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Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Xie H, Han D, Yan H. Recent advancements in the extraction and analysis of phthalate acid esters in food samples. Food Chem 2024; 463:141262. [PMID: 39298858 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants present in food samples, necessitating accurate detection for risk assessment and remediation efforts. This review provides an updated overview of the recent progress on the PAEs analysis regarding sample pretreatment techniques and analytical methodologies over the latest decade. Advances in sample preparation include solid-based extraction techniques replacing conventional liquid-liquid extraction, with solid sorbents emerging as promising alternatives due to their minimal solvent consumption and enhanced selectivity. Although techniques like the microextraction methods offer versatility and reduced solvent reliance, there is a need for more efficient and environmentally friendly techniques enabling on-site portable detection. High-resolution mass spectrometry is increasingly utilized for its enhanced sensitivity and reduced contamination risks. However, challenges persist in developing in situ analytical techniques for trace PAEs in complex food samples. Future research should prioritize novel analytical techniques with superior sensitivity and selectivity, addressing current limitations to meet the demand for precise PAEs detection in diverse food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yangqing Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Shuaihua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
| | - Hongyu Xie
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Dandan Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Gebrehiwot DG, Castro R, Hidalgo-Gárate JC, Robles AD, Durán-Guerrero E. Method development of stir bar sportive extraction coupled with thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of phthalates in Peruvian pisco. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1711:464470. [PMID: 37890374 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, a stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) coupled with thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) was developed and validated for the determination of seven phthalates in Peruvian pisco. The phthalate compounds considered were dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) hexahydrophthalate (BEHP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP) and di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP). The best overall analytical conditions obtained from the optimization were as follow: extraction time of 120 min, size of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) twister (20 mm length x 1 mm thickness), NaCl content (20 %) and sample volume (40 mL). The in-house validation of SBSE/TD-GC-MS method was performed taking into account the ISO/IEC 17,025 requirements and EURACHEM/CITAC guideline. Under optimal conditions, very low limits of detection of 1.3-0.21 µg L-1 were obtained. Furthermore, the limits of quantification ranged from 4.2-70 µg L-1, and the correlation coefficients were found to be ≥ 0.991. The method was precise, with relative standard deviations (RSD, %) for inter twister repeatability and the inter day repeatability precisions from 1.1 to 11 and from 6.2 to 15.9, respectively. The pisco samples were analysed with recoveries between 91-124.4%, and DBP, BEHP, and BBP were the most commonly found compounds in the samples. The optimized methodology was also evaluated in terms of green character, and it obtained almost the best AGREE score when it was compared with other previous methods for the analysis of phthalates in alcoholic beverages. Therefore, the SBSE/TD-GC-MS method has proved to be suitable for routine practice because it is simple, less laborious, economical, precise, accurate and green, and it would be applicable for pisco safety regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desta Gebremedhin Gebrehiwot
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), Polígono Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real 11510, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Remedios Castro
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), Polígono Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real 11510, Cadiz, Spain
| | | | - Alicia Daniela Robles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Funes 3350, CP 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Enrique Durán-Guerrero
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), Polígono Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real 11510, Cadiz, Spain.
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Bhogal S, Grover A, Mohiuddin I. A Review of the Analysis of Phthalates by Gas Chromatography in Aqueous and Food Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37647342 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2250876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
As a commonly well-known industrial chemical, phthalates are produced in high volumes to be used in various consumer products (e.g., plasticizers, medical devices, construction materials, and toys) to enhance softness, durability, transparency, and flexibility. Phthalates are generally not chemically bonded to the polymer chain of the plastic in which they are mixed. Thus, they may leach, migrate, or evaporate into indoor/outdoor air, and foodstuffs. In this review, a comprehensive overview of several sample preparation methods coupled with gas chromatography for the analysis of phthalates in various kinds of complex matrices, with a focus on the last 20 years' worth of papers. The review begins by highlighting the environmental significance of phthalate pollution along with the various routes to their exposure to general population. Then, the discussion is extended to cover the pretreatment and extraction techniques for phthalates for their quantitation based on gas chromatographic approach. Finally, the present and future challenges for the detection of phthalates in aqueous and food matrices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Bhogal
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Aman Grover
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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Lima TCH, Machado EL, de Cassia de Souza Schneider R. Scientometric analysis of the development of plastic packaging considering the circular economy and clean technologies: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:1188-1202. [PMID: 36922703 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x231160081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are alternatives to enable the distribution of industrialized products, especially food. Packaging is versatile and of great importance for the conservation of products. However, plastic packaging impacts the environment and calls for a clean technology and circular economy approach to mitigate the damage. A scientometric analysis of the relationship between plastic packaging production and the circular economy was reviewed based on the premise that research is intrinsically linked to clean technologies. VosViewer software was used to conduct the analysis, and the revision was conducted for discussion and relationship building. We concluded that there is a gap regarding the connection between the circular economy and clean technologies with plastic packaging. The development of technologies that adapt plastic packaging to the circular economy is rarely discussed. To make plastic packaging more environmentally attractive, technologies based on eco-design are necessary to achieve an alternative scenario associated with a more sustainable circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulio Cícero Haas Lima
- Industrial System and Process Postgraduation Program, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Enio Leandro Machado
- Industrial System and Process Postgraduation Program, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
- Environmental Technology Postgraduation Program, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rosana de Cassia de Souza Schneider
- Industrial System and Process Postgraduation Program, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
- Environmental Technology Postgraduation Program, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
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Al Rashed N, Gerlach C, Guenther K. Determination of Nonylphenol in Selected Foods and Identification of Single Isomers in a Coffee Sample by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2023.2180018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Luo C, Deng J, Chen L, Wang Q, Xu Y, Lyu P, Zhou L, Shi Y, Mao W, Yang X, Xiong G, Liu Z, Hao L. Phthalate acid esters and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations with their determining factors among Chinese pregnant women: A focus on dietary patterns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158344. [PMID: 36058337 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women are susceptible to adverse health effects associated with phthalate acid esters (PAEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and diet is a significant exposure source. Little is known about the contributions of dietary patterns during pregnancy to the exposure variability of these environmental contaminants. OBJECTIVES To identify dietary patterns in relation to PAEs and PAHs exposure in the Chinese pregnant population. METHODS Dietary data and urinary concentrations of environmental pollutants were obtained from 1190 pregnant women in the Tongji Birth Cohort (TJBC). PAEs and PAHs were measured in spot urine samples. Food intake was assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were constructed by principal component analysis (PCA). Through PCA, we also extracted three chemical mixture scores that represent different co-exposure patterns of PAEs and PAHs. Multiple linear regression models were adopted to identify predictors of PAEs and PAHs exposure. RESULTS Four dietary patterns were identified by PCA that explained 44.9 % of the total variance of food intake. We found egg-dairy products pattern, whole grain-tuber crop pattern, and meat-aquatic products pattern were positively associated with specific pollutants exposure. In contrast, fruit-nut-vegetable pattern was negatively correlated with PAEs and PAHs exposure. Every SD increase in this pattern score was associated with 14.36 % reduced mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) (95 % CI: -24.50 ~ -2.96, p-trend = 0.01), 10.86 % reduced 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHNap) (95 % CI: -20.07 ~ -0.60, p-trend = 0.04), 19.35 % reduced 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (9-OHPhe) (95 % CI: -34.49 ~ -0.70, p-trend = 0.01), and 8.33 % reduced scores of PAHs group (95 % CI: -15.97 ~ -0.10, p-trend = 0.02). In addition, disposable tableware usage and passive smoking were suggested as potentially modifiable sources of PAEs and PAHs exposure, respectively. CONCLUSION Adhering to egg-dairy products pattern, whole grain-tuber crop pattern, and meat-aquatic products pattern may be related to increased PAEs and PAHs exposure, while following fruit-nut-vegetable pattern seems to correlate with a lower burden of such exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jin Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ping Lyu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Leilei Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weifeng Mao
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 37, Guangqu Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guoping Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 37, Guangqu Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022, PR China.
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Zhang L, Ruan Z, Jing J, Yang Y, Li Z, Zhang S, Yang J, Ai S, Luo N, Peng Y, Fang P, Lin H, Zou Y. High-Temperature Soup Foods in Plastic Packaging Are Associated with Phthalate Body Burden and Expression of Inflammatory mRNAs: A Dietary Intervention Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8416-8427. [PMID: 35584204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic packaging material is widely used to package high-temperature soup food in China, but this combination might lead to increased exposure to phthalates. The health effects and potential biological mechanisms have not been well studied. This study aimed to examine urinary phthalate metabolites and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the blood before, during, and after a "plastic-packaged high-temperature soup food" dietary intervention in healthy adults. The results showed that compared with those in the preintervention period, urinary creatinine-adjusted levels of monomethyl phthalate (MMP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MIBP), and total phthalate metabolites in the intervention period were significantly higher, with increases of 71.6, 41.8, 38.8, and 29.8% for MMP, MBP, MIBP, and the total phthalate metabolites, respectively. After intervention, the mean levels of IL-1β, IL-4, and TNF-α mRNA increased by 19.0, 21.5, and 25.0%, respectively, while IL-6 and IFN-γ mRNA decreased by 24.2 and 32.9%, respectively, when compared with the preintervention period. We also observed that several phthalates were associated with the mRNA or protein expression of IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-10. Therefore, consumption of plastic-packaged high-temperature soup food was linked to increased phthalate exposure and might result in significant changes in mRNA expression of several inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li'e Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jiajun Jing
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Siqi Ai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Na Luo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Peiyu Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Iram F, Batool S, Shameem S, Aslam I, Batool S, Shaheen M, Aziz R. Effect of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract against di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced reproductive toxicity in male mice. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14480. [PMID: 35670728 DOI: 10.1111/and.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate testicular and male reproductive tract histopathologies and lipid profile against di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) exposure in mice and curative potentials of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract. Four groups (n = 10) were named and treated as follow (a) control (C): (normal feed and drinking water + 0.2 ml corn oil); (b) aqueous garlic extract group (AGE): (500 mg/kg body weight of aqueous garlic extract); (c) DEHP group: (500 mg/kg body weight of DEHP, dissolved in corn oil; (d) AGE + DEHP group (500 mg/kg body weight garlic aqueous extract, and DEHP 500 mg/kg body weight dissolved in corn oil). The doses were given once daily through gavages for 28 days and on the 29th day, all the animals were euthanized through cervical dislocation and reproductive organs and blood samples were collected. The results showed that exposure to DEHP caused a significant effect on body weight, testicular weight, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid profile, average cross-sectional area (ACSA) of the seminiferous tubule, ACSA of the lumen of seminiferous tubule, spermatogenic cells, Leydig's cells number, vas deferens diameter, lumen, muscular thickness, and epithelial cell height of vas deferens. This study revealed that exposure to DEHP can be injurious to male reproductive health and aqueous garlic extract can decrease the toxic effects of DEHP in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Iram
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Sajida Batool
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Sitara Shameem
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Aslam
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Saira Batool
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Marrium Shaheen
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Riqza Aziz
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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A CRITICAL REVIEW ON EXTRACTION AND ANALYTICAL METHODS OF PHTHALATES IN WATER AND BEVERAGES. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Wang Z, He M, Chen B, Hu B. Triazine covalent organic polymer coated stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of trace phthalate esters in mineral water and liquor samples. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1660:462665. [PMID: 34798443 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyanuric chloride and 4,4'-diamino-p-terphenyl were adopted as monomers to synthesize poly (4,4'-diamino-p-terphenyl-triazine) (PDT) covalent organic polymer. PDT coated stir bar was prepared and evaluated for the extraction of five phthalate esters (PAEs) with relatively lower logP values (2.7-4.9), including diethyl phthalate, diallyl phthalate, dipropyl phthalate, benzylbutyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate. It exhibited higher extraction recovery (> 65%) and faster extraction kinetics (50 min vs 240 min) for target PAEs over commercial polydimethylsiloxane coated stir bar. Based on the superior performance, PDT coated stir bar sorptive extraction was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection for trace analysis of five PAEs plasticizers. The limits of detection for target PAEs were 0.04-0.27 μg/L, with the enrichment factors of 54-80-fold. The potential of the method was demonstrated by detecting five target PAEs in Chinese liquor and mineral water samples. No target analytes were detected in Chinese liquor sample, and recoveries of 85.4-109% were obtained for target analytes in spiked liquor samples; trace diethyl phthalate (1.19-2.98 μg/L) and dibutyl phthalate (0.77-0.91 μg/L) were detected in two mineral water samples, with recoveries of 85.4-117% and 87.4-117% respectively in spiked mineral water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Man He
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Al Rashed N, Guenther K. Determination of Endocrine-Disrupting Nonylphenols and Nonylphenol Carboxylates by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Levels in German Food after Restriction. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1956515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Al Rashed
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Guenther
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
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12
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Valverde-Som L, Reguera C, Herrero A, Sarabia L, Ortiz M. Determination of polymer additive residues that migrate from coffee capsules by means of stir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and PARAFAC decomposition. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Chung SWC. The development of isomer-specific analysis of branched 4-nonylphenol in food for dietary exposure - a critical review of analytical methods and occurrence in foodstuffs. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:842-855. [PMID: 33784230 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1889044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
4-Nonylphenol (4-NP) is a para-substituted phenolic compound comprising a straight or branched carbon chain group while branched 4-NP consists of 211 possible structural isomers. NP is recognised as an environmental pollutant and exists ubiquitously in both the environment and in food. 4-NP, especially branched 4-NP, has been shown to have the potential role of endocrine disruptor and xeno-oestrogen. Moreover, different NP isomers also exhibit different oestrogen-like activities. Recently, it was reported that the isomer-specific profile of 4-NP in foodstuffs varies greatly between and within food groups. Hence, risk assessment based on total branched 4-NP cannot reflect dietary risk. This study reviews the analytical methods applicable to conduct an isomer-specific analysis of 4-NP and its occurrence in foodstuffs. Lastly, research gaps are identified for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W C Chung
- Independent Researcher Formerly with Food Research Laboratory, Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Phthalic acid esters and adipates in herbal-based soft drinks: an eco-friendly method. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2903-2912. [PMID: 33709193 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and adipates are plasticizers with high applicability in several products and building materials (e.g. cosmetics, packing) very persistent in the environment, features which render them ubiquitous pollutants. These substances can contaminate food through the environment (water, air, and soil) and/or migration from packaging materials, which creates a health concern due to their toxicity. This paper describes an eco-friendly dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure to extract five phthalates and bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) from bottled herbal-based beverages followed by GC-MS/MS quantification. The method showed low limits of detection (5.0-13 μg L-1) and quantification (20-35 μg L-1), good inter- and intraday precision (RSD < 19%), and recoveries ranging from 82 to 111%. It was applied to 16 real samples, of which 13 showed the presence of at least one of the analytes under study. Additionally, an exposure assessment was performed, and resulted in a hazard quotient less than 1 (HQ < 1) for all analytes. Therefore, PAEs and DEHA found in samples do not pose a health issue.
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15
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García-Fabila MM, Chávez AA, Meza JCS, Montes LPB, García AR. Phthalates in the diet of Mexican children of school age. Risk analysis. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1487-1494. [PMID: 33204649 PMCID: PMC7652773 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used as plasticizers, additives, or solvents. Its extensive use has generated environmental and food contamination, which implies continuous population exposure. The aim of this work was to determine the probability of health risk of Mexican children exposed to phthalates through the consumption of contaminated food. A survey was applied to 384 Mexican school-age children (between 6 and 12 years old), to find out the type of food they eat most frequently, based on this, a research was made to know the concentration of phthalates contained in these foods. The daily intake had been calculated with the concentration of phthalates reported in food, obtaining: DEHP (19.50 μg/kg body weight/day), DnBP (5.52 μg/kg body weight/day) y for DEP (1.12 μg/kg body weight/day). The hazard index (HI) for DEP y DEHP was 0.49 to 42.5 for internal organs damage reported. HI for reproductive health damage due to exposure to DnBT and DEHP was of 0.04 to 5.58, so that there is a high probability that children's health is at risk. Therefore, it is necessary to a quantitative analysis of phthalates in food consumed in Latin American countries and establish the TDI of phthalates especially, to DEHP, which was obtained the higher HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Magdalena García-Fabila
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón and Paseo Tollocan SN., Colonia Ocho Cedros, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50120, Mexico
| | - Araceli Amaya Chávez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón and Paseo Tollocan SN., Colonia Ocho Cedros, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50120, Mexico
- Corresponding author.
| | - Juan Carlos Sánchez Meza
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón and Paseo Tollocan SN., Colonia Ocho Cedros, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50120, Mexico
| | - Lilia Patricia Bustamante Montes
- Decanato de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Montevideo esquina Avenida Acueducto, Guadalajara, Jalisco, CP 44670, Mexico
| | - Alicia Reyes García
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón and Paseo Tollocan SN., Colonia Ocho Cedros, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50120, Mexico
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16
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Exploring the Use of Switchable Hydrophilicity Solvents as Extraction Phase for the Determination of Food-Packaging Contaminants in Coconut Water Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Yu J, Tuo F, Luo Y, Yang Y, Xu J. Toxic effects of perinatal maternal exposure to nonylphenol on lung inflammation in male offspring rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139238. [PMID: 32512292 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of asthma and its related allergic diseases has increased dramatically over the last decade. Asthma is a complex disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. Nonylphenol (NP), a typical endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), is a major current focus in asthma research. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8-10 per group) were given a consecutive daily dose of NP (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day) or an equivalent volume of vehicle by gavage from gestational day 7 until postnatal day (PND) 21. Exposure to 100 mg/kg NP increased the body mass of the offspring on PND 43. Perinatal exposure to NP in maternal rats led to a dose-dependent increase of NP level in the lung tissue of the offspring. The numbers of lymphocytes and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly higher in the 100 mg/kg NP group than those in the control. Histopathological examination of the lung showed that exposure to high dose NP resulted in a slightly thickened bronchiolar smooth muscles with inflammatory cell infiltration. In the cytoplasm of type II epithelial cells, osmiophilic lamellar bodies were observed, with emptied lamellar bodies. NP significantly increased the expressions of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) mRNA and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) mRNA in the lung tissue of the offspring in a dose dependent manner. Similarly, the expressions of HMGB1, NF-κBp65 and estrogen receptor-β (ER-β) proteins increased with an increase of NP dose. NP content was positively correlated with the expressions of HMGB1 and NF-κB mRNA as well as HMGB1, NF-κBp65, and ER-β proteins in the lung tissue of offspring. Perinatal exposure to NP from the maternal rats might induce airway inflammation in the offspring, which may be due to NP-induced infiltration of inflammatory cells into the airway, and pathological alterations in airway structure as well as abnormal expression patterns of inflammation-related genes, proteins (including HMGB1 and NF-κB) and estrogen receptor β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - FangXu Tuo
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Ya Luo
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, PR China.
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18
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Alnaimat AS, Barciela-Alonso MC, Bermejo-Barrera P. Development of a sensitive method for the analysis of four phthalates in tea samples: Tea bag contribution to the total amount in tea infusion. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1719-1729. [PMID: 32706309 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1786170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, precise and selective method for the analysis of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in tea samples has been applied. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Solid Phase Extraction (MIP-SPE) has been used for the separation and preconcentration of these compounds. Phthalates extracted by SPE were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). The method was sensitive (LOD < 2 µg L-1), precise (RSD <10%) and accurate with recovery percentages ranging from 84% to 97%. Finally, the developed method was applied for the analysis of these phthalates in several tea samples marketed in bags. Migration studies were also performed to evaluate the concentration of phthalates released from the bags into the infusions, and teabag filters were analysed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The migration study shows that tea filter bags contribute to the total phthalates concentration in tea infusion, and this contribution varies between 1.8 to 93.5 % of the total phthalates' concentrations. Tea filter bags release higher DBP than BBP, DMP, and DEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alá S Alnaimat
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade De Santiago De Compostela , Santiago De Compostela, Spain.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University , Ma'an, Jordan
| | - María Carmen Barciela-Alonso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade De Santiago De Compostela , Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Pilar Bermejo-Barrera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade De Santiago De Compostela , Santiago De Compostela, Spain
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19
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Vargas-Berrones K, Bernal-Jácome L, Díaz de León-Martínez L, Flores-Ramírez R. Emerging pollutants (EPs) in Latin América: A critical review of under-studied EPs, case of study -Nonylphenol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138493. [PMID: 32320876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (EPs) represent a significant risk to human, ecological and environmental health. Although progress has been made in establishing monitoring in environmental matrices, health effects, legislation and control, there are still problems associated with regional bias and the types of EPs commonly assessed, which may underestimate the risk to health. In Latin America there are limited reports on environmental monitoring of EPs and it is generally focused on wastewater. This review identifies the current research deficiencies for emerging contaminants in the Latin American region, and we address the case of nonylphenol as an under-studied EP in the region. Nonylphenol is a degradation product of nonylphenol ethoxylate, which is a surfactant widely used in the manufacture of detergents in Latin America, environmental concentrations have been reported, predominantly in water, and the possible effects on species in this region have been also described. The importance of the review of this compound in the region lies in the fact that the Rotterdam Convention has catalogued nonylphenol as a severely restricted compound, so it is necessary to establish measures for its restriction and change to a sustainable technology. Finally, the example of NP presented in this review highlights the lack of regulation in Latin America regarding to EPs, resulting in the contamination of wastewater, effluents, rivers and drinking water. It is imperative to determine the potential effects, occurrence and concentration levels to improve the regulation of these pollutants in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Vargas-Berrones
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Luis Bernal-Jácome
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado Edificio P. Facultad de Ingeniería, Dr. Manuel Nava #8, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 78290 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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20
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Hollow fiber-solid phase microextraction of phthalate esters from bottled water followed by flash evaporation gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Murat P, Harohalli Puttaswamy S, Ferret PJ, Coslédan S, Simon V. Identification of Potential Extractablesand Leachables in Cosmetic Plastic Packagingby Microchambers-Thermal Extraction and Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092115. [PMID: 32366050 PMCID: PMC7248719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Most container-content interaction studies are carried out through migration tests on end products or simulants involving generally toxic solvents. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying potential leachables from materials used in cosmetic plastic packaging by using two approaches based on solvent-free extraction, i.e., solid-phase microextraction sampling and pyrolyzer/thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Volatile and semi-volatile intentionally and non-intentionally added substances were detected in seven packaging samples made of polypropylene, polyethylene, and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer. Thirty-five compounds related to the polymers industry or packaging industry were identified, among them phthalates, alkanes, styrene, and cyanide derivates including degradation products, impurities, additives, plasticizers, and monomers. All except eight belong to the Cramer class I. These thermodesorption techniques are complementary to those used for migration tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Murat
- Chimie analytique et Compatibilité, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, 17 allée Camille Soula, 31320 Vigoulet-Auzil, France; (P.M.); (S.C.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, 31030 Toulouse, France;
| | | | - Pierre-Jacques Ferret
- Safety Assessment Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, 3 avenue Hubert Curien, 31035 Toulouse Cedex, France;
| | - Sylvie Coslédan
- Chimie analytique et Compatibilité, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, 17 allée Camille Soula, 31320 Vigoulet-Auzil, France; (P.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Valérie Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, 31030 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence:
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22
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Murat P, Ferret PJ, Coslédan S, Simon V. Development of a HS-SPME-GC-MS method for the analysis of phthalates in glycerin and liquid paraffin: application to safety evaluation of cosmetic packagings. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5157-5168. [PMID: 32221658 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Migration of molecules from packaging into products is a well-known phenomenon of which the studies in the food and medical industries are regulated in Europe by several legislations. However, for cosmetic packagings, there is no protocol nor specific migration limits available. The objective of this work was to use glycerin and liquid paraffin as cosmetic product simulants to perform a safety assessment on phthalates in 11 plastic packagings used in the cosmetic industry. To study these compounds in the matrices, 2 extraction techniques were compared: liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The optimization of the 2 processes of extraction showed that SPME was more adapted to the study. Finally, samples of glycerin and liquid paraffin were analyzed by a SPME-GC-MS method to quantitate 10 regulated phthalates. In glycerin, only DEP was quantitated above the LOQ in 3 packagings, but the concentrations measured were under the set concentration threshold of 0.5 ppm. In liquid paraffin, DEP was quantitated above this concentration threshold. A safety evaluation was so performed by calculating the systemic exposure damage, and the results were finally considered to be safe for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Murat
- Chimie analytique et Compatibilité, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, 17 allée Camille Soula, 31320, Vigoulet-Auzil, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), INRA, INPT, Université de Toulouse, 31030, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Jacques Ferret
- Safety Assessment Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, 3 avenue Hubert Curien, 31035, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Coslédan
- Chimie analytique et Compatibilité, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, 17 allée Camille Soula, 31320, Vigoulet-Auzil, France.
| | - Valérie Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), INRA, INPT, Université de Toulouse, 31030, Toulouse, France
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23
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Magnesium/aluminum-layered double hydroxide modified with hydrogen peroxide as a novel fiber coating for solid-phase microextraction of phthalate esters in aqueous samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Pacyga DC, Sathyanarayana S, Strakovsky RS. Dietary Predictors of Phthalate and Bisphenol Exposures in Pregnant Women. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:803-815. [PMID: 31144713 PMCID: PMC6743849 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can disrupt fetal developmental processes during pregnancy, leading to long-term adverse outcomes in humans. A major source of exposure to EDCs, such as phthalates and bisphenols, is the food supply, primarily due to contamination from processing and packaging. Therefore, this review aimed to 1) review food-monitoring sources of phthalates and bisphenols, and 2) evaluate methodologies and provide future directions needed to establish EDC-limiting dietary recommendations in pregnancy. Using PubMed, 10 peer-reviewed studies were found on dietary predictors of EDC exposure in pregnancy, and all were selected for review. Use of plastic containers in pregnancy was associated with higher urinary phthalate metabolites, whereas canned food consumption was associated with higher urinary bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations. Foods and dietary patterns associated with healthier food choices (e.g., organic/grown/raised/caught foods, folic acid supplements, vegetarianism) were generally associated with lower urinary phthalate metabolite and BPA concentrations. Despite the many food-monitoring studies reporting high BPA and phthalate concentrations in various foods, the designs of most studies described here were not sufficiently robust to consistently detect associations of specific foods/food groups with phthalates and BPA. Given the limitations of currently available research, future studies should incorporate more valid questionnaires to accurately assess dietary EDC exposure, strive for concurrent diet and exposure assessment, and assess whether geographical and cultural differences modify associations of diet with gestational EDC exposures. Such progress will be critical for developing dietary recommendations that ensure the safety and health of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Pacyga
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Rita S Strakovsky
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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25
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Murat P, Ferret PJ, Coslédan S, Simon V. Assessment of targeted non-intentionally added substances in cosmetics in contact with plastic packagings. Analytical and toxicological aspects. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 128:106-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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David F, Ochiai N, Sandra P. Two decades of stir bar sorptive extraction: A retrospective and future outlook. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Gorji S, Biparva P, Bahram M, Nematzadeh G. Development of magnetic solid phase microextraction method for determination of the endocrine disrupting chemicals leached from reused plastic bottles. Talanta 2019; 194:859-869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Peters RJ, Groeneveld I, Sanchez PL, Gebbink W, Gersen A, de Nijs M, van Leeuwen SP. Review of analytical approaches for the identification of non-intentionally added substances in paper and board food contact materials. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Wang T, Zhang R, Li D, Su P, Yang Y. Application of magnetized MOF-74 to phthalate esters extraction from Chinese liquor. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1600-1609. [PMID: 30734482 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, magnetized MOF-74 (Ni) was prepared using an ultrasound-assisted synthesis method. This novel functional magnetic adsorbent was characterized using various techniques. Using the prepared material as adsorbents, a magnetic solid-phase extraction method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was proposed for determining four phthalate esters in Chinese liquor samples. The extraction parameters, including solution pH, adsorbent amount, extraction time, and eluent type and volume, were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, proposed method showed good linearity within the range of 1.53-200 μg/L for diphenyl phthalate, 2.03-200 μg/L for butyl benzyl phthalate, 7.02-200 μg/L for diamyl phthalate, and 6.03-200 μg/L for dicyclohexyl phthalate, with correlation coefficients > 0.9944, low limits of detection (0.46-2.10 μg/L, S/N = 3), and good extraction repeatability (relative standard deviations of 3.7%, n = 6). This method was successfully used to analyze phthalate esters in Chinese liquor samples with recoveries of 74.4-104.8%. Two phthalate esters were detected in two samples, both at concentrations that satisfied the Chinese national standard, indicating this method has practical application prospects. The extraction efficiency of this method was also compared with conventional solid-phase extraction using commercial C18 cartridges. The results demonstrated that the proposed magnetic solid-phase extraction is a simple, time-saving, efficient, and low-cost method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiefeng Wang
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Di Li
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ping Su
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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Wang C, Cheng L, Zhang L, Zuo Y. Graphene oxide based molecularly imprinted polymers modified with β-cyclodextrin for selective extraction of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in environmental waters. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1248-1256. [PMID: 30641617 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide based molecularly imprinted polymers modified with β-cyclodextrin were prepared as solid-phase extraction column sorbents for specific recognition and sensitive detection of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in water samples. The morphology and composition of synthesized sorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The conditions affecting the performance of extraction procedures such as desorption solvent types and volume, sample pH and volume were investigated. The loading capacity (8.2 μg/mg) of the prepared sorbents increased eight times after modification with β-cyclodextrin. The developed extraction procedures coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography exhibited good linearity (0.2-500 μg/L), low limit of detection (0.052 μg/L), and good precision (relative standard deviation˂5.7%) under optimized conditions. The developed solid-phase extraction technique with prepared sorbents has been successfully applied in extracting trace di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from real natural waters with high efficiency, good selectivity, and desirable recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Lidong Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Yuegang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA, USA
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Yang J, Song W, Wang X, Li Y, Sun J, Gong W, Sun C. Migration of phthalates from plastic packages to convenience foods and its cumulative health risk assessments. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2019; 12:151-158. [PMID: 30773137 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2019.1574909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Yang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Weizhong Song
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiannan Sun
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Weilei Gong
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
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32
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Efficient determination of amphetamine and methylamphetamine in human urine using electro-enhanced single-drop microextraction with in-drop derivatization and gas chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1045:162-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Banafsheh Aghvami, Faraji H, Shahbaazi H. Chemometrics-Assisted QuEChERS Method Coupled with HPLC-Diode Array Detection for the Determination of Phthalate Esters in Food-Grade Plastics. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934818110035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Acir IH, Guenther K. Endocrine-disrupting metabolites of alkylphenol ethoxylates - A critical review of analytical methods, environmental occurrences, toxicity, and regulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:1530-1546. [PMID: 29874777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that metabolites of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) are classified as hazardous substances, they continue to be released into the environment from a variety of sources and are not usually monitored. Their wide use has led to an increase in the possible exposure pathways for humans, which is cause for alarm. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge about the behaviour of these metabolites with respect to the environment and toxicity, and their biological effects on human health. The aim of this work is to give an overview of the APEO metabolites and their analysis, occurrences and toxicity in various environmental and human samples. APEO metabolites have adverse effects on humans, wildlife, and the environment through their release into the environment. Currently, there are some reviews available on the behaviour of alkylphenols in soil, sediments, groundwater, surface water and food. However, none of these articles consider their toxicity in humans and especially their effect on the nervous and immune system. This work summarises the environmental occurrences of metabolites of APEOs in matrices, e.g. water, food and biological matrices, their effect on the immune and nervous systems, and isomer-specific issues. With that emphasis we are able to cover most common occurrences of human exposure, whether direct or indirect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail-H Acir
- University of Bonn, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Chemistry, Endenicher Allee 11-13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Guenther
- University of Bonn, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Chemistry, Endenicher Allee 11-13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Yang D, Li G, Wu L, Yang Y. Ferrofluid-based liquid-phase microextraction: Analysis of four phenolic compounds in milks and fruit juices. Food Chem 2018; 261:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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36
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Jafari MT, Rezaei B, Bahrami H. Zirconium dioxide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite-coated stir-bar sorptive extraction coupled with ion mobility spectrometry for determining ethion. Talanta 2018; 182:285-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Makkliang F, Kanatharana P, Thavarungkul P, Thammakhet-Buranachai C. A polypyrrole-chitosan cryogel stir-bead micro-solid phase extractor for the determination of phthalate esters in contact lenses storage solutions and in artificial saliva in contact with baby teethers. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 985:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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39
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Magnetic solid phase extraction with CoFe2O4/oleic acid nanoparticles coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of alkylphenols in baby foods. Food Chem 2017; 221:76-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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40
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Yang J, Li Y, Wu X, Ren L, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Sun C. Gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry for successive single-surface migration study of phthalate esters from polythene film. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Sanchis Y, Yusà V, Coscollà C. Analytical strategies for organic food packaging contaminants. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1490:22-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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42
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Cacho JI, Campillo N, Viñas P, Hernández-Córdoba M. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the determination of phthalates preconcentrated by microextraction based on an ionic liquid. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1310-1317. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Cacho
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum,” University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Natalia Campillo
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum,” University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Pilar Viñas
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum,” University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Manuel Hernández-Córdoba
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum,” University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
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43
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Li J, Wang Y, Su Q, Wu S, Wu L. Hollow fiber stir bar sorptive extraction for determination of phthalic acid esters in environmental and biological matrices. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:893-900. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass Utilization Chemical Engineering Institute Northwest University for Nationalities Lanzhou China
| | - Yan–Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass Utilization Chemical Engineering Institute Northwest University for Nationalities Lanzhou China
| | - Qiong Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass Utilization Chemical Engineering Institute Northwest University for Nationalities Lanzhou China
| | - Shang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass Utilization Chemical Engineering Institute Northwest University for Nationalities Lanzhou China
| | - Lan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass Utilization Chemical Engineering Institute Northwest University for Nationalities Lanzhou China
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44
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Si Q, Li F, Gao C, Wang C, Wang Z, Zhao J. Detection of phthalate esters in seawater by stir bar sorptive extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 108:163-170. [PMID: 27157609 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We developed the stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE)-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method to detect 15 kinds of PAEs in seawater. The stir bars (20mm in length and 1mm in film thickness) coated with 150μL of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were found to demonstrate the optimal extraction of PAEs. The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction time of 2h, extraction temperature of 25°C, sodium chloride of 5%, methanol of 10%, analytical time of 50min, and methanol-acetonitrile (4:1) as the solvent. SBSE-GC-MS revealed that under the set temperature, the chromatographic peaks of all 15 PAEs can appear with complete separation. The detection limit ranged from 0.07μg/L to 5.71μg/L, whereas the limit of quantification ranged from 0.023μg/L to 193μg/L, and the correlation coefficients between the chromatographic peak area and concentration of the PAEs were greater than 0.92.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Si
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Fengmin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chenchen Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Public Laboratory of Bioenergy and Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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45
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Lei Y, He M, Chen B, Hu B. Polyaniline/cyclodextrin composite coated stir bar sorptive extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection for the analysis of trace polychlorinated biphenyls in environmental waters. Talanta 2016; 150:310-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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46
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Liang W, Wang J, Zang X, Wang C, Wang Z. A porous carbon derived from amino-functionalized material of Institut Lavoisier as a solid-phase microextraction fiber coating for the extraction of phthalate esters from tea. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1331-8. [PMID: 26840882 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a porous carbon derived from amino-functionalized material of Institut Lavoisier (C-NH2 -MIL-125) was prepared and coated onto a stainless-steel wire through sol-gel technique. The coated fiber was used for the solid-phase microextraction of trace levels of phthalate esters (diallyl phthalate, di-iso-butyl ortho-phthalate, di-n-butyl ortho-phthalate, benzyl-n-butyl ortho-phthalate, and bis(2-ethylhexy) ortho-phthalate) from tea beverage samples before gas chromatography with mass spectrometric analysis. Several experimental parameters that could influence the extraction efficiency such as extraction time, extraction temperature, sample pH, sample salinity, stirring rate, desorption temperature and desorption time, were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the linearity existed in the range of 0.05-30.00 μg/L for green jasmine tea beverage samples, and 0.10-30.00 μg/L for honey jasmine tea beverage samples, with the correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.9939 to 0.9981. The limits of detection of the analytes for the method were 2.0-3.0 ng/L for green jasmine tea beverage sample, and 4.0-5.0 ng/L for honey jasmine tea beverage sample, depending on the compounds. The recoveries of the analytes for the spiked samples were in the range of 82.0-106.0%, and the precision, expressed as the relative standard deviations, was less than 11.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Liang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Juntao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaohuan Zang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
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Viñas P, Pastor-Belda M, Torres A, Campillo N, Hernández-Córdoba M. Use of oleic-acid functionalized nanoparticles for the magnetic solid-phase microextraction of alkylphenols in fruit juices using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2016; 151:217-223. [PMID: 26946030 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite with oleic acid as the surfactant (CoFe2O4/oleic acid) were used as sorbent material for the determination of alkylphenols in fruit juices. High sensitivity and specificity were achieved by liquid chromatography and detection using both diode-array (DAD) and electrospray-ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS/MS) in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode of the negative fragment ions for alkylphenols (APs) and in positive mode for ethoxylate APs (APEOs). The optimized conditions for the different variables influencing the magnetic separation procedure were: mass of magnetic nanoparticles, 50mg, juice volume, 10mL diluted to 25mL with water, pH 6, stirring for 10min at room temperature, separation with an external neodymium magnet, desorption with 3mL of methanol and orbital shaking for 5min. The enriched organic phase was evaporated and reconstituted with 100µL acetonitrile before injecting 30µL into a liquid chromatograph with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile/0.1% (v/v) formic acid under gradient elution. Quantification limits were in the range 3.6 to 125ngmL(-1). The recoveries obtained were in the 91-119% range, with RSDs lower than 14%. The ESI-MS/MS spectra permitted the correct identification of both APs and APEOs in the fruit juice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Pastor-Belda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Aitor Torres
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Hernández-Córdoba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Sun J, Wang W, Xu L, Dong J, Gao W, Huang Z, Cheng P, Zhou Z. Development of an air-flow-assisted extractive electrospray ionization source for rapid analysis of phthalic acid esters in spirits. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:1711-1716. [PMID: 26331921 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although traditional analytical techniques like gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS) offer satisfactory sensitivity and good reproducibility for the detection of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in a variety of matrices, they involve laborious sample pretreatment, are time-consuming, and some are expensive and environmentally unfriendly. Furthermore, there are thousands of spirits on the market; therefore, rapid and high-throughout methods suitable for the consistent detection and quantification of PAEs in spirits are urgently required. METHODS A new atmospheric pressure ionization method, named air-flow-assisted extractive electrospray ionization (EESI), has been developed. It is a variant on EESI and possesses the advantages of both EESI and air-flow-assisted ionization for direct analysis of samples without pretreatment. Combined with a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer, the method was used to directly analyze four PAEs, i.e., dipentyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate and didecyl phthalate, in spirits. RESULTS The method exhibits excellent sensitivity, stability and convenience. Four different brands of spirits have been successfully analyzed. The total analysis time for one sample was within 1 min, and the limits of detection and limits of quantification of the samples are located in the range 0.011-0.035 and 0.038-0.087 µg g(-1), respectively. Very good linearities, with correlation coefficients of 0.9758-0.9990, are observed for the samples in the range of 0.035 to 10 µg g(-1). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the air-flow-assisted EESI combined with tandem mass spectrometry is an effective method for rapid and direct determination of PAEs in spirits without sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiufeng Sun
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wentian Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Junguo Dong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Institute of Atmosphere Environment Security and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhengxu Huang
- Institute of Atmosphere Environment Security and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Atmosphere Environment Security and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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49
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Yang J, Li Y, Wang Y, Ruan J, Zhang J, Sun C. Recent advances in analysis of phthalate esters in foods. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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50
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Enrichment and determination of octylphenol and nonylphenol in environmental water samples by solid-phase microextraction with carboxylated carbon nano-spheres coating prior to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8673-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8906-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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