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Simultaneous Determination of Nine Quinolones in Pure Milk Using PFSPE-HPLC-MS/MS with PS-PAN Nanofibers as a Sorbent. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131843. [PMID: 35804659 PMCID: PMC9265461 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a packed-fiber solid-phase extraction (PFSPE)-based method was developed to simultaneously detect nine quinolones, including enrofloxacin (ENR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), ofloxacin (OFL), pefloxacin (PEF), lomefloxacin (LOM), norfloxacin (NOR), sarafloxacin (SAR), danofloxacin (DAN), and difloxacin (DIF), in pure milk, using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Polystyrene (PS) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were combined to form PS-PAN composite nanofibers through electrospinning. The nanofibers were used to prepare the home-made extraction columns, and the process was optimized and validated using blank pure milk. The analytical method showed high accuracy, and the recoveries were 88.68–97.63%. Intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations were in the ranges of 1.11–6.77% and 2.26–7.17%, respectively. In addition, the developed method showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.995) and low method quantification limits for the nine quinolones (between 1.0–100 ng/mL) for all samples studied. The nine quinolones in the complex matrix were directly extracted using 4.0 mg of PS-PAN composite nanofibers as a sorbent and completely eluted in 100 μL elution solvent. Therefore, the developed PFSPE-HPLC-MS/MS is a sensitive and cost-effective technique that can effectively detect and control nine quinolones in dairy products.
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2
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Calahorrano-Moreno MB, Ordoñez-Bailon JJ, Baquerizo-Crespo RJ, Dueñas-Rivadeneira AA, B. S. M. Montenegro MC, Rodríguez-Díaz JM. Contaminants in the cow's milk we consume? Pasteurization and other technologies in the elimination of contaminants. F1000Res 2022; 11:91. [PMID: 35186276 PMCID: PMC8822143 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.108779.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk is currently the most consumed product worldwide. However, due to various direct and indirect contamination sources, different chemical and microbiological contaminants have been found in cow's milk. This review details the main contaminants found in cow's milk, referring to the sources of contamination and their impact on human health. A comparative approach highlights the poor efficacy and effects of the pasteurization process with other methods used in the treatment of cow's milk. Despite pasteurization and related techniques being the most widely applied to date, they have not demonstrated efficacy in eliminating contaminants. New technologies have appeared as alternative treatments to pasteurization. However, in addition to causing physicochemical changes in the raw material, their efficacy is not total in eliminating chemical contaminants, suggesting the need for new research to find a solution that contributes to improving food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Belen Calahorrano-Moreno
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
| | - Jonathan Jerry Ordoñez-Bailon
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
| | - Ricardo José Baquerizo-Crespo
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
| | - Alex Alberto Dueñas-Rivadeneira
- Departamento de Procesos Agroindustriales, Facultad de Ciencias Zootécnicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
| | | | - Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
- Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
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3
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Ma W, Row KH. Hydrophilic deep eutectic solvents modified phenolic resin as tailored adsorbent for the extraction and determination of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin from milk. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4329-4339. [PMID: 34041574 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A reliable and efficient method for the simultaneous extraction and determination of antibiotics of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin from milk was developed with solid phase extraction based on tailored adsorbent materials of deep eutectic solvents modified phenolic resin (DES-R-SPE). Six types of polyhydric alcohol-based hydrophilic DESs were prepared to modify the phenolic resin with the compositions of 3-aminophenol as a functional monomer, glyoxylic acid as a crosslinker, and polyethylene glycol 6000 as a porogen. And the prepared DES-Rs showed better extraction capacities for the target analytes than the unmodified phenolic resin because of more hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions supplied by DESs. The choline chloride-glycerol-based resin (DES1-R) with the highest adsorption amounts was selected and the adsorption behavior of it was studied with static adsorption and the dynamic adsorption performance; the adsorption process followed Freundlich isotherm (R2 ≥ 0.9337) and pseudo-second-order (R2 ≥ 0.9951). The present DES1-R-SPE method showed good linear range from 0.5 to100 μg mL-1 (R2 ≥ 0.9998), good recoveries of spiked milk samples (LEV, 96.7%; CIP, 101.5%), and satisfied repeatability for intra-day and inter-day (LEV, RSD≤5.4%; CIP, RSD≤4.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-701, South Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Row
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-701, South Korea.
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A hybrid nano-MOF/polymer material for trace analysis of fluoroquinolones in complex matrices at microscale by on-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2021; 233:122529. [PMID: 34215032 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid material (nano-metal organic framework@organic polymer, named as nano-MOF@polymer) was applied for the first time as sorbent for on-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection (SPE-CE-UV). The resulting material was prepared building layer-by-layer a HKUST-1 (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-1) nano-MOF onto the polymer surface, which allowed controlling the thickness and maximizing the active surface area. The sorbent was widely characterized at micro- and nano-scale to validate the synthesis and to establish the material properties. Then, fritless microcartridges (2 mm) were assembled by packing only a few micrograms of sorbent particles and investigated for preconcentration of fluoroquinolones (FQs) in several real samples (river water, human urine and whole cow milk). Under the optimized conditions, the sample (ca. 60 μL) was loaded in separation background electrolyte (BGE, 50 mM phosphate (pH 7)), and retained analytes were eluted using a small volume of 2% v/v formic acid in methanol (ca. 50 nL). The SPE-CE-UV method was validated in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), repeatability, reproducibility and reusability. The developed method showed a LOD decreasing until 1 ng L-1 when larger volumes of sample were loaded (ca. 180 μL), which was 500,000 times lower than by CE-UV. This undescribed sensitivity enhancement would arise from the homogenous and populated MOF nano-domains and the appropriate permeability of the hybrid material, which would promote high extraction efficiency and loading capacity. Furthermore, the sorbent showed appropriate selectivity regardless the analyzed complex environmental, biological or food matrix samples, achieving excellent detectability and recoveries (>90%).
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5
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Abstract
The development of suspect or non-target screening methods to detect xenobiotics in biological fluids is essential to properly understand the exposome and assess its adverse health effects on humans. In order to fulfil that aim, the biomonitorization of human fluids is compulsory. However, these methods are not yet extensively developed, especially for polar organic xenobiotics in biofluids such as milk, as most works are only focused on certain analytes of interest. In this work, a multi-target analysis method to determine 245 diverse xenobiotics in milk by means of Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)-qOrbitrap was developed. Under optimal conditions, liquid milk samples were extracted with acetonitrile in the presence of anhydrous Na2SO4 and NaCl, and the extracts were cleaned-up by protein precipitation at low temperature and Captiva Non-Drip (ND)—Lipids filters. The optimized method was validated at two concentration-levels (10 ng/g and 40 ng/g) obtaining satisfactory figures of merit for more than 200 compounds. The validated multi-target method was applied to several milk samples, including commercial and breast milk, provided by 4 healthy volunteers. Moreover, the method was extended to perform suspect analysis of more than 17,000 xenobiotics. All in all, several diverse xenobiotics were detected, highlighting food additives (benzothiazole) or phytoestrogens (genistein and genistin) in commercial milk samples, and stimulants (caffeine), plasticizers (phthalates), UV filters (benzophenone), or pharmaceuticals (orlistat) in breast milk samples.
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6
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Yu H, Wang Z, Wu R, Chen X, Chan TWD. Water-dispersible pH/thermo dual-responsive microporous polymeric microspheres as adsorbent for dispersive solid-phase extraction of fluoroquinolones from environmental water samples and food samples. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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Sachi S, Ferdous J, Sikder MH, Azizul Karim Hussani SM. Antibiotic residues in milk: Past, present, and future. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:315-332. [PMID: 31583228 PMCID: PMC6760505 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Now-a-days, various types of antibiotics are being used worldwide in veterinary sector indiscriminately for promotion of growth and treatment of the livestock. Significant portions of antibiotics are released through milk of dairy animals unaltered and exert serious harmful effects on human health. This review evaluates and compare researches on antibiotic residues in milk in published literatures from Pubmed, CrossRef, CAB direct, DOAJ, JournalTOCs, AGRICOLA, ScientificGate, Electronic Journals Library, CAB abstracts, Global Health Databases, Global Impact Factor, Google Scholar, Park Directory of Open Access Journals, BanglaJOL and ISC E-Journals. Antibiotics residue in milk was first detected in 60s and then with an increasing trend with highest after 2,000 (188). The highest no. of works, 49 (21.87%) were accomplished in China, followed by Spain, 30 (13.39%); Germany, 11 (4.91%); and USA, 10 (4.46%). Continent-wise highest researches are published from Europe, 105 (46.88%), followed by Asia, 77 (34.38%); South America, 18 (8.04%); North America, 16 (7.14%); and Africa, 8 (3.57%). For detection, Bovine milk sample is mostly used, 193 (86.16%), followed by ovine, 19 (8.48%); and caprine, 14 (6.25%). Acetonitrile was used in maximum cases (77) for processing the samples. Chromatographic technique was the highest, 115 (51.34%) for detection. Residue of β-lactam group have been detected mostly 133 (36.54%), followed by tetracyclines, 51 (14.01%); fluoroquinolones, 49 (13.46%); sulfonamides, 46 (12.64%); and aminoglycosides, 38 (10.44%). This review observe that antibiotics residues are more common in milk samples that are being manifested in increasing researches on antibiotic detection and measures should adopt to cease this residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbya Sachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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8
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Yu H, Jia Y, Wu R, Chen X, Chan TWD. Determination of fluoroquinolones in food samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction based on a magnetic molecular sieve nanocomposite prior to high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2817-2826. [PMID: 30941481 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a magnetic molecular sieve material (Fe3O4@MCM-48) was synthesized by a combination of solvothermal and self-assembly methods. The physicochemical properties of the magnetic molecular sieve material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, magnetic hysteresis loop measurements, transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The as-synthesized nanocomposite showed various advantages, including easy magnetic-assisted separation, high specific surface area, and a highly interwoven and branched mesoporous structure. The Fe3O4@MCM-48 nanocomposite was then used as an effective adsorbent material for magnetic solid-phase extraction of fluoroquinolones (FQs) from water samples. The FQs in the extract were determined via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Adsorption and desorption factors that affected the extraction performance were systematically optimized using spiked purified water samples. Good linearity (with R2 > 0.99) was shown by this FQ detection system for FQ concentrations from 5 to 1000 ng L-1. Moreover, low detection limits (0.7-6.0 ng L-1) and quantitation limits (2.5-20.0 ng L-1) and satisfactory repeatability (relative standard deviation < 10%, n = 6) were achieved for water samples. The developed method was also validated for the analysis of FQs in meat and milk samples. Finally, FQs in food and drinking water samples were successfully determined using the developed method. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments, Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqian Jia
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments, Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Ri Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, HKSAR, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments, Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China. .,Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, HKSAR, China.
| | - T-W Dominic Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, HKSAR, China.
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9
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Solid-phase microextraction of antibiotics from fish muscle by using MIL-101(Cr)NH2-polyacrylonitrile fiber and their identification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1047:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Magnetic solid-phase extraction of fluoroquinolones from water samples using titanium-based metal-organic framework functionalized magnetic microspheres. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1579:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Xu J, Qu Q, Lu T, Du B, Ke M, Zhang M, Qian H. Changes in bacterial community structure and antibiotic resistance genes in soil in the vicinity of a pharmaceutical factory. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 158:87-93. [PMID: 29660617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
China is the largest global producer of antibiotics. With the demand for antibiotics increasing every year, it is necessary to assess potential environmental risks and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) associated with antibiotic production. Here, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of ARGs in soil in the vicinity of a pharmaceutical factory. The results showed that antibiotic concentrations were under the detection limit; however, ARGs were present in soil and tended to be enriched near the factory. A significant correlation between the relative abundance of intI-1 and tetracycline ARGs implied that horizontal gene transfer might play an important role in the spread of ARGs. The occurrence of these ARGs could be the results of previous antibiotic contamination. However, the soil bacterial community structure seemed to be more affected by nutrients or other factors than by antibiotics. Overall, this study supports the viewpoint that long-term pharmaceutical activity might have a negative effect on environmental health, thus, underscoring the need to regulate antibiotic production and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Zhu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR of China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR of China
| | - Qian Qu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR of China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR of China
| | - Benben Du
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR of China
| | - Mingjing Ke
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR of China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR of China.
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12
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Mohsenzadeh MS, Mohammadinejad A, Mohajeri SA. Simple and selective analysis of different antibiotics in milk using molecularly imprinted polymers: a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:1959-1974. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1508889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Sadat Mohsenzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, I.R. of Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Xu J, Li X, Li C, Chen J, Xiao Y. Hexafluoroisopropanol-induced salt-free catanionic surfactant coacervate extraction method for determination of fluoroquinolones in milk samples. Food Chem 2018; 242:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Tang Y, Xu J, Chen L, Qiu J, Liu Y, Ouyang G. Rapid in vivo determination of fluoroquinolones in cultured puffer fish (Takifugu obscurus) muscle by solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2017; 175:550-556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Barreto F, Ribeiro CB, Hoff RB, Costa TD. Development and validation of a high-throughput method for determination of nine fluoroquinolones residues in muscle of different animal species by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with low temperature clean up. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1521:131-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Su L, Jin Y, Huang Y, Zhao R. Surface-imprinted magnetic nanoparticles for the selective enrichment and fast separation of fluoroquinolones in human serum. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2269-2277. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Yulong Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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17
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Wang YF, Wang YG, Ouyang XK, Yang LY. Surface-Imprinted Magnetic Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals for the Highly Selective Extraction of Six Fluoroquinolones from Egg Samples. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1759-1769. [PMID: 28005332 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We herein describe a novel adsorbent based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) on the surface of magnetic carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (Fe3O4@CCNs@MIPs) for the separation and purification of six fluoroquinolones (FQs) from egg samples. The obtained Fe3O4@CCNs@MIPs not only exhibited a large surface area and specific recognition toward FQs, but also were easily gathered and separated from the egg samples using an external magnetic field. The morphologies and surface groups of the Fe3O4@CCNs@MIPs were assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis. The Fe3O4@CCNs@MIPs exhibited high selectivity toward six structurally similar FQs. An enrichment approach was established for the measurement of six FQs from egg samples using Fe3O4@CCNs@MIPs coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography. The recovery of spiked FQs ranged from 75.2-104.9% and limit of detection was in the range of 3.6-18.4 ng g-1 for the six FQs. Therefore, the proposed method is a promising technique for the enrichment, separation, and determination of FQs from biomatrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Wang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University , Zhoushan 316022, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Guang Wang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University , Zhoushan 316022, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Kun Ouyang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University , Zhoushan 316022, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ye Yang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University , Zhoushan 316022, P.R. China
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18
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Multiresidue analysis of sulfonamides, quinolones, and tetracyclines in animal tissues by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2016; 204:252-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Metabolic profile modifications in milk after enrofloxacin administration studied by liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1460:92-9. [PMID: 27425761 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HRMS) operating in full scan MS mode was used in the search and identification of metabolites in raw milk from cows medicated with enrofloxacin. Data consisting of m/z features were taken throughout the entire chromatogram of milk samples from medicated animals and were compared with blank samples. Twenty six different compounds were identified. Some of them were attributed to structures related to enrofloxacin while others were dipeptides or tripeptides. Additionally, enrofloxacin was administered in a controlled treatment for three days. Milk was collected daily from the first day of treatment and until four days after in the search for the identified compounds. The obtained data were chemometrically treated by Principal Component Analysis. Samples were classified by this method into three different groups corresponding to days 1-2, day 3 and days 4-7 considering the different concentration profile evolution of metabolites during the days studied. Tentative metabolic pathways were designed to rationalize the presence of the newly identified compounds.
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Montesano C, Curini R, Sergi M, Compagnone D, Celani G, Varasano V, Petrizzi L, Amorena M. Determination of marbofloxacin in plasma and synovial fluid by ultrafiltration followed by HPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 123:31-6. [PMID: 26859613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A rapid LC-MS/MS method for the determination of marbofloxacin in plasma and synovial fluid is presented in this study. The method uses a rapid sample preparation which only requires an ultrafiltration step with centrifugal filter devices. The optimized procedure allows a minimal need of sample (175 μL), particularly useful for synovial fluid samples which amount is rather limited; it is simple, rapid and easily applicable providing anyhow a satisfactory clean up, demonstrated by post-infusion experiments. On the other hand to maximize the speed of the analysis an ultrafast chromatographic separation has been obtained by selecting a column of 20 mm; the reduced run-time is suitable for processing numerous samples on a daily basis. Linearity was assessed in the range 5-2500 ng mL(-1); ofloxacin was used as internal standard. LOD and LOQ were respectively 1 and 5 ng/mL. The method was successfully applied to a set of samples generated during an experimental veterinary study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Montesano
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Chemistry, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Curini
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Chemistry, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Sergi
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, 64023 Mosciano Sant'Angelo, TE, Italy.
| | - Dario Compagnone
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, 64023 Mosciano Sant'Angelo, TE, Italy
| | - Gianluca Celani
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Varasano
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Lucio Petrizzi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Michele Amorena
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, 64023 Mosciano Sant'Angelo, TE, Italy
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21
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Franco MS, Padovan RN, Fumes BH, Lanças FM. An overview of multidimensional liquid phase separations in food analysis. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1768-83. [PMID: 27030380 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Food safety is a priority public health concern that demands analytical methods capable to detect low concentration level of contaminants (e.g. pesticides and antibiotics) in different food matrices. Due to the high complexity of these matrices, a sample preparation step is in most cases mandatory to achieve satisfactory results being usually tedious, lengthy, and prone to the introduction of errors. For this reason, many research groups have focused efforts on the development of online systems capable to do the cleanup, concentration, and separation steps at once through multidimensional separation techniques (MDS). Among several possible setups, the most popular are the multidimensional chromatographic techniques (MDC) that consist in combining more than one mobile and/or stationary phase to provide a satisfactory separation. In the present review, we selected a variety of multidimensional separation systems used for food contaminant analysis in order to discuss the instrumentation aspects, the concept of orthogonality, column approaches used in these systems, and new materials that can be used in these columns. Selected classes of contaminants present in food matrices are introduced and discussed as example of the potential applications of multidimensional liquid phase separation techniques in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maraíssa Silva Franco
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Bruno Henrique Fumes
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brasil
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22
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Barreiro JC, Luiz AL, Maciel SCF, Maciel EVS, Lanças FM. Recent approaches for on-line analysis of residues and contaminants in food matrices: A review. J Sep Sci 2016; 38:1721-32. [PMID: 25773972 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent developments for on-line determination of residues and contaminants in complex matrices such as food samples. This involves the on-line coupling of a sample preparation technique (as the first "dimension") with a chromatographic system (second "dimension"), usually followed by mass spectrometry. Although frequently treated as quite distinct techniques, the role of all devices utilized as the first dimension in this approach aims to decrease the sample complexity while eliminating as much as possible the matrix contaminants to facilitate the qualitative and quantitative determination of the compounds of interest. This review will focus on the following techniques as the first dimension: (i) on-line solid-phase extraction; (ii) in-tube solid-phase microextraction; (iii) matrix solid-phase dispersion; and (iv) turbulent flow chromatography. The second dimension is usually performed using a chromatographic column to isolate the analyte(s) of interest for further mass spectrometry determination. A description of the basis of this on-line approach and its distinct set up possibilities is presented, which is followed by a critical review of the literature covering this subject in the last ten years (focusing on the last five years) with emphasis on the analysis of residue and contaminants in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anderson Luigi Luiz
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Zhu WX, Yang JZ, Wang ZX, Wang CJ, Liu YF, Zhang L. Rapid determination of 88 veterinary drug residues in milk using automated TurborFlow online clean-up mode coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2016; 148:401-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Graphene oxide/polyethyleneglycol composite coated stir bar for sorptive extraction of fluoroquinolones from chicken muscle and liver. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1418:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Manbohi A, Ahmadi SH. In-tube magnetic solid phase microextraction of some fluoroquinolones based on the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles packed tube. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 885:114-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Residues investigation of fluoroquinolones and sulphonamides and their metabolites in bovine milk by quantification and confirmation using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2015; 174:597-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Stoilova N, Surleva A, Stoev G. Determination of quinolonones in food of animal origin by liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.26.2014.4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Cazedey ECL, Salgado HRN. Development and validation of UV spectrophotometric method for orbifloxacin assay and dissolution studies. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502014000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New, simple and cost effective UV-spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of orbifloxacin in pharmaceutical formulation. Orbifloxacin was estimated at 290 nm in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid. Linearity range was found to be 1.0-6.0 μg mL-1. The method was tested and validated for various parameters according to main guidelines. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of orbifloxacin in tablets. The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, precise and reproducible, while being simple, economical and less time consuming. It can be suitably applied for the estimation of orbifloxacin in routine quality control and dissolution studies.
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He Y, Huang Y, Jin Y, Liu X, Liu G, Zhao R. Well-defined nanostructured surface-imprinted polymers for highly selective magnetic separation of fluoroquinolones in human urine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:9634-9642. [PMID: 24853973 DOI: 10.1021/am5020666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The construction of molecularly imprinted polymers on magnetic nanoparticles gives access to smart materials with dual functions of target recognition and magnetic separation. In this study, the superparamagnetic surface-molecularly imprinted nanoparticles were prepared via surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using ofloxacin (OFX) as template for the separation of fluoroquinolones (FQs). Benefiting from the living/controlled nature of RAFT reaction, distinct core-shell structure was successfully constructed. The highly uniform nanoscale MIP layer was homogeneously grafted on the surface of RAFT agent TTCA modified Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles, which favors the fast mass transfer and rapid binding kinetics. The target binding assays demonstrate the desirable adsorption capacity and imprinting efficiency of Fe3O4@MIP. High selectivity of Fe3O4@MIP toward FQs (ofloxacin, pefloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, and gatifloxacin) was exhibited by competitive binding assay. The Fe3O4@MIP nanoparticles were successfully applied for the direct enrichment of five FQs from human urine. The spiked human urine samples were determined and the recoveries ranging from 83.1 to 103.1% were obtained with RSD of 0.8-8.2% (n = 3). This work provides a versatile approach for the fabrication of well-defined MIP on nanomaterials for the analysis of complicated biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghuan He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
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Lara FJ, del Olmo-Iruela M, García-Campaña AM. On-line anion exchange solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection to determine quinolones in water and human urine. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1310:91-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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31
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Simultaneous determination of thirteen quinolones in livestock and fishery products using ultra performance LC with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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32
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Karageorgou E, Myridakis A, Stephanou EG, Samanidou V. Multiresidue LC-MS/MS analysis of cephalosporins and quinolones in milk following ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersive extraction combined with the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe methodology. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2020-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eftichia Karageorgou
- Department of Chemistry; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Department of Chemistry; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL); University of Crete; Heraklion Greece
| | - Euripides G. Stephanou
- Department of Chemistry; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL); University of Crete; Heraklion Greece
| | - Victoria Samanidou
- Department of Chemistry; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
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33
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Saleh GA, Askal HF, Refaat IH, Abdel-aal FAM. REVIEW ON RECENT SEPARATION METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF SOME FLUOROQUINOLONES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.691440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A. Saleh
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Hassan F. Askal
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H. Refaat
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Fatma A. M. Abdel-aal
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
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34
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Shen Q, Dong W, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Gong L, Dai Z, Zhang H, Cheung HY. Automated online solid-phase extraction of albendazole and its metabolites in Chinese mitten crabs followed by stable isotope dilution UPLC–MS/MS analysis. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-1952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Guo F, Liu Q, Qu GB, Song SJ, Sun JT, Shi JB, Jiang GB. Simultaneous determination of five estrogens and four androgens in water samples by online solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1281:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Kaur K, Saini SS, Malik AK, Singh B. Micelle enhanced and terbium sensitized spectrofluorimetric determination of danofloxacin in milk using molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 96:790-795. [PMID: 22925903 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An efficient molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE)-spectrofluorimetric method was developed to sensitively determine danofloxacin (DAN) in milk samples. Solid phase extraction procedure using MISPE cartridges was first performed on milk samples and then spectrofluorimetric determination was done at 546 nm using an excitation wavelength of 285 nm in presence of terbium and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). It was found that SDBS significantly enhanced the fluorescence intensity of the DAN-Tb(3+) complex. Various factors affecting the fluorescence intensity of DAN-Tb(3+)-SDBS system were studied and conditions were optimized. The enhanced fluorescence intensity of the system (ΔF) showed a good linear relationship with the concentration of DAN over the range of 8.4×10(-9)-3.4×10(-7) mol L(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996. The detection limit was determined as 2.0×10(-9) mol L(-1) and the limit of quantification was determined as 6.5×10(-9) mol L(-1). The MISPE-spectrofluorimetric procedure was successfully applied to the determination of DAN in milk samples. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive and allows interference free determination of DAN in complex fluorescent matrices like milk. The method can be used to determine whether the DAN residues in milk exceed MRLs or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, Punjab, India
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37
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Stoilova NA, Surleva AR, Stoev G. Simultaneous Determination of Nine Quinolones in Food by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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