open-source computer-aided image analysis tool, MuSeeQ. The biochemical assay consists in sowing seeds on an agarose medium containing the dye toluidine blue O, which specifically stains the mucilage once it is released on the gel. The second part of MuSeeQ is a macro developed in ImageJ allowing to quickly extract and analyse 11 morphometric data of seeds and their respective released mucilages. As an example, MuSeeQ was applied on a flax recombinant inbred lines population (previously screened for fatty acids content.) and revealed significant correlations between the soluble mucilage shape and the concentration of some fatty acids, e.g. C16:0 and C18:2. Other fatty acids were also found to correlate with the seed shape parameters, e.g. C18:0 and C18:2. MuSeeQ was then showed to be used for the analysis of other myxospermous species, including Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa. CONCLUSIONS MuSeeQ is a low-cost and user-friendly method which may be used by breeders and researchers for phenotyping simultaneously seeds of specific cultivars, natural variants or mutants and their respective soluble mucilage area released on a gel. The script of MuSeeQ and video tutorials are freely available at http://MuSeeQ.free.fr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Miart
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
- Present Address: Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, INRA/AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, INRA Centre de Versailles, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Xavier Fontaine
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Christophe Pineau
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Hervé Demailly
- Centre de ressources régionales en biologie moléculaire, Bâtiment Serrres-Transfert, rue Dallery, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Sorbonne Universités, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Van Wuytswinkel
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Karine Pageau
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - François Mesnard
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
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12
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Acket S, Degournay A, Gosset M, Merlier F, Troncoso-Ponce MA, Thomasset B. Analysis of 13C labeling amino acids by capillary electrophoresis – High resolution mass spectrometry in developing flaxseed. Anal Biochem 2018; 547:14-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Tshabuse F, Farrant JM, Humbert L, Moura D, Rainteau D, Espinasse C, Idrissi A, Merlier F, Acket S, Rafudeen MS, Thomasset B, Ruelland E. Glycerolipid analysis during desiccation and recovery of the resurrection plant Xerophyta humilis (Bak) Dur and Schinz. Plant Cell Environ 2018; 41:533-547. [PMID: 28865108 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Xerophyta humilis is a poikilochlorophyllous monocot resurrection plant used as a model to study vegetative desiccation tolerance. Dehydration imposes tension and ultimate loss of integrity of membranes in desiccation sensitive species. We investigated the predominant molecular species of glycerolipids present in root and leaf tissues, using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry, and then analysed changes therein during dehydration and subsequent rehydration of whole plants. The presence of fatty acids with long carbon chains and with odd numbers of carbons were detected and confirmed by gas chromatography. Dehydration of both leaves and roots resulted in an increase in species containing polyunsaturated fatty acids and a decrease in disaturated species. Upon rehydration, lipid saturation was reversed, with this being initiated immediately upon watering in roots but only 12-24 hr later in leaves. Relative levels of species with short-chained odd-numbered saturated fatty acids decreased during dehydration and increased during rehydration, whereas the reverse trend was observed for long-chained fatty acids. X. humilis has a unique lipid composition, this report being one of the few to demonstrate the presence of odd-numbered fatty acids in plant phosphoglycerolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freedom Tshabuse
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Jill M Farrant
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Lydie Humbert
- Laboratoire des BioMolécules, CNRS UMR7203, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Faculté de Médecine-Saint Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571, Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Deborah Moura
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences Environnementales de Paris, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Rainteau
- Laboratoire des BioMolécules, CNRS UMR7203, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Faculté de Médecine-Saint Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571, Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Christophe Espinasse
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences Environnementales de Paris, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Abdelghani Idrissi
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Technologique de Compiegne (UTC), Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), FRE-CNRS 3580, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Franck Merlier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Technologique de Compiegne (UTC), Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), FRE-CNRS 3580, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Acket
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Technologique de Compiegne (UTC), Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), FRE-CNRS 3580, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Mohamad S Rafudeen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Technologique de Compiegne (UTC), Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), FRE-CNRS 3580, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Eric Ruelland
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences Environnementales de Paris, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
- CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences Environnementales de Paris, UMR7618, 94010, Créteil cedex, France
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14
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Rombaut N, Savoire R, Van Hecke E, Thomasset B. Supercritical CO2
extraction of linseed: Optimization by experimental design with regards to oil yield and composition. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Rombaut
- UTC/ESCOM, EA4297 TIMR; Compiègne France
- Sorbonne Universités, UTC, FRE 3580 CNRS; Compiègne France
| | - Raphaëlle Savoire
- UTC/ESCOM, EA4297 TIMR; Compiègne France
- Bordeaux INP/CNRS/Université de Bordeaux; UMR 5248 CBMN; Pessac France
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15
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Acket S, Degournay A, Merlier F, Thomasset B. Data documenting the comparison between the theoretically expected values of free sugars mass isotopomer composition with standards using GC-MS and LC-HRMS for Metabolic Flux Analysis. Data Brief 2017; 12:108-112. [PMID: 28413815 PMCID: PMC5384292 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "13C labeling analysis of sugars by high resolution-mass spectrometry for Metabolic Flux Analysis" (Acket et al., 2017) [1]. This article provides data concerning the comparison between the theoretically expected values of free sugars mass isotopomer composition with standards using our previous methods using low resolution mass spectrometry by GC-MS (Koubaa et al., 2012, 2014) [2,3], and your new method using high resolution-mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for Metabolic Flux Analysis [1]. For discussion and a more comprehensive data interpretation and analysis, please refer to Acket et al. (2017) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Acket
- Sorbonne Universités, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE CNRS 3580, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Anthony Degournay
- Sorbonne Universités, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE CNRS 3580, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Franck Merlier
- Sorbonne Universités, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE CNRS 3580, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Sorbonne Universités, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE CNRS 3580, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
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16
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Hano C, Corbin C, Drouet S, Quéro A, Rombaut N, Savoire R, Molinié R, Thomasset B, Mesnard F, Lainé E. The lignan (+)-secoisolariciresinol extracted from flax hulls is an effective protectant of linseed oil and its emulsion against oxidative damage. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Hano
- LBLGC, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA; Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir; Chartres France
- COSMACTIFS GDR3711; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS; Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - Cyrielle Corbin
- LBLGC, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA; Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir; Chartres France
- COSMACTIFS GDR3711; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS; Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - Samantha Drouet
- LBLGC, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA; Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir; Chartres France
- COSMACTIFS GDR3711; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS; Orléans cedex 2 France
| | - Anthony Quéro
- BIOPI EA3900, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - Natacha Rombaut
- UMR 408, GREEN Team Extraction; Université d'Avignon et des pays du Vaucluse, INRA; Avignon cedex France
- ORTESA LabCom Naturex; Université d'Avignon; Avignon cedex France
| | - Raphaëlle Savoire
- IPB/ENSCBP, CBMN UMR 5248, CNRS/IPB/Université de Bordeaux, Equipe Clip'in; Allée Geoffroy Sait Hilaire, Bât B14; Pessac France
| | - Roland Molinié
- BIOPI EA3900, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Sorbonne Universités, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE CNRS 3580; Université de Technologie de Compiègne; Compiègne cedex France
| | - François Mesnard
- BIOPI EA3900, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation; Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Amiens France
| | - Eric Lainé
- LBLGC, Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA; Université d'Orléans, Pôle Universitaire d'Eure et Loir; Chartres France
- COSMACTIFS GDR3711; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, CNRS; Orléans cedex 2 France
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Abstract
We describe an approach to extract (13)C-labeled sugars (glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, myo-inositol as well as glucose from starch) from plant tissues and to analyze their isotopomer distribution by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sugars are derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) into their Si(CH3)3 derivatives. Electronic and chemical ionizations are used to obtain suitable fragments for metabolic flux analysis (MFA). Unique fragments are identified by computer simulation and experimental verification with labeled standards. Linear equations for separating information from glucosyl and fructosyl moieties of sucrose are presented. Finally, mass distributions are corrected for natural isotope abundance using a home-written program. The method is illustrated by sugar isotopomer analysis of (13)C-labeled rapeseed embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Koubaa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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18
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Chantreau M, Grec S, Gutierrez L, Dalmais M, Pineau C, Demailly H, Paysant-Leroux C, Tavernier R, Trouvé JP, Chatterjee M, Guillot X, Brunaud V, Chabbert B, van Wuytswinkel O, Bendahmane A, Thomasset B, Hawkins S. PT-Flax (phenotyping and TILLinG of flax): development of a flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) mutant population and TILLinG platform for forward and reverse genetics. BMC Plant Biol 2013; 13:159. [PMID: 24128060 PMCID: PMC3853753 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an economically important fiber and oil crop that has been grown for thousands of years. The genome has been recently sequenced and transcriptomics are providing information on candidate genes potentially related to agronomically-important traits. In order to accelerate functional characterization of these genes we have generated a flax EMS mutant population that can be used as a TILLinG (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes) platform for forward and reverse genetics. RESULTS A population of 4,894 M2 mutant seed families was generated using 3 different EMS concentrations (0.3%, 0.6% and 0.75%) and used to produce M2 plants for subsequent phenotyping and DNA extraction. 10,839 viable M2 plants (4,033 families) were obtained and 1,552 families (38.5%) showed a visual developmental phenotype (stem size and diameter, plant architecture, flower-related). The majority of these families showed more than one phenotype. Mutant phenotype data are organised in a database and can be accessed and searched at UTILLdb (http://urgv.evry.inra.fr/UTILLdb). Preliminary screens were also performed for atypical fiber and seed phenotypes. Genomic DNA was extracted from 3,515 M2 families and eight-fold pooled for subsequent mutant detection by ENDO1 nuclease mis-match cleavage. In order to validate the collection for reverse genetics, DNA pools were screened for two genes coding enzymes of the lignin biosynthesis pathway: Coumarate-3-Hydroxylase (C3H) and Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase (CAD). We identified 79 and 76 mutations in the C3H and CAD genes, respectively. The average mutation rate was calculated as 1/41 Kb giving rise to approximately 9,000 mutations per genome. Thirty-five out of the 52 flax cad mutant families containing missense or codon stop mutations showed the typical orange-brown xylem phenotype observed in CAD down-regulated/mutant plants in other species. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a flax mutant population that can be used as an efficient forward and reverse genetics tool. The collection has an extremely high mutation rate that enables the detection of large numbers of independant mutant families by screening a comparatively low number of M2 families. The population will prove to be a valuable resource for both fundamental research and the identification of agronomically-important genes for crop improvement in flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Chantreau
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 1 UMR 1281, Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex F-59650, France
- INRA UMR, 281 Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux Cultivés, Villeneuve d’Ascq F-59650, France
| | - Sébastien Grec
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 1 UMR 1281, Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex F-59650, France
- INRA UMR, 281 Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux Cultivés, Villeneuve d’Ascq F-59650, France
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- CRRBM, UFR des Sciences, UPJV, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens cedex 80039, France
| | - Marion Dalmais
- URGV, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, INRA, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP 5708, Evry cedex 91057, France
| | | | - Hervé Demailly
- CRRBM, UFR des Sciences, UPJV, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens cedex 80039, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Paul Trouvé
- Terre de Lin, société cooperative agricole, Saint-Pierre-Le-Viger, 76 740, France
| | - Manash Chatterjee
- Bench Bio Pvt Ltd., c/o Jai Research Foundation, Vapi, Gujarat 396195, India
- National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Véronique Brunaud
- URGV, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, INRA, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP 5708, Evry cedex 91057, France
| | - Brigitte Chabbert
- INRA, UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, Reims F-51100, France
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, Reims F-51100, France
| | | | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- URGV, Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, INRA, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux CP 5708, Evry cedex 91057, France
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- CNRS-FRE 3580, GEC, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CS 60319, Compiègnecedex 60203, France
| | - Simon Hawkins
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 1 UMR 1281, Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex F-59650, France
- INRA UMR, 281 Stress Abiotiques et Différenciation des Végétaux Cultivés, Villeneuve d’Ascq F-59650, France
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19
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Koubaa M, Cocuron JC, Thomasset B, Alonso AP. Highlighting the tricarboxylic acid cycle: liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of (13)C-labeled organic acids. Anal Biochem 2013; 436:151-9. [PMID: 23399391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is involved in the complete oxidation of organic acids to carbon dioxide in aerobic cells. It not only uses the acetyl-CoA derived from glycolysis but also uses breakdown products of proteins, fatty acids, and nucleic acids. Therefore, the TCA cycle involves numerous carbon fluxes through central metabolism to produce reductant power and transfer the generated electrons to the aerobic electron transport system where energy is formed by oxidative phosphorylation. Although the TCA cycle plays a crucial role in aerobic organisms and tissues, the lack of direct isotopic labeling information in its intermediates (organic acids) makes the quantification of its metabolic fluxes rather approximate. This is the major technical gap that this study intended to fill. In this work, we established and validated liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods to determine (13)C labeling in organic acids involved in the TCA cycle using scheduled multiple reaction monitoring and single ion monitoring modes, respectively. Labeled samples were generated using maize embryos cultured with [(13)C]glucose or [(13)C]glutamine. Once steady-state labeling was reached, (13)C-labeled organic acids were extracted and purified. When applying our mass spectrometric methods to those extracts, mass isotopomer abundances of seven major organic acids were successfully determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Koubaa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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20
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Fenart S, Chabi M, Gallina S, Huis R, Neutelings G, Riviere N, Thomasset B, Hawkins S, Lucau-Danila A. Intra-platform comparison of 25-mer and 60-mer oligonucleotide Nimblegen DNA microarrays. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:43. [PMID: 23375116 PMCID: PMC3608165 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We performed a Nimblegen intra-platform microarray comparison by assessing two categories of flax target probes (short 25-mers oligonucleotides and long 60-mers oligonucleotides) in identical conditions of target production, design, labelling, hybridization, image analyses, and data filtering. We compared technical parameters of array hybridizations, precision and accuracy as well as specific gene expression profiles. Results Comparison of the hybridization quality, precision and accuracy of expression measurements, as well as an interpretation of differential gene expression in flax tissues were performed. Both array types yielded reproducible, accurate and comparable data that are coherent for expression measurements and identification of differentially expressed genes. 60-mers arrays gave higher hybridization efficiencies and therefore were more sensitive allowing the detection of a higher number of unigenes involved in the same biological process and/or belonging to the same multigene family. Conclusion The two flax arrays provide a good resolution of expressed functions; however the 60-mers arrays are more sensitive and provide a more in-depth coverage of candidate genes potentially involved in different biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Fenart
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 1, UMR INRA 1281, SADV, F- 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
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Koubaa M, Mghaieth S, Thomasset B, Roscher A. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of 13C labeling in sugars for metabolic flux analysis. Anal Biochem 2012; 425:183-8. [PMID: 22475504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic flux analysis, using 13C labeled substrates, has become a powerful methodology for quantifying intracellular fluxes. Most often, analysis is restricted to nuclear magnetic resonance or mass spectrometry measurement of 13C label incorporation into protein amino acids. However, amino acid isotopomer distribution insufficiently covers the entire network of central metabolism, especially in plant cells with highly compartmented metabolism, and analysis of other metabolites is required. Analysis of label in saccharides provides complementary data to better define fluxes around hexose, pentose, and triose phosphate pools. Here, we propose a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method to analyze 13C labeling in glucose and fructose moieties of sucrose, free glucose, fructose, maltose, inositol, and starch. Our results show that saccharide labeling for isotopomer quantification is better analyzed by chemical ionization than by electron ionization. The structure of the generated fragments was simulated and validated using labeled standards. The method is illustrated by analysis of saccharides extracted from developing rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) embryos. It is shown that glucose 6-phosphate isomerase and plastidial glucose 6-phosphate transport reactions are not at equilibrium, and light is shed on the pathways leading to fructose, maltose, and inositol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Koubaa
- Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 6022, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France
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Pilalis E, Chatziioannou A, Thomasset B, Kolisis F. An in silico compartmentalized metabolic model of Brassica napus enables the systemic study of regulatory aspects of plant central metabolism. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:1673-82. [PMID: 21337341 DOI: 10.1002/bit.23107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical network reconstructions represent valuable tools for the computational metabolic modeling of organisms that present a great biotechnological interest. An in silico multi-compartmental model of the central metabolism of the plant Brassica napus (Rapeseed) was constructed, aiming to investigate the metabolic properties of the Brassicaceae family. This family comprises many plants with major importance for the energy and nutrition sector, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The model utilized as objective function to be subsequently optimized, the biomass production of rapeseed developing embryos, which are characterized by a very high, oil content, up to 60% of biomass weight. In order to study global network properties of seed metabolism, various methods were employed, like Flux Balance Analysis, Principal Component Analysis of the flux space and reaction deletion studies, which simulate the effect of gene knock-out experiments. The model successfully simulated seed growth during the stage of oil accumulation and provided insight, regarding certain aspects of network plasticity, with the emphasis given in lipid biosynthesis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Pilalis
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave, GR-11635, Athens, Greece
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Fenart S, Ndong YPA, Duarte J, Rivière N, Wilmer J, van Wuytswinkel O, Lucau A, Cariou E, Neutelings G, Gutierrez L, Chabbert B, Guillot X, Tavernier R, Hawkins S, Thomasset B. Development and validation of a flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) gene expression oligo microarray. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:592. [PMID: 20964859 PMCID: PMC3091737 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) has been cultivated for around 9,000 years and is therefore one of the oldest cultivated species. Today, flax is still grown for its oil (oil-flax or linseed cultivars) and its cellulose-rich fibres (fibre-flax cultivars) used for high-value linen garments and composite materials. Despite the wide industrial use of flax-derived products, and our actual understanding of the regulation of both wood fibre production and oil biosynthesis more information must be acquired in both domains. Recent advances in genomics are now providing opportunities to improve our fundamental knowledge of these complex processes. In this paper we report the development and validation of a high-density oligo microarray platform dedicated to gene expression analyses in flax. RESULTS Nine different RNA samples obtained from flax inner- and outer-stems, seeds, leaves and roots were used to generate a collection of 1,066,481 ESTs by massive parallel pyrosequencing. Sequences were assembled into 59,626 unigenes and 48,021 sequences were selected for oligo design and high-density microarray (Nimblegen 385K) fabrication with eight, non-overlapping 25-mers oligos per unigene. 18 independent experiments were used to evaluate the hybridization quality, precision, specificity and accuracy and all results confirmed the high technical quality of our microarray platform. Cross-validation of microarray data was carried out using quantitative qRT-PCR. Nine target genes were selected on the basis of microarray results and reflected the whole range of fold change (both up-regulated and down-regulated genes in different samples). A statistically significant positive correlation was obtained comparing expression levels for each target gene across all biological replicates both in qRT-PCR and microarray results. Further experiments illustrated the capacity of our arrays to detect differential gene expression in a variety of flax tissues as well as between two contrasted flax varieties. CONCLUSION All results suggest that our high-density flax oligo-microarray platform can be used as a very sensitive tool for analyzing gene expression in a large variety of tissues as well as in different cultivars. Moreover, this highly reliable platform can also be used for the quantification of mRNA transcriptional profiling in different flax tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Fenart
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 1 UMR INRA 1281, SADV, F- 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
| | | | - Jorge Duarte
- BIOGEMMA, Z.I. du Brezet, 8 rue des Frères Lumières, 63028 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France
| | - Nathalie Rivière
- BIOGEMMA, Z.I. du Brezet, 8 rue des Frères Lumières, 63028 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 2, France
| | - Jeroen Wilmer
- BIOGEMMA, domaine de Sandreau, Chemin de Panedautes, 31700 Mondonville, France
| | | | - Anca Lucau
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 1 UMR INRA 1281, SADV, F- 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
| | | | - Godfrey Neutelings
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 1 UMR INRA 1281, SADV, F- 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
| | - Laurent Gutierrez
- CRRBM, UFR des Sciences, UPJV, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Chabbert
- UMR- INRA, UMR614, URCA, FARE, 2 Esplanade R. Garros, CREA, BP 224, 51686 Reims, France
| | | | | | - Simon Hawkins
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille 1 UMR INRA 1281, SADV, F- 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- UMR CNRS 6022, GEC, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, BP 20529, 60205 Compiègne cedex, France
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Nlandu Mputu M, Rhazi L, Vasseur G, Vu TD, Gontier E, Thomasset B. Identification of a potential bottleneck in branched chain fatty acid incorporation into triacylglycerol for lipid biosynthesis in agronomic plants. Biochimie 2009; 91:703-10. [PMID: 19327383 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In plant, unusual fatty acids are produced by a limited number of species. The industrial benefits of these unusual structures have led several groups to study their production in transgenic plants. Their research results led to very modest accumulation in seeds which was largely due to a limited knowledge of the lipid metabolism and fatty acid transfer in plants. More specifically we need to better understand the substrate specificity and selectivity of acyltransferases which are required for the incorporation of these unusual fatty acids into storage triacylglycerols. In our studies we have compared the incorporation of [(14)C] Oleoyl-CoA and Branched Chain Acyls-CoA into [(3)H] LPA-C18:1 by the Lysophosphatidic acid Acyltransferase (LPAAT) from developing seeds of agronomic plants (flax (Linum usitatissimum) and rape (Brassica napus)) and from a plant capable of producing high amounts of hydroxy fatty acids (castor bean (Ricinus communis)). Our assays demonstrate that LPAATs of the three studied species (1) incorporated preferentially oleyl-CoA, (2) could incorporate cyclopropane acyl-CoA when added alone as a substrate, however very weakly for rapeseed and castor bean seeds, (3) presented a low capacity to incorporate methyl branched acyl-CoA when added alone as a substrate (4) weakly incorporated cyclopropane acyl-CoA and was unable to incorporate methyl branched acyl-CoA when presented with an equimolar mix of oleyl-CoA and branched chain acyl-CoA. In all cases, the LPAAT had a low affinity for branched chain acyl-CoAs. The results show that LPAAT activity from agronomic plants constitutes a bottleneck for the incorporation of branched Chain acyl-CoA into PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nlandu Mputu
- UMR CNRS, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, France
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Thomasset B, Carrière F, Record M. Lipids for the future: From agro-resources to human health. Biochimie 2009; 91:iv-v. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(09)00123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Caillot S, Rosiau E, Laplace C, Thomasset B. Influence of light intensity and selection scheme on regeneration time of transgenic flax plants. Plant Cell Rep 2009; 28:359-71. [PMID: 19011860 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 10/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at establishing a protocol to increase the number of regenerated shoots and to limit the recovery of "escapes" during the regeneration of transgenic flax plants (cv Barbara). Here, we describe how light, adapted media and selection scheme could stimulate the transformation process, the organogenic potentiality of calli (by a factor of 3.2) and accelerate the transgenic shoot regeneration (by a factor of about 2). On comparison of the transformation rate observed while using low light (LL) and high light (HL) a considerable enhancement from 0.12 to 5.7% was evident. The promotive effect of light might also had a direct beneficial effect on transgenic plant production time leading to a reduction of more than 4 months in the time need to obtain transgenic seeds. All data indicate that HL plays a role on growth and on protein, rubisco and pigment contents by stimulating the gene implicated in photosynthetic and Calvin cycle processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Caillot
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR 6022 du CNRS, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne Cedex, France
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Noizet M, Harrabi F, Vijayalakshmi M, Galbraith D, Thomas D, Thomasset B. Targeted protein accumulation promoted by autoassembly and its recovery from plant cells. Biotechnol J 2008; 3:392-402. [PMID: 18264977 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200700182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The expression of a fusion protein formed between the avian infectious bronchitis virus M protein and the bacterial enzyme beta-glucuronidase (GUS) in plants promotes the formation of new organization of the endoplasmic reticulum in tobacco plants. This unusual organization of the membranes, never present in nontransformed plants, has been explained by the oligomerization of the GUS domains of the IBVM-GUS fusion proteins. These specific organized membranes could have broad implications for biotechnology since their formation could be used as a mechanism for retaining and accumulating resident proteins in specific and discrete membrane compartments. In this study, we have shown that the unusual organization of native membranes due to overexpression of the IBVM-GUS fusion gene in tobacco transgenic plants and calli is present at higher levels in plant cell suspensions than in plant tissues. In these cell suspensions, IBVM-GUS protein was continuously synthesized and accumulated throughout the cell culture. An enrichment of the chimeric IBVM-GUS protein corresponding to a five-fold increase in the microsomal fractions was achieved and the GUS enzyme did not show any modification on enzyme kinetics. However, the GUS activity could be differentially distributed in the fractions eluted at different pH suggesting differences in the surface topography of histidine residues for this recombinant GUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mildred Noizet
- UMR 6022 CNRS, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne Cedex, France
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Troufflard S, Roscher A, Thomasset B, Barbotin JN, Rawsthorne S, Portais JC. In vivo 13C NMR determines metabolic fluxes and steady state in linseed embryos. Phytochemistry 2007; 68:2341-50. [PMID: 17540418 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 04/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of developing linseed embryo metabolism was investigated using (13)C-labelling experiments where the real-time kinetics of label incorporation into metabolites was monitored in situ using in vivo NMR. The approach took advantage of the occurrence in this plant tissue of large metabolite pools - such as sucrose or lipids - to provide direct and quantitative measurement of the evolution of the labelling state within central metabolism. As a pre-requisite for the use of steady state flux measurements it was shown that isotopic steady state was reached within 3 h at the level of central intermediates whereas it took a further 6h for the sucrose pool. Complete isotopic and metabolic steady state took 18 h to be reached. The data collected during the transient state where label was equilibrated but the metabolic steady state was incomplete, enabled the rates of lipid and sucrose synthesis to be measured in situ on the same sample. This approach is suitable to get a direct assessment of metabolic time-scales within living plant tissues and provides a valuable complement to steady state flux determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Troufflard
- Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR-CNRS 6022, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
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Gutierrez L, Conejero G, Castelain M, Guénin S, Verdeil JL, Thomasset B, Van Wuytswinkel O. Identification of new gene expression regulators specifically expressed during plant seed maturation. J Exp Bot 2006; 57:1919-32. [PMID: 16606634 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erj138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA-AFLP approach on Linum usitatissimum (flax) was used to identify genes specifically expressed during the seed maturation process. Among the 20,000 cDNA-AFLP tags produced, 486 were selected for their seed-specific expression during maturation. When compared with the publicly available databases, half of them presented some significant similarity with known plant sequences. The results obtained confirmed the accuracy of the approach as numerous genes previously described as being expressed exclusively in plant seeds were identified in this screen. The focus was on sequences similar to plant regulators involved in the control of gene expression, either at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, or post-translational levels. Using a real-time RT-PCR approach, seed-specific expression kinetics were confirmed for 13 of these regulators that were never characterized for being expressed during seed maturation. Among these, a flax gene of the non-LEC1-like HAP3 family and a flax MYB factor were shown to be expressed in specialized tissues of flax embryo using an in situ hybridization approach. By expression kinetic comparison between these flax genes and their Arabidopsis counterparts, it was found that the new HAP3 gene should be related to a ubiquitous seed maturation mechanism, while a new MYB factor appears to be related to a more seed-specific maturation mechanism. These results demonstrate the utility of the flax database in not only identifying new genes expressed during seed maturation but also in being able to highlight the distinction between conserved and non-conserved seed maturation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gutierrez
- Laboratoire de Génomique Fonctionnelle des Plantes, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté des Sciences, Amiens, France
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Gontier E, Boussouel N, Terrasse C, Jannoyer M, Ménard M, Thomasset B, Bourgaud F. Litchi chinensis fatty acid diversity: occurrence of the unusual cyclopropanoic fatty acids. Biochem Soc Trans 2000; 28:578-80. [PMID: 11171131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Litchi chinensis (Sapindaceae) is a tree that originates from China and is cultivated for its sweet fruits all over the world in warm climates. Unusual fatty acids such as cyclopropanoic fatty acids have been identified in the seeds of Litchi. Because of their potential value for industry (as inks, cosmetics, detergents, lubricants, etc.), the variability in the relative levels of unusual fatty acids in the seeds of 28 different Litchi varieties was analysed at two locations (on Réunion Island in the Indian Ocean) and on two different harvest dates. Except for one variety, all the seeds contained cis-9,10-methylene-octadecanoic acid (C(19)CA) at a relative level of 35-48%. The only variety that contained no or only traces of C(19)CA was Groff, seeds of which were significantly much smaller than those from all other varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gontier
- Laboratoire Agronomie & Environnement, ENSAIA-INRA, 2 av. de la Forêt de Haye, BP172, 54505 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.
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Belbahri L, Chevalier L, Bensaddek L, Gillet F, Fliniaux MA, Boerjan W, Inzé D, Thomas D, Thomasset B. Different expression of an S-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene in transgenic tobacco callus modifies alkaloid biosynthesis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 69:11-20. [PMID: 10820326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Transformed callus cultures of Nicotiana tabacum were generated in which the SAM-1 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (SAM-S), under the control of the 35S promoter, had been integrated. The presence of the SAM-1 gene was detected in all tested transformants and the SAM-S activity correlated with the accumulation of SAM in the tobacco callus cultures. Three distinct phenotypic classes were identified among the transgenic cell lines in relation to growth of the cells, structure of the calli, and level of SAM. Transgene silencing was observed in several cultivated transgenic calli and this phenomenon was correlated directly with a low level of SAM-1 mRNA accompanied by a decrease of the SAM-S activity. The transgenic calli overexpressing the SAM-1 gene accumulated a high SAM level. The modifications in SAM-S activity were reflected in the pattern of secondary products present in the different cell lines, thereby demonstrating that the flux through the biosynthetic pathway of a plant secondary product can be modified by means of genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Belbahri
- Laboratoire de Technologie Enzymatique, UPRES A 6022 du CNRS, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, BP 20529, 60205 Compiegne Cedex, France
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Belbahri L, Chevalier L, Bensaddek L, Gillet F, Fliniaux MA, Boerjan W, Inzé D, Thomas D, Thomasset B. Different expression of anS-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene in transgenic tobacco callus modifies alkaloid biosynthesis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(20000705)69:1<11::aid-bit2>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Boetti H, Chevalier L, Denmat LA, Thomas D, Thomasset B. Efficiency of physical (light) or chemical (ABA, tetracycline, CuSO4 or 2-CBSU)-stimulus-dependent gus gene expression in tobacco cell suspensions. Biotechnol Bioeng 1999; 64:1-13. [PMID: 10397834 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19990705)64:1<1::aid-bit1>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the efficiency of inducible promoters to switch on gene expression in the presence of inducer or to switch it off in its absence was evaluated in tobacco cell suspensions transformed with the gus gene coding sequence. Either plant (pats1A, pSalT, pIn2-2) or microbial (pMre, pTet) inducible promoters were used to drive gus expression. The inducers were light, abscisic acid, 2-CBSU, CuSO4, tetracycline, respectively. For each construct (inducible promoter-gus coding sequence), the optimal induction conditions were determined (inducer concentration, induction time, and age of cells in culture cycle before induction). The efficiency of the inducible promoter was then evaluated under optimal induction conditions. GUS-expression levels obtained under non-inducing and inducing conditions were systematically compared. Thirty or forty percent of the clones transformed with the pSalT-gus or pTet-gus construct, respectively, showed high induction rates (>1000) and GUS activities of the same order as those obtained with a constitutive system. However, basal GUS levels were always high for the pTet-gus cell lines. Seventy or eighty-five percent of the cell lines transformed with the pMre-gus or pln2-2-gus construct, respectively, had induction rates of 1.5 to 1000. The pats1A-gus construct gave very low induction rates-55% of cell lines had induction rates less than 1.5. Only the pSalt-gus construct gave both the highest induction rates and basal GUS-levels equivalent to the endogenous GUS background.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Boetti
- Laboratoire de Technologie Enzymatique, UPRES A 6022 CNRS, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, BP 20529, 60205 Compiegne Cedex, France.
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Thomasset B, Thomas D, Lortie R. Influence of immobilization procedure and salt environment on functional stability of chloroplast membranes: Experimental data and numerical analysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 1988; 32:764-70. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260320607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Thomasset B, Friboulet A, Barbotin JN, Thomas D. Modulation by a high citrate concentration of kinetic parameters and of functional stability of two immobilized thylakoid systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 1986; 28:1200-5. [PMID: 18555446 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260280810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This article deals with aspects of the reciprocal interaction between the activity of chloroplast membranes and their microenvironment. The artificial matrices used in the present work to immobilize thylakoids (albumin-glutaraldehyde matrix, polyurethane foam) can be regarded as weak ion exchangers. Thus, the distribution of the solute between the matrix surface and the external solution should, at least in part, be governed by a Donnan equilibrium. The influence of a high ionic strength medium (750mM potassium citrate) on the kinetic parameters (K(p1) V(m)) and on the stability of the photosynthetic activity of immobilized chloroplast membranes has been studied. The results show similarities in behavior of the two supports studied in that, for both, a high concentration of salt (citrate) increases the apparent affinity for ferricyanide and allows a better transformation of this electron acceptor in CSTR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Thomasset
- Laboratoire de Technologie Enzymatique, UA 523 CNRS, Universite de Technologie de Compiegne, BP233, 60200 Compiegne Cedex, France
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Thomasset B, Barbotin JN, Thomas D. The effects of high concentrations of salts on photosynthetic electron transport of immobilized thylakoids: Functional stability. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00454375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Thomasset B, Barbotin JN, Thomas D. The effects of oxygen solubility and high concentrations of salts on photosynthetic electron transport in chloroplast membranes. Biochem J 1984; 218:539-45. [PMID: 6712630 PMCID: PMC1153370 DOI: 10.1042/bj2180539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast membranes were isolated in different media containing Hepes [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine-ethanesulphonic acid] and high concentrations of sorbitol (0.33 M), potassium citrate (0.75 M) or Na2SO4 (1.0 M). Due to the complexity of the media, the oxygen solubility is strongly modified by high concentrations of salts (oxygen solubility for 0.33 M-sorbitol, 0.21 mmol/litre; for 0.75 M-potassium citrate, 0.121 mmol/litre; and for 1.0 M-Na2SO4, 0.112 mmol/litre). The knowledge of these values is necessary to interpret the rate of O2 evolution. For thylakoids isolated in 'sorbitol buffer' and then tested in high concentrations of potassium citrate, a slight stimulation of O2 evolution is observed (143-173 mumol of O2/h per mg of chlorophyll a) with potassium ferricyanide as electron acceptor. When we monitor the potassium ferricyanide reduction, no stimulation of electron transport is obtained even if the observed phenomenon is identical with the Photosystem-II oxygen evolution. In the same experiments no stimulation of the photophosphorylation was recorded, but when thylakoids are directly isolated in 0.75 M-potassium citrate, O2 evolution, ferricyanide reduction and photophosphorylation are inhibited by high concentrations of salts. The behaviour of thylakoids seems to be influenced by their initial treatment.
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Thomasset B, Barbotin JN, Thomas D, Thomasset T, Vejux A, Jeanfils J. Fluorescence and photoacoustic spectroscopy of immobilized thylakoids. Biotechnol Bioeng 1983; 25:2453-68. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260251014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Thomasset B, Thomasset T, Vejux A, Jeanfils J, Barbotin JN, Thomas D. Immobilized thylakoids in a cross-linked albumin matrix: effects of cations studied by electron microscopy, fluorescence emission, photoacoustic spectroscopy, and kinetic measurements. Plant Physiol 1982; 70:714-22. [PMID: 16662563 PMCID: PMC1065758 DOI: 10.1104/pp.70.3.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) thylakoids has been performed by using glutaraldehyde and bovine serum albumin. Confirming previous reports, a stabilization of the O(2) evolution activity of the photosystem II (PSII) under storage and functional conditions has been observed. The present work is devoted to the role played by mono-and divalent cations, during the immobilization process itself, on the O(2) production. Four types of measurements have been employed: kinetic measurements, low temperature (77 K) fluorescence emission, photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy, and electron microscopy observations. We show that the effect of glutaraldehyde is complex because it acts as an inhibitor, a stabilizing agent, and a cross-linking reactive. In the present studies, the thylakoids are immobilized within a polymeric insoluble albumin matrix. The highest activity yield and the best storage conditions are obtained when 0.15 mm Na(+) (or K(+)), 1 mm Mg(2+), and 0.1 mm Mn(2+) are present in the resuspending media before the immobilization. Due to modifications of the ionic content during such a process, structural differences are observed on the stacking degree of thylakoids. No modification of the fluorescence and PA spectra after the immobilization are found. Furthermore, a correlation between activities and spectral changes have been shown: when the activities increase, the F(735) to F(695) ratio increases and the PA(676) to PA(440) ratio decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Thomasset
- Laboratoire de Technologie Enzymatique (ERA No. 338 CNRS), Université de Technologie de Compiègne, B.P. 233-60206 Compiègne, France
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Thomasset B, Thomasset T, Barbotin JN, Vejux A. Photoacoustic spectroscopy of active immobilized chloroplast membranes. Appl Opt 1982; 21:124-126. [PMID: 20372414 DOI: 10.1364/ao.21.000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts immobilized in proteins, polysaccharides, and organic polymers are studied in terms of activity yield and functional stability under continuous work, using the relative changes in PAS spectra.
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Cocquempot MF, Thomasset B, Barbotin JN, Gellf G, Thomas D. Comparative stabilization of biological photosystems by several immobilization procedures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00505866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Larreta Garde V, Thomasset B, Tanaka A, Gellf G, Thomas D. Comparative stabilization of biological photosystems by several immobilization procedures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00511250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Protein foam structures bearing cells and organelles were produced by using a co-crosslinking method with serum albumin and glutaraldehyde at sub-zero temperature. Morphological observations obtained with scanning and transmission electron microscopy indicate macroporous and homogeneous structures. The glutaraldehyde concentration was varied to reveal its effect on immobilized red cells. It was observed that the structural appearance of preatreated cells or subcellular fractions (thylakoids from lettuce ; spheroplasts and chromatophores from R. capsulata) is preserved during the immobilization process. The morphological features of foam particles are always related to the observed kinetic activities of the specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Barbotin
- Laboratoire de Technologie Enzymatique, Université de Compiègne, (ERA No 338 du C.N.R.S.), BP 233, 60206 Compiègne, France
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Barbotin JN, Thomasset B. Immobilization of L-glutamate dehydrogenase into soluble cross-linked polymers. ADP effect and electron microscopy studies. Biochim Biophys Acta 1979; 570:11-21. [PMID: 114224 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(79)90196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Active soluble cross-linked L-glutamate dehydrogenase (L-glutamate: NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC 1.4.1.3) albumin polymers were produced. Electron microscopic studies and kinetic properties were studied with the polymer in solution and compared with previous published data about the enzyme immobilized inside proteic films (Barbotin, J.N. and Breuil, M. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 525, 18--27). The glutaraldehyde effect on activity yield, ADP and beta-NAD+ protection, stability and pH rate profile were studied and discussed. Apparent Michaelis constants were determined with soluble polymers produced with or without ADP during the grafting process. Experiments were performed on the regulatory properties of immobilized glutamate dehydrogeanse showing the decrease of ADP activation and GTP inhibition as compared to the free form. In other respects, electron microscopy observations showed morphological differences between the two populations of soluble polymers produced in presence of ADP, obtained after gel filtration on Sepharose 6B. Linear aggregates of high molecular weight and classical soluble polymers were obtained. Similar Km values and regulatory properties were exhibited by the two forms, demonstrating the absence of interdependence between the allosteric control and the polymerization of enzyme monomers.
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