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Chen S, Lai W, Wang H. Recent advances in high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry techniques for analysis of DNA damage and epigenetic modifications. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 896:503755. [PMID: 38821674 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Environmental exposure would cause DNA damage and epigenetic modification changes, potentially resulting in physiological dysfunction, thereby triggering diseases and even cancer. DNA damage and epigenetic modifications are thus promising biomarkers for environmental exposures and disease states. Benefiting from its high sensitivity and accuracy, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) is considered the "gold standard technique" for investigating epigenetic DNA modifications. This review summarizes the recent advancements of UHPLC-MS/MS-based technologies for DNA damage and epigenetic modifications analysis, mainly focusing on the innovative methods developed for UHPLC-MS/MS-related pretreatment technologies containing efficient genomic DNA digestion and effective removal of the inorganic salt matrix, and the new strategies for improving detection sensitivity of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Moreover, we also summarized the novel hyphenated techniques of the advanced UHPLC-MS/MS coupled with other separation and analysis methods for the measurement of DNA damage and epigenetic modification changes in special regions and fragments of chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Weiyi Lai
- The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Hailin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Cavalloro V, Marrubini G, Stabile R, Rossi D, Linciano P, Gheza G, Assini S, Martino E, Collina S. Microwave-Assisted Extraction and HPLC-UV-CD Determination of (S)-usnic Acid in Cladonia foliacea. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020455. [PMID: 33467133 PMCID: PMC7830470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the years, many usnic acid (UA) conjugates have been synthesized to obtain potent endowed with biological properties. Since (S)-UA is less abundant in nature than (R)-enantiomer, it is difficult to source, thus precluding a deeper investigation. Among the lichens producing UA, Cladonia foliacea is a valuable (S)-UA source. In the present work, we report on a rapid HPLC-UV/PAD-CD protocol suitable for the analysis and the identification of the main secondary metabolites present in C. foliacea extract. Best results were achieved using XBridge Phenyl column and acetonitrile and water, which were both added with formic acid as mobile phase in gradient elution. By combining analytical, spectroscopical, and chiroptical analysis, the most abundant analyte was unambiguously identified as (S)-UA. Accordingly, a versatile microwave-assisted extractive (MAE) protocol, assisted by a design of experiment (DoE), to quantitatively recover (S)-UA was set up. The best result in terms of UA extraction yield was obtained using ethanol and heating at 80 °C under microwave irradiation for 5 min. Starting from 100 g of dried C. foliacea, 420 mg of (S)-UA were achieved. Thus, our extraction method resulted in a suitable protocol to produce (S)-UA from C. foliacea for biological and pharmaceutical investigation or commercial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cavalloro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Giorgio Marrubini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.M.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Rita Stabile
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.M.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.M.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Pasquale Linciano
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.M.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Gabriele Gheza
- Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Silvia Assini
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Emanuela Martino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.M.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (S.C.)
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Zupanič Pajnič I, Marrubini G, Pogorelc BG, Zupanc T, Previderè C, Fattorini P. On the long term storage of forensic DNA in water. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 305:110031. [PMID: 31707238 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.110031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A rectrospective study was conducted on the effect of the long term storage of 122 DNA samples resuspended in water, one of the elution media still suggested by well established protocols. These DNA samples come from four different kinds of forensically relevant samples (saliva swabs, FTA card bloodstains, nails and II° World War bones) extracted in 2008-2018 and stored at - 20°C (n=113 of groups #1-#5) and at +4°C (n=9 of the group #6), respectively. At the time of the present study (2019), quantitative PCR (qPCR) was employed as tool for assessing the degradation of the samples. The employment of the Human Quantifiler Kit showed that the median loss of DNA ranged from 17.8% to 66.6% in groups #1-#5 while it was 85.0% in group #6. However, it is likely that these values represent an underestimation due to the shortness of the qPCR probe (62 bp). Noteworthy, the DNA loss was statistically significant in each of the six groups (p values ≤ 0.0167). Thus, in agreement with the data on spontaneous DNA decay, no forensic DNA sample should be stored in water for long term periods. In conclusion, the results of this technical note warn against the use of water for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Zupanič Pajnič
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | | | - Tomaž Zupanc
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Carlo Previderè
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Fattorini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health, University of Trieste, Italy.
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Martino E, Della Volpe S, Cavalloro V, Amri B, Kaab LBB, Marrubini G, Rossi D, Collina S. The use of a microwave-assisted solvent extraction coupled with HPLC-UV/PAD to assess the quality of Marrubium vulgare L. (white horehound) herbal raw material. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:377-384. [PMID: 30687967 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Marrubium vulgare is a herbal remedy presents in several European Pharmacopoeias and commonly marketed as white horehound. The chemotaxonomic marker of Marrubium genus is marrubiin and its content may change in response to biotic and abiotic stress. OBJECTIVE Development of a microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MASE) methodology suitable for exhaustively extracting marrubiin from M. vulgare leaves, easily applicable to large sets of samples. Evaluation of the influence of copper(II) on marrubiin production. MATERIAL AND METHODS M. vulgare leaves were dried, extracted exploiting MASE and analysed via high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet photodiode array detection (HPLC-UV/PAD) system. A design of experiments approach was adopted to select the best extraction conditions. Extraction parameters (solvent composition, extraction time and temperature), were studied applying two full factorial experimental designs in a sequential approach. To analyse samples, a rapid HPLC-UV/PAD method was set up. RESULTS The best results in terms of marrubiin extraction yield were obtained extracting samples at 120°C with 100% ethanol, for 15 min (3 × 5 min microwave cycles). The developed methodology was successfully applied to matrices grown in Greenhouse conditions and under stress induced by copper(II), selected as model agent for abiotic stress. Progressively decreasing production of marrubiin was evidenced in connection with treatment with 80, 200 and 300 mg/L copper sulphate. CONCLUSION An efficient methodology for the extraction and determination of the amount of marrubiin in large sets of samples of M. vulgare plants was developed. Results demonstrated that marrubiin is an easily detectable marker useful for evaluating M. vulgare reaction to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Martino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Cavalloro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Bedis Amri
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis el Manar, Unité de recherche "Nutrition et métabolismes azoté et protéines de stress", Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Leila Bettaeib Been Kaab
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis el Manar, Unité de recherche "Nutrition et métabolismes azoté et protéines de stress", Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Daniela Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Lai W, Mo J, Yin J, Lyu C, Wang H. Profiling of epigenetic DNA modifications by advanced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technologies. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zitka O, Kudr J, Labuda J, Xhaxhiu K, Adam V. Separation of Nucleobases Using High-performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Voltammetric Scanning. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Zemedelska 1 CZ-613 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Purkyňova 656/123 612 00 BRNO Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kudr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Zemedelska 1 CZ-613 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Purkyňova 656/123 612 00 BRNO Czech Republic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication; Brno University of Technology; Technicka 3058/10, 616 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jan Labuda
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava; Radlinskeho 9 SK-812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Kledi Xhaxhiu
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Sciences; University of Tirana, Blv. Zog I, No. 2/1, 1001; Tirana Albania
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Zemedelska 1 CZ-613 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Purkyňova 656/123 612 00 BRNO Czech Republic
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Fattorini P, Marrubini G, Bonin S, Bertoglio B, Grignani P, Recchia E, Pitacco P, Procopio F, Cantoni C, Pajnič IZ, Sorçaburu-Cigliero S, Previderè C. Producing standard damaged DNA samples by heating: pitfalls and suggestions. Anal Biochem 2018; 549:107-112. [PMID: 29551671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heat-mediated hydrolysis of DNA is a simple and inexpensive method for producing damaged samples in vitro. Despite heat-mediated DNA hydrolysis is being widely used in forensic and clinical validation procedures, the lack of standardized procedures makes it impossible to compare the intra and inter-laboratory outcomes of the damaging treatments. In this work, a systematic approach to heat induced DNA hydrolysis was performed at 70 °C for 0-18 h to test the role both of the hydrolysis buffer and of the experimental conditions. Specifically, a trial DNA sample, resuspended in three different media (ultrapure water, 0.1% DEPC-water and, respectively, TE) was treated both in Eppendorf tubes ("Protocol P") and in Eppendorf tubes provided with screwcaps ("Protocol S"). The results of these comparative tests were assessed by normalization of the qPCR results. DEPC-water increased the degradation of the samples up to about 100 times when compared to the ultrapure water. Conversely, the TE protected the DNA from degradation whose level was about 1700 times lower than in samples treated in ultrapure water. Even the employment of the "Protocol S" affected the level of degradation, by consistently increasing it (up to about 180 times in DEPC-water). Thus, this comparative approach showed that even seemingly apparently trivial and often underestimated parameters modify the degradation level up to 2-3 orders of magnitude. The chemical-physical reasons of these findings are discussed together with the role of potential factors such as enhanced reactivity of CO2, ROS, NOx and pressure, which are likely to be involved. Since the intra and inter-laboratory comparison of the outcomes of the hydrolytic procedure is the first step toward its standardization, the normalization of the qPCR data by the UV/qPCR ratio seems to be the simplest and most reliable way to allow this. Finally, the supplying (provided with the commercial qPCR kits) of a DNA sample whose degree of degradation is well documented could be helpful in ISO/IEC 17025 validation procedures and in proficiency testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fattorini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health, University of Trieste, Italy.
| | | | - Serena Bonin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Barbara Bertoglio
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Pierangela Grignani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Recchia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Pitacco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Procopio
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Irena Zupanič Pajnič
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Carlo Previderè
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
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Microwave-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis of DNA for mass spectrometric analysis: A new strategy for accelerated hydrolysis. Anal Biochem 2018; 546:28-34. [PMID: 29408176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Study of DNA base composition, DNA adducts and modification in its primary structure is a subject of interest in different fields of scientific research. Various methods like immunochemistry, capillary electrophoretic separation, chromatographic separation coupled with mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) detection have been developed for DNA analysis. During the past decade LC-MS/MS has emerged as a more sensitive and selective technique and now frequently used for the analysis of DNA. The workflow for the DNA analysis include DNA extraction, hydrolysis of DNA into mononucleosides and analysis. Though high-throughput methods are available for the analysis DNA hydrolysis oftentimes is a rate limiting step. Conventional enzymatic hydrolysis of DNA using a multienzyme mixture will take a minimum of 6-17 h to complete the hydrolysis. In this work, we developed an accelerated enzymatic hydrolysis of DNA using microwave-technology for the first time. 1.00 μg of calf thymus DNA was used to demonstrate the microwave assisted enzymatic hydrolysis of DNA. The resultant mononucleosides were separated on Atlantis T3 (50 × 2.1 mm i.d.; 3 μ particle size) C18 column and analyzed on ABSCIEX QTRAP 5500 LC/MS system. The sample through put and recovery of microwave-assisted digestion were compared with the conventional enzymatic hydrolysis. Efficient digestion of DNA with a performance similar to that obtained by the conventional overnight digestion procedure was attained in just 30 min with a hydrolysis yield of ≥90%. Furthermore, our method was found to be much more accurate and easier to perform. Thus, this new application of microwave technology to DNA enzymatic digestion will facilitate the application of DNA analysis in biological and clinical research.
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Biesuz R, Emma G, Milanese C, Dacarro G, Taglietti A, Nurchi VM, Alberti G. Novel DFO-SAM on mesoporous silica for iron sensing. Part I. Synthesis optimization and characterization of the material. Analyst 2015; 139:3932-9. [PMID: 24964923 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00179f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and the physico-chemical characterisation of a novel solid phase, designed for iron(iii) sorption, are presented. The solid (indicated in the following as DFO-SAMMS) is made with a hydroxamate siderophore, the deferoxamine (DFO), covalently bound on a self-assembled monolayer on mesoporous silica (SAMMS). The data demonstrate that the DFO molecules are bound to the solid material, grafted on the surface and do not enter the silica pores. A new one-pot synthesis is presented in which DFO is dissolved in DMSO, and left to react with GPTMS with stirring overnight. In the same mixture, SAMMS is added to get the final product. The optimisation of experimental conditions of this novel one-pot synthesis is presented, with results indicating that a temperature of 90 °C, for the reaction between DFO and GPTMS, and the use of MCM-41 silica are the most convenient conditions. The kinetics of sorption reveals that the iron uptake is relatively fast, around 100 min at pH = 2.5, and from the sorption profile of iron(iii), the estimated capacity of the product obtained under optimized conditions was higher than 0.3 mmol g(-1). The results found in the present research are very promising for application in real biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Biesuz
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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