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Tóth Á, Deák B, Tóth K, Kiss R, Lukács K, Rádai Z, Godó L, Borza S, Kelemen A, Miglécz T, Bátori Z, Novák TJ, Valkó O. Vertical distribution of soil seed bank and the ecological importance of deeply buried seeds in alkaline grasslands. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13226. [PMID: 35402097 PMCID: PMC8992659 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Soil seed banks play a central role in vegetation dynamics and may be an important source of ecological restoration. However, the vast majority of seed bank studies examined only the uppermost soil layers (0-10 cm); hence, our knowledge on the depth distribution of seed bank and the ecological significance of deeply buried seeds is limited. The aim of our study was to examine the fine-scale vertical distribution of soil seed bank to a depth of 80 cm, which is one of the largest studied depth gradients so far. Our model systems were alkaline grasslands in East-Hungary, characterised by harsh environmental conditions, due to Solonetz soil reference group with Vertic horizon. We asked the following questions: (1) How do the seedling density and species richness of soil seed bank change along a vertical gradient and to what depth can germinable seeds be detected? (2) What is the relationship between the depth distribution of the germinable seeds and the species traits? Methods In each of the five study sites, four soil cores (4 cm diameter) of 80 cm depth were collected with an auger for soil seed bank analysis. Each sample was divided into sixteen 5-cm segments by depth (320 segments in total). Samples were concentrated by washing over sieves and then germinated in an unheated greenhouse. Soil penetration resistance was measured in situ next to each core location (0-80 cm depth, 1-cm resolution). We tested the number and species richness of seedlings observed in the soil segments (N = 320), using negative binomial generalized linear regression models, in which sampling layer and penetration resistance were the predictor variables. We ran the models for morphological groups (graminoids/forbs), ecological groups (grassland species/weeds) and life-form categories (short-lived/perennial). We also tested whether seed shape index, seed mass, water requirement or salt tolerance of the species influence the vertical distribution of their seed bank. Results Germinable seed density and species richness in the seed bank decreased with increasing soil depth and penetration resistance. However, we detected nine germinable seeds of six species even in the deepest soil layer. Forbs, grassland species and short-lived species occurred in large abundance in deep layers, from where graminoids, weeds and perennial species were missing. Round-shaped seeds were more abundant in deeper soil layers compared to elongated ones, but seed mass and ecological indicator values did not influence the vertical seed bank distribution. Our research draws attention to the potential ecological importance of the deeply buried seeds that may be a source of recovery after severe disturbance. As Vertisols cover 335 million hectares worldwide, these findings can be relevant for many regions and ecosystems globally. We highlight the need for similar studies in other soil and habitat types to test whether the presence of deep buried seeds is specific to soils with Vertic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Tóth
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary,Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary,Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Deák
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Katalin Tóth
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Réka Kiss
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lukács
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Rádai
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Laura Godó
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Sándor Borza
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - András Kelemen
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary,Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Miglécz
- Hungarian Research Institute for Organic Agriculture, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bátori
- Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor József Novák
- Department of Landscape Protection and Environmental Geography, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Valkó
- Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
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Miart F, Fontaine JX, Pineau C, Demailly H, Thomasset B, Van Wuytswinkel O, Pageau K, Mesnard F. MuSeeQ, a novel supervised image analysis tool for the simultaneous phenotyping of the soluble mucilage and seed morphometric parameters. Plant Methods 2018; 14:112. [PMID: 30568724 PMCID: PMC6297999 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mucilage is a model to study the polysaccharide biosynthesis since it is produced in large amounts and composed of complex polymers. In addition, it is of great economic interest for its technical and nutritional value. A fast method for phenotyping the released mucilage and the seed morphometric parameters will be useful for fundamental, food, pharmaceutical and breeding researches. Current strategies to phenotype soluble mucilage are restricted to visual evaluations or are highly time-consuming. RESULTS Here, we developed a high-throughput phenotyping method for the simultaneous measurement of the soluble mucilage content released on a gel and the seed morphometric parameters. Within this context, we combined a biochemical assay and an open-source computer-aided image analysis tool, MuSeeQ. The biochemical assay consists in sowing seeds on an agarose medium containing the dye toluidine blue O, which specifically stains the mucilage once it is released on the gel. The second part of MuSeeQ is a macro developed in ImageJ allowing to quickly extract and analyse 11 morphometric data of seeds and their respective released mucilages. As an example, MuSeeQ was applied on a flax recombinant inbred lines population (previously screened for fatty acids content.) and revealed significant correlations between the soluble mucilage shape and the concentration of some fatty acids, e.g. C16:0 and C18:2. Other fatty acids were also found to correlate with the seed shape parameters, e.g. C18:0 and C18:2. MuSeeQ was then showed to be used for the analysis of other myxospermous species, including Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa. CONCLUSIONS MuSeeQ is a low-cost and user-friendly method which may be used by breeders and researchers for phenotyping simultaneously seeds of specific cultivars, natural variants or mutants and their respective soluble mucilage area released on a gel. The script of MuSeeQ and video tutorials are freely available at http://MuSeeQ.free.fr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Miart
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
- Present Address: Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, INRA/AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, INRA Centre de Versailles, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Xavier Fontaine
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Christophe Pineau
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Hervé Demailly
- Centre de ressources régionales en biologie moléculaire, Bâtiment Serrres-Transfert, rue Dallery, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Sorbonne Universités, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Van Wuytswinkel
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Karine Pageau
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - François Mesnard
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA-3900, UPJV, UFR des Sciences, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
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Yang H, Wang W, He Q, Xiang S, Tian D, Zhao T, Gai J. Chromosome segment detection for seed size and shape traits using an improved population of wild soybean chromosome segment substitution lines. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2017; 23:877-889. [PMID: 29158636 PMCID: PMC5671450 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Size and shape of soybean seeds are closely related to seed yield and market value. Annual wild soybeans have the potential to improve cultivated soybeans, but their inferior seed characteristics should be excluded. To detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs)/segments of seed size and shape traits in annual wild soybean, its chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from NN1138-2 (recurrent parent, Glycine max) and N24852 (donor parent, Glycine soja) and then modified 2 iterations (coded SojaCSSLP3) were improved further to contain more lines (diagonal segments) and less heterozygous and missing portions. The new population (SojaCSSLP4) composed of 195 CSSLs was evaluated under four environments, and 11, 13, 7, 15 and 14 QTLs/segments were detected for seed length (SL), seed width (SW), seed roundness (SR), seed perimeter (SP) and seed cross section area (SA), respectively, with all 60 wild allele effects negative. Among them, 16 QTLs/segments were shared by 2-5 traits, respectively, but 0-3 segments for each of the 5 traits were independent. The non-shared Satt274 and shared Satt305, Satt540 and Satt239 were major segments, along with other segments composed of two different but related sets of genetic systems for SR and the other 4 traits, respectively. Compared with the literature, 7 SL, 5 SW and 2 SR QTLs/segments were also detected in cultivated soybeans; allele distinction took place between cultivated and wild soybeans, and also among cultivated parents. The present mapping is understood as macro-segment mapping, the segments may be further dissected into smaller segments as well as corresponding QTLs/genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Yang
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
| | - Wubin Wang
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
| | - Qingyuan He
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
| | - Shihua Xiang
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
| | - Dong Tian
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
| | - Junyi Gai
- Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
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