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Yu L, Sun Y. Recent advances in protein chromatography with polymer-grafted media. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461865. [PMID: 33453656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The strategy of using polymer-grafted media is effective to create protein chromatography of high capacity and uptake rate, giving rise to an excellent performance in high-throughput protein separation due to its high dynamic binding capacity. Taking the scientific development and technological innovation of protein chromatography as the objective, this review is devoted to an overview of polymer-grafted media reported in the last five years, including their fabrication routes, protein adsorption and chromatography, mechanisms behind the adsorption behaviors, limitations of polymer-grafted media and chromatographic operation strategies. Particular emphasis is placed on the elaboration and discussion on the behaviors of ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) with polymer-grafted media because IEC is the most suitable chromatographic mode for this kind of media. Recent advances in both the theoretical and experimental investigations on polymer-grafted media are discussed by focusing on their implications to the rational design of novel chromatographic media and mobile phase conditions for the development of high-performance protein chromatography. It is concluded that polymer-grafted media are suitable for development of IEC and mixed-mode chromatography with charged and low hydrophobic ligands, but not for hydrophobic interaction chromatography with high hydrophobic ligands and affinity chromatography with ligands that have single binding site on the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linling Yu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Khanal O, Kumar V, Lenhoff AM. Displacement to separate host-cell proteins and aggregates in cation-exchange chromatography of monoclonal antibodies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:164-174. [PMID: 32910459 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and consistent method of monoclonal antibody (mAb) purification can improve process productivity and product consistency. Although protein A chromatography removes most host-cell proteins (HCPs), mAb aggregates and the remaining HCPs are challenging to remove in a typical bind-and-elute cation-exchange chromatography (CEX) polishing step. A variant of the bind-and-elute mode is the displacement mode, which allows strongly binding impurities to be preferentially retained and significantly improves resin utilization. Improved resin utilization renders displacement chromatography particularly suitable in continuous chromatography operations. In this study we demonstrate and exploit sample displacement between a mAb and impurities present at low prevalence (0.002%-1.4%) using different multicolumn designs and recycling. Aggregate displacement depends on the residence time, sample concentration, and solution environment, the latter by enhancing the differences between the binding affinities of the product and the impurities. Displacement among the mAb and low-prevalence HCPs resulted in an effectively bimodal-like distribution of HCPs along the length of a multi-column system, with the mAb separating the relatively more basic group of HCPs from those that are more acidic. Our findings demonstrate that displacement of low-prevalence impurities along multiple CEX columns allows for selective separation of mAb aggregates and HCPs that persist through protein A chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohnmar Khanal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Vijesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Abraham M Lenhoff
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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Khanal O, Kumar V, Schlegel F, Lenhoff AM. Estimating and leveraging protein diffusion on ion-exchange resin surfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:7004-7010. [PMID: 32179691 PMCID: PMC7132105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921499117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein mobility at solid-liquid interfaces can affect the performance of applications such as bioseparations and biosensors by facilitating reorganization of adsorbed protein, accelerating molecular recognition, and informing the fundamentals of adsorption. In the case of ion-exchange chromatographic beads with small, tortuous pores, where the existence of surface diffusion is often not recognized, slow mass transfer can result in lower resin capacity utilization. We demonstrate that accounting for and exploiting protein surface diffusion can alleviate the mass-transfer limitations on multiple significant length scales. Although the surface diffusivity has previously been shown to correlate with ionic strength (IS) and binding affinity, we show that the dependence is solely on the binding affinity, irrespective of pH, IS, and resin ligand density. Different surface diffusivities give rise to different protein distributions within the resin, as characterized using confocal microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering (length scales of micrometer and nanometer, respectively). The binding dependence of surface diffusion inspired a protein-loading approach in which the binding affinity, and hence the surface diffusivity, is modulated by varying IS. Such gradient loading increased the protein uptake efficiency by up to 43%, corroborating the importance of protein surface diffusion in protein transport in ion-exchange chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohnmar Khanal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Vijesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | | | - Abraham M Lenhoff
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716;
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Singh N, Herzer S. Downstream Processing Technologies/Capturing and Final Purification : Opportunities for Innovation, Change, and Improvement. A Review of Downstream Processing Developments in Protein Purification. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:115-178. [PMID: 28795201 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased pressure on upstream processes to maximize productivity has been crowned with great success, although at the cost of shifting the bottleneck to purification. As drivers were economical, focus is on now on debottlenecking downstream processes as the main drivers of high manufacturing cost. Devising a holistically efficient and economical process remains a key challenge. Traditional and emerging protein purification strategies with particular emphasis on methodologies implemented for the production of recombinant proteins of biopharmaceutical importance are reviewed. The breadth of innovation is addressed, as well as the challenges the industry faces today, with an eye to remaining impartial, fair, and balanced. In addition, the scope encompasses both chromatographic and non-chromatographic separations directed at the purification of proteins, with a strong emphasis on antibodies. Complete solutions such as integrated USP/DSP strategies (i.e., continuous processing) are discussed as well as gains in data quantity and quality arising from automation and high-throughput screening (HTS). Best practices and advantages through design of experiments (DOE) to access a complex design space such as multi-modal chromatography are reviewed with an outlook on potential future trends. A discussion of single-use technology, its impact and opportunities for further growth, and the exciting developments in modeling and simulation of DSP rounds out the overview. Lastly, emerging trends such as 3D printing and nanotechnology are covered. Graphical Abstract Workflow of high-throughput screening, design of experiments, and high-throughput analytics to understand design space and design space boundaries quickly. (Reproduced with permission from Gregory Barker, Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nripen Singh
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Devens, MA, 01434, USA.
| | - Sibylle Herzer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Hopewell, NJ, 01434, USA
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Zhang S, Iskra T, Daniels W, Salm J, Gallo C, Godavarti R, Carta G. Structural and performance characteristics of representative anion exchange resins used for weak partitioning chromatography. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:425-434. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Zhang
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University of Virginia; Charlottesville VA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Giorgio Carta
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University of Virginia; Charlottesville VA
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Elich T, Iskra T, Daniels W, Morrison CJ. High throughput determination of cleaning solutions to prevent the fouling of an anion exchange resin. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:1251-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Elich
- EMD Millipore Corporation; 900 Middlesex Turnpike Billerica Massachusetts 01821
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Zhang S, Daniels W, Salm J, Glynn J, Martin J, Gallo C, Godavarti R, Carta G. Nature of foulants and fouling mechanism in the Protein A MabSelect resin cycled in a monoclonal antibody purification process. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:141-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giorgio Carta
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia
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Zhang S, Xu K, Daniels W, Salm J, Glynn J, Martin J, Gallo C, Godavarti R, Carta G. Structural and functional characteristics of virgin and fouled Protein A MabSelect resin cycled in a monoclonal antibody purification process. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:367-75. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia 22904
| | - Kerui Xu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giorgio Carta
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia 22904
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Yu L, Zhang L, Sun Y. Protein behavior at surfaces: Orientation, conformational transitions and transport. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1382:118-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Vetter TA, Ferreira G, Robbins D, Carta G. Mixed-Beds of Strong and Weak Anion Exchange Resins for Protein Separations with Step-Induced pH Gradients. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.860169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Coquebert de Neuville B, Thomas H, Morbidelli M. Simulation of porosity decrease with protein adsorption using the distributed pore model. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1314:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Coquebert de Neuville B, Tarafder A, Morbidelli M. Distributed pore model for bio-molecule chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1298:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hassan IB, Ennouri M, Lafforgue C, Schmitz P, Ayadi A. Experimental Study of Membrane Fouling during Crossflow Microfiltration of Yeast and Bacteria Suspensions: Towards an Analysis at the Microscopic Level. MEMBRANES 2013; 3:44-68. [PMID: 24958619 PMCID: PMC4021933 DOI: 10.3390/membranes3020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Microfiltration of model cell suspensions combining macroscopic and microscopic approaches was studied in order to better understand microbial membrane fouling mechanisms. The respective impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and Escherichia coli bacteria on crossflow microfiltration performances was investigated using a multichannel ceramic 0.2 µm membrane. Pure yeast suspensions (5 µm ovoid cells) and mixtures of yeast and bacteria (1 to 2.5 µm rod shape cells) were considered in order to analyse the effect of interaction between these two microorganisms on fouling reversibility. The resistances varied significantly with the concentration and characteristics of the microorganisms. Membrane fouling with pure yeast suspension was mainly reversible. For yeast and bacteria mixed suspensions (6 g L−1 yeast concentration) the increase in bacteria from 0.15 to 0.30 g L−1 increased the percentage of normalized reversible resistance. At 10 g L−1 yeast concentration, the addition of bacteria tends to increase the percentage of normalized irreversible resistance. For the objective of performing local analysis of fouling, an original filtration chamber allowing direct in situ observation of the cake by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was designed, developed and validated. This device will be used in future studies to characterize cake structure at the microscopic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Ben Hassan
- LRAE (Laboratoire Radio analyses et Environnement), Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs de Sfax., Sfax BP3038, Tunisie.
| | - Monia Ennouri
- LAA (Laboratoire Analyses Alimentaires), Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs de Sfax., Sfax BP3038, Tunisie.
| | - Christine Lafforgue
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse F-31077, France.
| | - Philippe Schmitz
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse F-31077, France.
| | - Abdelmoneim Ayadi
- LRAE (Laboratoire Radio analyses et Environnement), Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs de Sfax., Sfax BP3038, Tunisie.
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