1
|
Hefnawy M, El-Gendy M, Al-Salem H, Marenga H, El-Azab A, Abdel-Aziz A, Gamal AE, Alanazi M, Obaidullah A, Al-Hossaini A, Hefnawy A. Trends in monoliths: Packings, stationary phases and nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463819. [PMID: 36724721 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Monoliths media are gaining interest as excellent substitutes to conventional particle-packed columns. Monolithic columns show higher permeability and lower flow resistance than conventional liquid chromatography columns, providing high-throughput performance, resolution and separation in short run times. Monolithic columns with longer length, smaller inner diameter and specific selectivity to peptides or enantiomers have been played important role in hyphenated system. Monolithic stationary phases possess great efficiency, resolution, selectivity and sensitivity in the separation of complex biological samples, such as the complex mixtures of peptides for proteome analysis. The development of monolithic stationary phases has opened the new avenue in chromatographic separation science and is in turn playing much more important roles in the wide application area. Monolithic stationary phases have been widely used in fast and high efficiency one- and multi-dimensional separation systems, miniaturized devices, and hyphenated system coupled with mass spectrometers. The developing technology for preparation of monolithic stationary phases is revolutionizing the column technology for the separation of complex biological samples. These techniques using porous monoliths offer several advantages, including miniaturization and on-line coupling with analytical instruments. Additionally, monoliths are ideal support media for imprinting template-specific sites, resulting in the so-called molecularly-imprinted monoliths, with ultra-high selectivity. In this review, the origin of the concept, the differences between their characteristics and those of traditional packings, their advantages and drawbacks, theory of separations, the methods for the monoliths preparation of different forms, nanoparticle monoliths and metal-organic framework are discussed. Two application areas of monolithic metal-organic framework and nanoparticle monoliths are provided. The review article discusses the results reported in a total of 218 references. Other older references were included to illustrate the historical development of monoliths, both in preparation and types, as well as separation mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hefnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Manal El-Gendy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Al-Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanin Marenga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel El-Azab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali El Gamal
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plant Research Center (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Hossaini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Hefnawy
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura Manchester Medical Program, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Chromatographic separation of peptides and proteins for characterization of proteomes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:270-281. [PMID: 36504223 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05568f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of proteomes aims to comprehensively characterize proteins in cells or tissues via two main strategies: (1) bottom-up strategy based on the separation and identification of enzymatic peptides; (2) top-down strategy based on the separation and identification of intact proteins. However, it is challenged by the high complexity of proteomes. Consequently, the improvements in peptide and protein separation technologies for simplifying the sample should be critical. In this feature article, separation columns for peptide and protein separation were introduced, and peptide separation technologies for bottom-up proteomic analysis as well as protein separation technologies for top-down proteomic analysis were summarized. The achievement, recent development, limitation and future trends are discussed. Besides, the outlook on challenges and future directions of chromatographic separation in the field of proteomics was also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Lihua Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yukui Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou Q, Huang Q, Tu XX, Wang H, Yao C, Guo N, Niu D, Xiang YL, Zhu LH. Fast Online Solid Phase Extraction of Antibiotics by Click Chemistry Strategy Using Phenyl-Modified Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas for Enrichment. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
4
|
Fan C, Quan K, Chen J, Qiu H. Comparison of chromatographic performance of co-grafted silica using octadecene respectively with vinylpyrrolidone, vinylimidazole and vinylpyridine. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1661:462690. [PMID: 34883356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Three reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) stationary phases were obtained by using long-chain 1-octadecene (OD) co-grafted with three short-chain monomers, including N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), 1-vinylimidazole (VIm) and 4-vinylpyridine (VPy), respectively (noted as Sil@ODNVP, Sil@ODVIm and Sil@ODVPy). Peak broadening phenomenon in RPLC mode which resulted by short-chain was examined carefully. Compared with Sil@ODNVP, both of Sil@ODVIm and Sil@ODVPy had smaller peak width and higher column efficiency in the separation of 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 7 alkyl benzenes, 7 aromatic acids, 7 aromatic esters and 9 phenols. In addition, VPy has the strongest ion exchange capacity than other two short-chains. In this case, we can see that VPy and VIm maybe more suitable to be used as functional monomeric modifiers of new chromatographic stationary phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaijun Quan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao Y, Zeng J, You J, Duan Y, Li Y, Liu C, Liu Z, Yang L, Shen Q, Li Z. A Sol–gel Method for Preparing Poly (N-Isopropyl Acrylamide) Hybrid Column and Its Application in Small Molecular Analysis Using Capillary Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Ma C, Ma S, Chen Y, Wang Y, Ou J, Zhang J, Ye M. Fast fabrication and modification of polyoctahedral silsesquioxane-containing monolithic columns via two-step photo-initiated reactions and their application in proteome analysis of tryptic digests. Talanta 2019; 209:120526. [PMID: 31892036 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A fast and robust approach was developed to fabricate and modify hybrid monolithic columns via two-step photo-initiated reactions. At first, acrylopropyl polyoctahedral silsesquioxane (acryl-POSS) and 3-(triallyl silyl) propyl acrylate (TAPA) were chosen as precursors to synthesize poly (POSS-co-TAPA) monolithic column (monolith I) via photo-initiated free-radical polymerization within 10 min, which left lots of allyl groups on the surface of monolith. Secondly, two thiol-containing compounds, penicillamine and 1-octadecanethiol (ODT), were introduced to modify the prepared poly (POSS-co-TAPA) column via photo-initiated thiol-ene click reaction within 20 min. Finally, three resulting monolithic columns were applied to separate phenolic, anilines and antibiotics mixtures. These mixtures were baseline-separated on the monolith modified with penicillamine (monolith II), exhibiting better selectivity than both pristine monolith I and that modified with ODT (monolith III). Additionally, these columns were further used for separation of tryptic digest of HeLa cells by cLC-MS/MS. The 5071 unique peptides mapped to 2442 proteins were identified from HeLa cells digest on monolith II, which were superior over those on monolith III, but slightly lower than those on monolith I. These results demonstrated that these POSS-containing columns exhibited great separation ability for complex samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shujuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Use of thiol functionalities for the preparation of porous monolithic structures and modulation of their surface chemistry: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
8
|
Varache M, Bezverkhyy I, Weber G, Saviot L, Chassagnon R, Baras F, Bouyer F. Loading of Cisplatin into Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Effect of Surface Functionalization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8984-8995. [PMID: 31244247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin ( cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II), CDDP) plays a crucial role in the treatment of various malignant tumors. However, its clinical efficacy and applicability are restricted by issues of toxicity and resistance. Here, for drug delivery purposes, the outer surface of MCM-41 mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) was functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) ( Mw = 10 000 g/mol) or low-molecular-weight ( Mw = 1800 g/mol) branched polyethyleneimine (PEI). Given the strong affinity of sulfur for platinum, thiol-functionalized MSNs were synthesized for comparison by co-condensation with (3-mercaptopropyl)triethoxysilane. CDDP loading was performed either by adsorption or impregnation in aqueous media without the use of dimethyl sulfoxide as a solubilizer. CDDP loading capacities obtained by impregnation were higher than those obtained by adsorption and varied from 3.9 to 16.1 wt %, depending on the functional group. Loaded nanomaterials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy-high-angle annular dark-field, and Raman spectroscopy. Depending on the functional groups, platinum-based species were either dispersed in the nanomaterials as nanocrystals or uniformly distributed as molecular species. The spectral signature of CDDP was strongly modified when platinum species were homogeneously distributed within the nanomaterials. Preliminary drug release studies performed at 37 °C showed that the behavior of CDDP-loaded MSNs strongly depends on the nature of the present functional groups. Among the functionalization routes investigated in this paper, PEI-based functionalization showed the most promising results for further applications in controlled drug release with the absence of burst release and a sustained release over 72 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Varache
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 Avenue Alain Savary , BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex , France
| | - Igor Bezverkhyy
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 Avenue Alain Savary , BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex , France
| | - Guy Weber
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 Avenue Alain Savary , BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex , France
| | - Lucien Saviot
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 Avenue Alain Savary , BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex , France
| | - Rémi Chassagnon
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 Avenue Alain Savary , BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex , France
| | - Florence Baras
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 Avenue Alain Savary , BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex , France
| | - Frédéric Bouyer
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 Avenue Alain Savary , BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex , France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kip Ç, Liu S, Fu X, Tuncel A, Lämmerhofer M. In-situ photopolymerized C4-functionalized organosilicon monoliths for reversed-phase protein separation in nano-liquid chromatography. Talanta 2019; 198:330-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
10
|
On-line trapping/capillary hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for sensitive determination of RNA modifications from human blood. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
11
|
Liu Z, Jiang P, Huang G, Yan X, Li XF. Silica Monolith Nested in Sponge (SiMNS): A Composite Monolith as a New Solid Phase Extraction Material for Environmental Analysis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3659-3666. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshan Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Ping Jiang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Guang Huang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xiaowen Yan
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fast preparation of hybrid monolithic columns via photo-initiated thiol-yne polymerization for capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1538:8-16. [PMID: 29395162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although several approaches have been developed to fabricate hybrid monoliths, it would still take a few hours to finish the formation of monoliths. Herein, photo-initiated thiol-yne polymerization was first adopted to in situ fabricate hybrid monoliths within the confines of UV-transparent fused-silica capillary. A silicon-containing diyne (1,3-diethynyltetramethyl-disiloxane, DYDS) was copolymerized with three multithiols, 1,6-hexanedithiol, trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) and pentaerythriol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate), by using a binary porogenic system of diethylene glycol diethyl ether (DEGDE)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG200) within 10 min. Several characterizations of three hybrid monoliths (assigned as I, II and III, respectively) were performed. The results showed that these hybrid monoliths possessed bicontinuous porous structure, which was remarkably different from that via typical free-radical polymerization. The highest column efficiency of 76,000 plates per meter for butylbenzene was obtained on the column I in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). It was observed that the efficiencies for strong-retained butylbenzene were almost close to those of weak-retained benzene, indicating a retention-independent efficient performance of small molecules on hybrid column I. The surface area of this hybrid monolith was very small in the dry state (less than 10.0 m2/g), and the chromatographic behavior of hybrid monolithic columns would be possibly explained by radical-mediated step-growth process of thiol-yne polymerization. Finally, the column I was applied for separation of BSA tryptic digest by cLC-MS/MS, indicating satisfactory separation ability for complicated samples.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang J, Shen S, Lu X, Ye F. One-pot preparation of an organic polymer monolith by thiol-ene click chemistry for capillary electrochromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3144-3152. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin P.R. China
| | - Shufen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin P.R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin P.R. China
| | - Fanggui Ye
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science; Guangxi Normal University; Guilin P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu C, Li H, Wang Q, Crommen J, Zhou H, Jiang Z. Preparation and evaluation of 400μm I.D. polymer-based hydrophilic interaction chromatography monolithic columns with high column efficiency. J Chromatogr A 2017. [PMID: 28629939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The quest for higher column efficiency is one of the major research areas in polymer-based monolithic column fabrication. In this research, two novel polymer-based HILIC monolithic columns with 400μm I.D.×800μm O.D. were prepared based on the thermally initiated co-polymerization of N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-methacrylamidopropyl)-N-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium betaine (SPP) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) or N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). In order to obtain a satisfactory performance in terms of column permeability, mechanical stability, efficiency and selectivity, the polymerization parameters were systematically optimized. Column efficiencies as high as 142, 000 plates/m and 120, 000 plates/m were observed for the analysis of neutral compounds at 0.6mm/s on the poly(SPP-co-MBA) and poly(SPP-co-EDMA) monoliths, respectively. Furthermore, the Van Deemter plots for thiourea on the two monoliths were compared with that on a commercial silica based ZIC-HILIC column (3.5μm, 200Å, 150mm×300μm I.D.) using ACN/H2O (90/10, v/v) as the mobile phase at room temperature. It was noticeable that the Van Deemter curves for both monoliths, particularly the poly(SPP-co-MBA) monolith, are significantly flatter than that obtained for the ZIC-HILIC column, which indicates that in spite of their larger internal diameters, they yield better overall efficiency, with less peak dispersion, across a much wider range of usable linear velocities. A clearly better separation performance was also observed for nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and small peptides on the poly(SPP-co-MBA) monolith compared to the ZIC-HILIC column. It is particularly worth mentioning that these 400μm I.D. polymer-based HILIC monolithic columns exhibit enhanced mechanical strength owing to the thicker capillary wall of the fused-silica capillaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chusheng Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Haibin Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiqin Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jacques Crommen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Liege, CHU B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhengjin Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang H, Hu W, Zheng Q, Bian W, Lin Z. One-pot preparation of mercaptotetrazole-silica hybrid monoliths by the thiol-ene click reaction for mixed-mode capillary liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2344-2354. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haojiang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Wenli Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety; College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Qiong Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety; College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Wei Bian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety; College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Functionalization of hybrid monolithic columns via thiol-ene click reaction for proteomics analysis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1498:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
17
|
Wolter M, Lämmerhofer M. In-situ functionalized monolithic polysiloxane-polymethacrylate composite materials from polythiol-ene double click reaction in capillary column format for enantioselective nano-high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1497:172-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
18
|
Zeng J, Liu S, Wang M, Yao S, Chen Y. The synthesis of weak acidic type hybrid monolith via thiol-ene click chemistry and its application in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1325-1333. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Shengquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Menglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Shouzhuo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Yingzhuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education; Hunan Normal University; Changsha P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Solid supports for extraction and preconcentration of proteins and peptides in microfluidic devices: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 955:1-26. [PMID: 28088276 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Determination of proteins and peptides is among the main challenges of today's bioanalytical chemistry. The application of microchip technology in this field is an exhaustively developed concept that aims to create integrated and fully automated analytical devices able to quantify or detect one or several proteins from a complex matrix. Selective extraction and preconcentration of targeted proteins and peptides especially from biological fluids is of the highest importance for a successful realization of these microsystems. Incorporation of solid structures or supports is a convenient solution employed to face these demands. This review presents a critical view on the latest achievements in sample processing techniques for protein determination using solid supports in microfluidics. The study covers the period from 2006 to 2015 and focuses mainly on the strategies based on microbeads, monolithic materials and membranes. Less common approaches are also briefly discussed. The reviewed literature suggests future trends which are discussed in the concluding remarks.
Collapse
|
20
|
Rathnasekara R, Khadka S, Jonnada M, El Rassi Z. Polar and nonpolar organic polymer-based monolithic columns for capillary electrochromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:60-79. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Murthy Jonnada
- Department of Chemistry; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater OK USA
| | - Ziad El Rassi
- Department of Chemistry; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater OK USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zajickova Z. Advances in the development and applications of organic–silica hybrid monoliths. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:25-48. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Zajickova
- Department of Physical Sciences Barry University Miami Shores FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Comprehensive profiling of ribonucleosides modification by affinity zirconium oxide-silica composite monolithic column online solid–phase microextraction – Mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1462:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
23
|
Hong T, Yang X, Xu Y, Ji Y. Recent advances in the preparation and application of monolithic capillary columns in separation science. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 931:1-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
24
|
Qiao L, Shi X, Xu G. Recent advances in development and characterization of stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
25
|
Ikegami T, Tanaka N. Recent Progress in Monolithic Silica Columns for High-Speed and High-Selectivity Separations. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:317-342. [PMID: 27306311 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Monolithic silica columns have greater (through-pore size)/(skeleton size) ratios than particulate columns and fixed support structures in a column for chemical modification, resulting in high-efficiency columns and stationary phases. This review looks at how the size range of monolithic silica columns has been expanded, how high-efficiency monolithic silica columns have been realized, and how various methods of silica surface functionalization, leading to selective stationary phases, have been developed on monolithic silica supports, and provides information on the current status of these columns. Also discussed are the practical aspects of monolithic silica columns, including how their versatility can be improved by the preparation of small-sized structural features (sub-micron) and columns (1 mm ID or smaller) and by optimizing reaction conditions for in situ chemical modification with various restrictions, with an emphasis on recent research results for both topics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ikegami
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan;
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Silica-based polypeptide-monolithic stationary phase for hydrophilic chromatography and chiral separation. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1446:125-33. [PMID: 27083263 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH)-, somatostatin acetate (ST)- and ovomucoid (OV)-functionalized silica-monolithic stationary phases were designed and synthesized for HILIC and chiral separation using capillary electrochromatography (CEC). GSH, ST and OV were covalently incorporated into the silica skeleton via the epoxy ring-opening reaction between their amino groups and the glycidyl moiety in γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) together with polycondensation and copolymerization of tetramethyloxysilane and GPTMS. Not only could the direction and electroosmotic flow magnitude on the prepared GSH-, ST- and OV-silica hybrid monolithic stationary phases be controlled by the pH of the mobile phase, but also a typical HILIC behavior was observed so that the nucleotides and HPLC peptide standard mixture could be baseline separated using an aqueous mobile phase without any acetonitrile during CEC. Moreover, the prepared monolithic columns had a chiral separation ability to separate dl-amino acids. The OV-silica hybrid monolithic column was most effective in chiral separation and could separate dl-glutamic acid (Glu) (the resolution R=1.07), dl-tyrosine (Tyr) (1.57) and dl-histidine (His) (1.06). Importantly, the chiral separation ability of the GSH-silica hybrid monolithic column could be remarkably enhanced when using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to fabricate an AuNP-mediated GSH-AuNP-GSH-silica hybrid monolithic column. The R of dl-Glu, dl-Tyr and dl-His reached 1.19, 1.60 and 2.03. This monolithic column was thus applied to separate drug enantiomers, and quantitative separation of all four R/S drug enantiomers were achieved with R ranging from 4.36 to 5.64. These peptide- and protein-silica monolithic stationary phases with typical HILIC separation behavior and chiral separation ability implied their promise for the analysis of not only the future metabolic studies, but also drug enantiomers recognition.
Collapse
|
27
|
One-pot synthesis of a new high vinyl content hybrid silica monolith dedicated to nanoliquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:842-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
28
|
El-Debs R, Cadoux F, Bois L, Bonhommé A, Randon J, Dugas V, Demesmay C. Synthesis and Surface Reactivity of Vinylized Macroporous Silica Monoliths: One-Pot Hybrid versus Postsynthesis Grafting Strategies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:11649-11658. [PMID: 26451684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Different synthesis routes have been implemented to prepare macroporous monoliths with vinyl pendant groups and micrometric skeletons and through-pore sizes. A standard process combining the synthesis of a widely used (methyltrimethoxysilane/tetramethoxysilane) (MTMS/TMOS) hybrid silica monolith and the postsilanization with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) was used as reference material (Vgr-MTMS). An alternative "one-pot" procedure was used to obtain vinylized hybrid monoliths. Two VTMS/TMOS hybrid based monoliths were successfully prepared starting from 20% (w) and 80% (w/w) of VTMS, respectively, called 20-VTMS and 80-VTMS. Monoliths were characterized by SEM, nitrogen-adsorption isotherm, and (29)Si MAS NMR spectroscopy. One-pot synthesis allowed to obtain higher vinyl contents (15.9 and 61.5 mol % of Si atoms bonded to vinyl groups respectively for 20-VTMS and 80-VTMS) than for the postgrafted one (7.1%). Accessibility of vinyl groups was determined by the extent of bromination reactions followed by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. Bromination with reaction yields were higher than 80% for all materials (80%, 85%, and 100% for 80-VTMS, 20-VTMS, and Vgr-MTMS respectively), with no diffusion issues The chemical reactivity of the pendant vinyl groups was investigated through radical-mediated thiol-ene reaction and radical-initiated bisulfite addition. Reaction yields for the two VTMS hybrid monoliths were quite lower (4-6%) than those obtained (about 50%) for the Vgr-MTMS monolith. The difference in reactivity was attributed to the steric hindrance of the vinyl moieties at the surface of hybrid materials. However, the lower reactivity of vinyl groups is compensated by their considerably higher surface density. Thus, hybrid monoliths are advantageous over their grafted counterparts, due to their higher hydrolytic stability and to the greater simplicity of the one-pot process. A chromatographic application exemplifies their interest and performances in separation science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Racha El-Debs
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon , UMR CNRS 5280, 5, rue de la DOUA, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck Cadoux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon , UMR CNRS 5280, 5, rue de la DOUA, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurence Bois
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Université de Lyon , UMR CNRS 5615, 2, Avenue Grignard, 69622 Villeurbanne, cedex, France
| | - Anne Bonhommé
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon , UMR CNRS 5280, 5, rue de la DOUA, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jérôme Randon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon , UMR CNRS 5280, 5, rue de la DOUA, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Dugas
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon , UMR CNRS 5280, 5, rue de la DOUA, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Claire Demesmay
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon , UMR CNRS 5280, 5, rue de la DOUA, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jiang HP, Zhu JX, Peng C, Gao J, Zheng F, Xiao YX, Feng YQ, Yuan BF. Facile one-pot synthesis of a aptamer-based organic-silica hybrid monolithic capillary column by "thiol-ene" click chemistry for detection of enantiomers of chemotherapeutic anthracyclines. Analyst 2015; 139:4940-6. [PMID: 25072056 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00767k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we developed a facile strategy for the one-pot synthesis of an aptamer-based organic-silica hybrid monolithic capillary column. A 5'-SH-modified aptamer, specifically targeting doxorubicin, was covalently modified in the hybrid silica monolithic column by a sol-gel method combined with "thiol-ene" click reaction. The prepared monolithic column had good stability and permeability, large specific surface, and showed excellent selectivity towards chemotherapeutic anthracyclines of doxorubicin and epirubicin. In addition, the enantiomers of doxorubicin and epirubicin can be easily separated by aptamer-based affinity monolithic capillary liquid chromatography. Furthermore, doxorubicin and epirubicin spiked in serum and urine were also successfully determined, which suggested that the complex biological matrix had a negligible effect on the detection of doxorubicin and epirubicin. Finally, we quantified the concentration of epirubicin in the serum of breast cancer patients treated with epirubicin by intravenous injection. The developed analytical method is cost-effective and rapid, and biological samples can be directly analyzed without any tedious sample pretreatment, which is extremely useful for monitoring medicines in serum and urine for pharmacokinetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang Z, Hao YH, Ding J, Xu SN, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. One-pot preparation of a mixed-mode organic-silica hybrid monolithic capillary column and its application in determination of endogenous gibberellins in plant tissues. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1416:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
31
|
Alves F, Nischang I. Radical-mediated step-growth: Preparation of hybrid polymer monolithic columns with fine control of nanostructural and chromatographic characteristics. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1412:112-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
32
|
Xiong J, Jiang HP, Peng CY, Deng QY, Lan MD, Zeng H, Zheng F, Feng YQ, Yuan BF. DNA hydroxymethylation age of human blood determined by capillary hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Clin Epigenetics 2015. [PMID: 26207150 PMCID: PMC4511989 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is a complex phenomenon and characterized by a progressive decline in physiology and function of adult tissues. However, it hasn’t been well established of the correlation between aging and global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation that regulate the growth and development of higher organisms. Results We developed an on-line trapping/capillary hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method for ultra-sensitive and simultaneous quantification of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in genomic DNA from human blood. Limits of detection for 5-mC and 5-hmC were 0.04 and 0.13 fmol, respectively. The imprecision and recovery of the method were determined with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) and relative errors being <11.2 and 14.0 %, respectively. We analyzed the contents of 5-mC and 5-hmC in genomic DNA of blood from 238 healthy people aged from 1 to 82 years. The results showed that 5-hmC content was significantly decreased and highly correlated with aging process, while 5-mC only showed slight correlation with age. We then established a DNA hydroxymethylation age model according to 5-hmC content with a mean absolute deviation (MAD) of approximate 8.9 years. We also calculated the mean relative error (MRE) using the predicted ages based on the age model and the chronological ages. The results showed that the MRE was 18.3 % for samples with ages from 20 to 82 years (95 % confidence interval, N = 190). Conclusions The global DNA hydroxymethylation represents a strong and reproducible mark of chronological age, which could be potentially applied in health assessment and prevention of diseases. The identification of biological or environmental factors that influence DNA hydroxymethylation aging rate may permit quantitative assessments of their impacts on health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0109-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Han-Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Chun-Yan Peng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Qian-Yun Deng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Meng-Dan Lan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Huan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Bi-Feng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kip Ç, Erkakan D, Gökaltun A, Çelebi B, Tuncel A. Synthesis of a reactive polymethacrylate capillary monolith and its use as a starting material for the preparation of a stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1396:86-97. [PMID: 25900740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate), poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) capillary monolith was proposed as a reactive starting material with tailoring flexibility for the preparation of monolithic stationary phases. The reactive capillary monolith was synthesized by free radical copolymerization of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA-Cl) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA). The mean pore size, the specific surface area and the permeability of poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monoliths were controlled by adjusting porogen/monomer volume ratio, porogen composition and polymerization temperature. The porogen/monomer volume ratio was found as the most effective factor controlling the porous properties of poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monolith. Triethanolamine (TEA-OH) functionalized polymethacrylate monoliths were prepared by using the reactive chloropropyl group of poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monolith via one-pot and simple post-functionalization process. Poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monolith reacted with TEA-OH was evaluated as a stationary phase in nano-hydrophilic interaction chromatography (nano-HILIC). Nucleotides, nucleosides and benzoic acid derivatives were satisfactorily separated with the plate heights up to 20μm. TEA-OH attached-poly(HPMA-Cl-co-EDMA) monolith showed a reproducible and stable retention behaviour in nano-HILIC runs. However, a decrease in the column performance (i.e. an increase in the plate height) was observed with the increasing retention factor. Hence "retention-dependent column efficiency" behaviour was shown for HILIC mode using the chromatographic data collected with the polymer based monolith synthesized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Kip
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Damla Erkakan
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Gökaltun
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Çelebi
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Tuncel
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department, Beytepe/Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Division of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xie Y, Zhang X, Han Q, Wan W, Ding M. One-step synthesis of sub-2 μm vinyl functionalized silica sphere as stationary phase for liquid chromatography. Talanta 2015; 134:425-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
35
|
Jiang HP, Qi CB, Chu JM, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Profiling of cis-diol-containing nucleosides and ribosylated metabolites by boronate-affinity organic-silica hybrid monolithic capillary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7785. [PMID: 25585609 PMCID: PMC4293604 DOI: 10.1038/srep07785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA contains a large number of modified nucleosides. In the metabolic re-exchange of RNA, modified nucleosides cannot be recycled and are thus excreted from cells into biological fluids. Determination of endogenous modified nucleosides in biological fluids may serve as non-invasive cancers diagnostic methods. Here we prepared boronate-affinity organic-silica hybrid capillary monolithic column (BOHCMC) that exhibited excellent selectivity toward the cis-diol-containing compounds. We then used the prepared BOHCMC as the on-line solid-phase microextraction (SPME) column and developed an on-line SPME-LC-MS/MS method to comprehensively profile cis-diol-containing nucleosides and ribosylated metabolites in human urine. Forty-five cis-diol-containing nucleosides and ribosylated metabolites were successfully identified in human urine. And five ribose conjugates, for the first time, were identified existence in human urine in the current study. Furthermore, the relative quantification suggested 4 cis-diol-containing compounds (5′-deoxy-5′-methylthioadensine, N4-acetylcytidine, 1-ribosyl-N-propionylhistamine and N2,N2,7-trimethylguanosine) increased more than 1.5 folds in all the 3 types of examined cancers (lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and nasopharyngeal cancer) compared to healthy controls. The on-line SPME-LC-MS/MS method demonstrates a promising method for the comprehensive profiling of cis-diol-containing ribose conjugates in human urines, which provides an efficient strategy for the identification and discovery of biomarkers and may be used for the screening of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chu-Bo Qi
- 1] Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China [2] Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jie-Mei Chu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bi-Feng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shen S, Ye F, Zhang C, Xiong Y, Su L, Zhao S. Preparation of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane based hybrid monoliths by thiol-ene click chemistry for capillary liquid chromatography. Analyst 2015; 140:265-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01668h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile organic–silica hybrid monolith was prepared by a thiol-ene click reaction of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane methacryl substituted (POSS-MA) with 1,4-bis(mercaptoacetoxy) butane (BMAB) using toluene and dodecanol as a porogenic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Shen
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Fanggui Ye
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Xiong
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Linjing Su
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Preparation and evaluation of a novel hybrid monolithic column based on pentafluorobenzyl imidazolium bromide ionic liquid. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1375:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
38
|
Lin H, Ou J, Liu Z, Wang H, Dong J, Zou H. Facile construction of macroporous hybrid monoliths via thiol-methacrylate Michael addition click reaction for capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1379:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
39
|
Ou J, Liu Z, Wang H, Lin H, Dong J, Zou H. Recent development of hybrid organic-silica monolithic columns in CEC and capillary LC. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:62-75. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Ou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Jing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
| | - Hanfa Zou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Dalian China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
He XM, Zhu GT, Zhu YY, Chen X, Zhang Z, Wang ST, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Facile preparation of biocompatible sulfhydryl cotton fiber-based sorbents by "thiol-ene" click chemistry for biological analysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:17857-17864. [PMID: 25268138 DOI: 10.1021/am505876b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfhydryl cotton fiber (SCF) has been widely used as adsorbent for a variety of metal ions since 1971. Thanks to the abundant thiols on SCF, in this study, we reported a universal method for the facile preparation of SCF-based materials using "thiol-ene" click chemistry for the first time. With the proposed method, two types of SCF-based materials, phenylboronic acid grafted sulfhydryl cotton fiber (SCF-PBA) and zirconium phosphonate-modified sulfhydryl cotton fiber (SCF-pVPA-Zr(4+)), were successfully prepared. The grafted functional groups onto the thiol group of SCF were demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The prepared fibrous materials exhibited excellent fiber strength, good stability in aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, and great biocompatibility. Moreover, we developed filter-free in-pipet-tip SPE using these SCF-based materials as adsorbent for the enrichment of ribonucleosides, glycopeptides and phosphopeptides. Our results showed that SCF-PBA adsorbent can selectively capture ribonucleosides and glycopeptides from complex biological samples. And SCF-pVPA-Zr(4+) adsorbent exhibited high selectivity and capacity in the enrichment of phosphopeptides from the digestion mixture of β-casein and bovine serum albumin (BSA), as well as human serum and nonfat milk digest. Generally, the preparation strategy can be a universal method for the synthesis of other functionalized cotton-based adsorbents with special requirement in microscale biological analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Marechal A, Laaniste A, El-Debs R, Dugas V, Demesmay C. Versatile ene-thiol photoclick reaction for preparation of multimodal monolithic silica capillary columns. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1365:140-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
42
|
Jung C, Krumova M, Mecking S. Hybrid nanoparticles by step-growth Sonogashira coupling in disperse systems. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9905-9910. [PMID: 25126706 DOI: 10.1021/la502691b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles were prepared by a Sonogashira miniemulsion polymerization of dibromo aryl and diethynyl aryl monomers and modified titanium dioxide and cadmium selenide nanocrystals, respectively. The poly(arylene ethynylene) microstructure and polymerization rates, as reflected by monomer reactivity, decisively impact whether inorganic guest particles can be trapped to afford a uniform distribution within a newly formed polymer particle or phase separate. This issue was found to be more critical for the TiO2 rods studied here. To this end, the compatibility of the organic and inorganic portions could be improved substantially by the incorporation of functional groups that bind the inorganic surface to the polymer via an appropriate termonomer. This concept, in combination with rapid particle formation via a postpolymerization dispersion of a premade poly(arylene ethynylene)/TiO2 composite as an alternative technique, yielded composite particles with a high loading of the inorganic nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jung
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz , Universitätstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Laaniste A, Marechal A, El-Debs R, Randon J, Dugas V, Demesmay C. “Thiol-ene” photoclick chemistry as a rapid and localizable functionalization pathway for silica capillary monolithic columns. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1355:296-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
44
|
Lin Z, Tan X, Yu R, Lin J, Yin X, Zhang L, Yang H. One-pot preparation of glutathione-silica hybrid monolith for mixed-mode capillary liquid chromatography based on "thiol-ene" click chemistry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1355:228-37. [PMID: 24973032 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel glutathione (GSH)-silica hybrid monolithic column synthesized via a combination of thiol-ene click reaction and one-pot process was described, where thiol-end GSH organic monomer and 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were mixed with hydrolyzed tetramethyloxysilane (TMOS) and γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MAPS) and then introduced into a fused-silica capillary for simultaneous polycondensation and "thiol-ene" click reaction to form the GSH-silica hybrid monolith. The effects of the molar ratio of TMOS/γ-MAPS, the amount of GSH, and the volume of porogen on the morphology, permeability and pore properties of the prepared GSH-silica hybrid monoliths were studied in detail. A uniform monolithic network with high porosity was obtained. A series of test compounds including alkylbenzenes, amides, and anilines were used to evaluate the retention behaviors of the GSH-silica hybrid monolithic column. The results demonstrated that the prepared GSH-silica hybrid monolith exhibited multiple interactions including hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, as well as cation exchange interaction. The run-to-run, column-to-column and batch-to-batch reproducibilities of the GSH-silica hybrid monolith for phenols' retention were satisfactory with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 1.3% (n=5), 2.6% (n=3) and 3.2% (n=3), respectively, indicating the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method. In addition, the GSH-silica hybrid monolith was applied to the separation of nucleotides, peptides and protein tryptic digests, respectively. The successful applications suggested the potential of the GSH-silica hybrid monolith in complex sample analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Ruifang Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Jiashi Lin
- College of Physical Education, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaofei Yin
- The First Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China.
| | - Huanghao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Preparation of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-based hybrid monolith by ring-opening polymerization and post-functionalization via thiol-ene click reaction. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1342:70-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
46
|
Photopolymerization of acrylamide as a new functionalization way of silica monoliths for hydrophilic interaction chromatography and coated silica capillaries for capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1326:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
47
|
Guan X, Zhao C, Liu X, Zhang H. Hyperbranched polymers containing stereocontorted cores as on-line solid-phase microextraction adsorbent for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1302:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
48
|
Lin X, Zheng N, Wang J, Wang X, Zheng Y, Xie Z. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-based multifunctional organic–silica hybrid monoliths. Analyst 2013; 138:5555-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01243c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|