1
|
Tryon-Tasson N, Ryoo D, Eor P, Anderson JL. Silver-mediated separations: A comprehensive review on advancements of argentation chromatography, facilitated transport membranes, and solid-phase extraction techniques and their applications. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464133. [PMID: 37329654 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of silver(I) ions in chemical separations, also known as argentation separations, is a powerful approach for the selective separation and analysis of many natural and synthetic organic compounds. In this review, a comprehensive discussion of the most common argentation separation techniques, including argentation-liquid chromatography (Ag-LC), argentation-gas chromatography (Ag-GC), argentation-facilitated transport membranes (Ag-FTMs), and argentation-solid phase extraction (Ag-SPE) is provided. For each of these techniques, notable advancements, optimized separations, and innovative applications are discussed. The review begins with an explanation of the fundamental chemistry underlying argentation separations, mainly the reversible π-complexation between silver(I) ions and carbon-carbon double bonds. Within Ag-LC, the use of silver(I) ions in thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, as well as preparative LC are explored. This discussion focuses on how silver(I) ions are employed in the stationary and mobile phase to separate unsaturated compounds. For Ag-GC and Ag-FTMs, different silver compounds and supporting media are discussed, often with relation to olefin-paraffin separations. Ag-SPE has been widely employed for the selective extraction of unsaturated compounds from complex matrices in sample preparation. This comprehensive review of Ag-LC, Ag-GC, Ag-FTMs, and Ag-SPE techniques emphasizes the immense potential of argentation separations in separations science and serves as a valuable resource for researchers seeking to learn, optimize, and utilize argentation separations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Tryon-Tasson
- Ames National Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Donghyun Ryoo
- Ames National Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Philip Eor
- Ames National Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Ames National Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Srbinovska A, Lucci P, Conchione C, Barp L, Moret S. Endogenous n-Alkanes in Vegetable Oils: Validation of a Rapid Offline SPE-GC-FID Method, Comparison with Online LC-GC-FID and Potential for Olive Oil Quality Control. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114393. [PMID: 37298869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of endogenous n-alkane profiling for the assessment of extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) adulteration (blends with cheaper vegetable oils) has been studied by relatively few authors. Analytical methods used for this purpose often involve tedious and solvent-intensive sample preparation prior to analytical determination, making them unattractive. A rapid and solvent-sparing offline solid phase extraction (SPE) gas chromatography (GC) flame ionization detection (FID) method for the determination of endogenous n-alkanes in vegetable oils was, therefore, optimized and validated. The optimized method demonstrated good performance characteristics in terms of linearity (R2 > 0.999), recovery (on average 94%), and repeatability (residual standard deviation, RSD < 11.9%). The results were comparable to those obtained with online high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-GC- FID ( RSD < 5.1%). As an example of an application to prove the potentiality of endogenous n-alkanes in revealing frauds, the data set obtained from 16 EVOO, 9 avocado oils (AVO), and 13 sunflower oils (SFO), purchased from the market, was subjected to statistical analysis and principal component analysis. Two powerful indices, namely (n-C29 + n-C31)/(n-C25 + n-C26) and n-C29/n-C25, were found to reveal the addition of 2% SFO in EVOO and 5% AVO in EVOO, respectively. Further studies are needed to confirm the validity of these promising indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Srbinovska
- Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Lucci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Conchione
- Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Laura Barp
- Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Sabrina Moret
- Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Review on chromatographic and specific detection methodologies for unravelling the complexity of MOAH in foods. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1234:340098. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
4
|
Ruiz JLH, Liébanas JA, Vidal JLM, Garrido Frenich A, González RR. Offline Solid-Phase Extraction and Separation of Mineral Oil Saturated Hydrocarbons and Mineral Oil Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Edible Oils, and Analysis via GC with a Flame Ionization Detector. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092026. [PMID: 34574136 PMCID: PMC8472750 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A method was developed for the determination of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in edible oils, achieving similar limits of quantification than those obtained by online extraction methodologies, i.e., 0.5 mg/kg. The isolation of MOSH and MOAH was performed in a silver nitrated silica gel stationary phase prior to their analysis by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC-FID). To improve the sensitivity, the simulated on-column injection method, using a suitable liner, was optimized. The method was validated at 0.5, 10.0 and 17.9 mg/kg, and recoveries ranged from 80 to 110%. Intra and inter-day precision were evaluated at the same levels, and relative standard deviation (RSD) was lower than 20%. The method was applied to a total of 27 samples of different types of oil previously analyzed in an accredited laboratory, detecting MOSH up to 79.2 mg/kg and MOAH up to 22.4 mg/kg.
Collapse
|
5
|
Research Progress of Analysis of Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons using On-line High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Gas Chromatography. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(21)60084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
6
|
Sdrigotti N, Collard M, Purcaro G. Evolution of hyphenated techniques for mineral oil analysis in food. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:464-482. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Sdrigotti
- Analytical Chemistry Lab Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech University of Liège Gembloux 5030 Belgium
- Department of Agricultural Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences University of Udine Udine 33100 Italy
| | - Maurine Collard
- Analytical Chemistry Lab Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech University of Liège Gembloux 5030 Belgium
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Analytical Chemistry Lab Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech University of Liège Gembloux 5030 Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fengler R, Gruber L. Migration and permeation of mineral oil components from paper-based food contact materials into foods – A critical comparison of analytical methods. Food Packag Shelf Life 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
8
|
Biedermann M, Munoz C, Grob K. Epoxidation for the analysis of the mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons in food. An update. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1624:461236. [PMID: 32540076 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
On-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (HPLC-GC-FID) used for determining mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in foods, particularly in certain oils and fats, may be disturbed by interfering olefins present as natural food components or resulting from raffination of the oils and fats. While some interference can be coped with by disregarding their peaks, others overload GC to the extent of obscuring the MOAH or form humps which need to be distinguished from the hump formed by the MOAH. In the latter cases, it is necessary to remove these interferences prior to HPLC-GC analysis. So far, epoxidation of the olefins to increase their retention time beyond that of the MOAH in HPLC is the best method available, though imperfect by causing some loss of MOAH and sometimes incomplete removal of the interference. Two methods are re-evaluated; preference is given to a slightly modified version of that proposed by Nestola and Schmidt. The performances are comparable: the losses of MOAH are similar and with both methods not all interfering olefins may be removed from refined edible oils. However, the Nestola/Schmidt method has practical advantages, the main ones being that no cooling is necessary and no solvent needs to be evaporated, which facilitates automation. Potential residual interferences must be recognized and subtracted, which can be by the characteristics of the hump they form in HPLC-GC-FID, by GCxGC-FID or by GCxGC-MS using characteristic mass fragments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurus Biedermann
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zürich, PO Box, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Celine Munoz
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zürich, PO Box, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Koni Grob
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zürich, PO Box, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Supercritical fluid chromatography as a rapid single-step method for the determination of mineral oil saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in purified mineral oils for food and cosmetics applications. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1614:460713. [PMID: 31761438 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mineral oil hydrocarbons are used in the consumer goods sector for the elaboration of a wide range of foods and cosmetics. Traditional methods for determining their levels and composition are time consuming and laborious, besides requiring complex instrumentation. Here a simple and fast method was developed that uses columns packed with silver-modified silica in supercritical fluid chromatography with flame ionization and UV detection (SFC-FID/UV) for the determination of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in purified mineral oil samples. The method requires no sample preparation apart from dilution. Direct quantification of MOSH and MOAH was possible for samples with MOSH/MOAH ratios around one. For other samples deconvolution of the MOSH and MOAH humps in the FID chromatogram using the UV signal was needed since baseline separation of the two fractions could not be obtained. Validation of the method performance showed an excellent linearity (R2 > 0.9995) in the range of concentrations tested (2.5-100 mgmL-1) and a better repeatability than the standard methods (<5%). MOAH detection limits were better than 0.36% MOAH, which makes the method sufficiently sensitive for analysis of all but the highest purity mineral oils. The proposed SFC-FID/UV method was suitable for the analysis of mineral oils with viscosities and molecular weights below approximately 56 mm2s-1 and 450 gmol-1. The quantitative results of the new method were not statistically significantly different from those obtained with the standard SPE-GC-FID method where the new method has the advantages of a better repeatability, simpler operation and a significantly shortened analysis time. This new method could potentially also be used for the analysis of mineral oil contaminations in consumer products such as foods. However, in this case additional sample clean-up and preconcentration steps are needed for reducing matrix interferences from e.g. triglycerides and olefins and for improving the detection limits.
Collapse
|
10
|
Klenner MA, Cagnes M, Wood K, Mita K, Kishimoto M, Darwish T. Decagram scale production of deuterated mineral oil and polydecene as solvents for polymer studies in neutron scattering. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00690d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Decagram scale syntheses of deuterated mineral oil (d-MO) and poly(1-decene) (d-PD) were achieved by direct catalytic hydrothermal H/D exchange reaction in D2O.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A. Klenner
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF)
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Marina Cagnes
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF)
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Kathleen Wood
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering (ACNS)
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Kazuki Mita
- Process Technology Laboratory
- Mitsui Chemicals
- Inc
- Sodegaura
- Japan
| | | | - Tamim Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF)
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)
- Sydney
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
García-Cicourel AR, van de Velde B, Verduin J, Janssen HG. Comprehensive off-line silver phase liquid chromatography × gas chromatography with flame ionization and vacuum ultraviolet detection for the detailed characterization of mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1607:460391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
12
|
Bevan R, Harrison PTC, Jeffery B, Mitchell D. Evaluating the risk to humans from mineral oils in foods: Current state of the evidence. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:110966. [PMID: 31751646 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Key issues around the evaluation of risks to humans from mineral oils in food and feedstuffs are discussed. MOHs (MOAH and MOSH) occur in food due to intentional use, contamination from environmental sources and during transport/processing, or through migration from food contact materials. Problems in setting and enforcing human health guidelines for MOH include uncertainty around MOH toxicity and the specialist expertise needed for analysis of complex food matrices. Currently, the method of choice for measuring mineral oils is LC-GC-FID, however some complex food matrices also require additional analytical techniques to differentiate between some naturally occurring hydrocarbons and those from other sources, including of petrogenic origin. This requires the skills of an experienced analyst. Significant toxicological gaps for MOHs prevent robust human health risk assessment and the derivation of guidance values. As food-grade mineral oils are virtually MOAH-free, the key issue explored here is the relevance to humans of liver (micro)granulomas observed in F344 rats following oral intake. Available data suggest that despite the ubiquitous nature of MOH in the human diet, the prevalence of liver lipogranulomas in the population is low. These are not associated with inflammation and based on current evidence are not considered of human health significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Bevan
- IEH Consulting Ltd, Nottingham, UK.
| | | | - B Jeffery
- Mars Global Food Safety Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - D Mitchell
- Mars Global Food Safety Center, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
García-Cicourel AR, Janssen HG. Direct analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons in purified mineral oils for foods and cosmetics applications using gas chromatography with vacuum ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1590:113-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
14
|
Dai Y, Zhu C, Xue M, Chai XS, Chen C, Chen R, Hu H. A rapid screening method for evaluating the total migratable hydrocarbons in paper products by headspace gas chromatography. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10226-10230. [PMID: 35520891 PMCID: PMC9062532 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a rapid screening method for evaluating the hydrocarbon contamination in paper samples by headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC). This method was based on conducting the near-complete migratable release of hydrocarbons from a paper matrix to the headspace in 35 min at 98 °C. By programming the GC column temperature, other co-existing volatile organic compounds in the sample can be effectively separated from the migratable hydrocarbons. To simplify the method calibration, the concept of total migratable hydrocarbons was introduced and n-pentadecane was used as the standard hydrocarbon compound in the calibration. The results indicate that the present method offers good precision (the relative standard deviation < 9.8%) and accuracy (recovery between 94.3 and 101%). The present method can be a valuable tool for the quality assessment of total migratable hydrocarbons of paper products, aiming at providing a good guidance for safely using the recycled paper-based materials in various applications. Herein, we report a rapid screening method for evaluating the hydrocarbon contamination in paper samples by headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC).![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dai
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China +86-15960036871.,State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Chuxing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Meigui Xue
- Dongguan Polytechnic Guangdong 523808 China
| | - Xin-Sheng Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China.,National Center for Paper Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- National Center for Paper Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Dongguan 523808 China
| | | | - Huichao Hu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China +86-15960036871
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Weber S, Schrag K, Mildau G, Kuballa T, Walch SG, Lachenmeier DW. Analytical Methods for the Determination of Mineral Oil Saturated Hydrocarbons (MOSH) and Mineral Oil Aromatic Hydrocarbons (MOAH)-A Short Review. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2018; 13:1177390118777757. [PMID: 29887729 PMCID: PMC5989051 DOI: 10.1177/1177390118777757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mineral oils (such as paraffinum liquidum or white oil), which consist of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH), are widely applied in various consumer products such as medicines and cosmetics. Contamination of food with mineral oil may occur by migration of mineral oil containing products from packaging materials, or during the food production process, as well as by environmental contamination during agricultural production. Considerable analytical interest was initiated by the potential adverse health effects, especially carcinogenic effects of some aromatic hydrocarbons. This article reviews the history of mineral oil analysis, starting with gravimetric and photometric methods, followed by on-line-coupled liquid chromatography with gas chromatography and flame ionization detection (LC-GC-FID), which still is considered as gold standard for MOSH-MOAH analysis. Comprehensive tables of applications in the fields of cosmetics, foods, food contact materials, and living organisms are provided. Further methods including GCxGC-MS methods are reviewed, which may be suitable for confirmation of LC-GC-FID results and identification of compound classes. As alternative to chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has recently been suggested for MOSH-MOAH analysis, especially with the possibility of detecting only the toxicologically relevant aromatic rings. Furthermore, NMR may offer potential as rapid screening especially with low-field instruments usable for raw material control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Weber
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karola Schrag
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerd Mildau
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuballa
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan G Walch
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dirk W Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Brühl L. Occurrence, determination, and assessment of mineral oils in oilseeds and vegetable oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
17
|
Biedermann M, Munoz C, Grob K. Update of on-line coupled liquid chromatography – gas chromatography for the analysis of mineral oil hydrocarbons in foods and cosmetics. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1521:140-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
18
|
Nestola M, Schmidt TC. Determination of mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oils and fats by online liquid chromatography–gas chromatography–flame ionization detection – Evaluation of automated removal strategies for biogenic olefins. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1505:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
19
|
Giannetti V, Boccacci Mariani M, Mannino P. Monitoring of contaminants in recycled paperboard for food contact applications. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2191-2198. [PMID: 27611788 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of harmonized European legislation on food packaging led the Confederation of European Paper Industries to the proposal of a voluntary Industry Guideline for the compliance of paper and board materials for food contact applications. In the present work, a previously established method for the simultaneous determination of contaminants commonly found in recycled paperboard was improved and its applicability as a quality control tool in the paper industry was also assessed. The method involves a sample pre-treatment followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. RESULTS For analysis, paperboard samples were collected both from three sections of the same reel and from different reels belonging to the same production run. Results highlighted no significant differences in terms of contaminant distribution among samples, which ensured good sampling representativeness. The performance of the method was considerably improved in terms of linearity range, limits of detection and quantification (5- to 2-fold lower) by using a quadrupole GC/MS system instead of an ion trap GC/MS system. CONCLUSION The proposed method could offer a key strategy for analysis of benzophenone derivatives, diisopropyl naphthalene and phthalates in recycled paperboard in order to assess compliance of food packaging with the voluntary limits recommended by the Industry Guideline. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Giannetti
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, I-00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Boccacci Mariani
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, I-00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Mannino
- Department of Management, Faculty of Economy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, I-00161, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Determination of Mineral Oil-Saturated Hydrocarbons (MOSH) in Vegetable Oils by Large Scale Off-Line SPE Combined with GC-FID. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-016-2936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
21
|
Moret S, Scolaro M, Barp L, Purcaro G, Conte LS. Microwave assisted saponification (MAS) followed by on-line liquid chromatography (LC)–gas chromatography (GC) for high-throughput and high-sensitivity determination of mineral oil in different cereal-based foodstuffs. Food Chem 2016; 196:50-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
22
|
Gómez-Coca RB, Pérez-Camino MDC, Moreda W. Saturated hydrocarbon content in olive fruits and crude olive pomace oils. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:391-402. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1133934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
Brühl L. Occurrence, determination, and assessment of mineral oils in oilseeds and vegetable oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
24
|
Zoccali M, Barp L, Beccaria M, Sciarrone D, Purcaro G, Mondello L. Improvement of mineral oil saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons determination in edible oil by liquid-liquid-gas chromatography with dual detection. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:623-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariosimone Zoccali
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Laura Barp
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Marco Beccaria
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Roma Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Lommatzsch M, Biedermann M, Simat TJ, Grob K. Argentation high performance liquid chromatography on-line coupled to gas chromatography for the analysis of monounsaturated polyolefin oligomers in packaging materials and foods. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1402:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
Moret S, Scolaro M, Barp L, Purcaro G, Sander M, Conte LS. Optimisation of pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) for rapid and efficient extraction of superficial and total mineral oil contamination from dry foods. Food Chem 2014; 157:470-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
28
|
Moret S, Sander M, Purcaro G, Scolaro M, Barp L, Conte LS. Optimization of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) for rapid determination of mineral oil saturated (MOSH) and aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in cardboard and paper intended for food contact. Talanta 2013; 115:246-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
29
|
Barp L, Purcaro G, Moret S, Conte LS. A high-sample-throughput LC-GC method for mineral oil determination. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3135-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barp
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti; Università di Udine; Udine Italy
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti; Università di Udine; Udine Italy
| | - Sabrina Moret
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti; Università di Udine; Udine Italy
| | - Lanfranco S. Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti; Università di Udine; Udine Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Purcaro G, Tranchida PQ, Barp L, Moret S, Conte LS, Mondello L. Detailed elucidation of hydrocarbon contamination in food products by using solid-phase extraction and comprehensive gas chromatography with dual detection. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 773:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
31
|
Purcaro G, Moret S, Conte L. Sample pre-fractionation of environmental and food samples using LC-GC multidimensional techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
32
|
Development of a manual method for the determination of mineral oil in foods and paperboard. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1271:192-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
33
|
Comparison of two different multidimensional liquid–gas chromatography interfaces for determination of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons in foodstuffs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:1077-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|