1
|
Dos-Reis-Delgado AA, Carmona-Dominguez A, Sosa-Avalos G, Jimenez-Saaib IH, Villegas-Cantu KE, Gallo-Villanueva RC, Perez-Gonzalez VH. Recent advances and challenges in temperature monitoring and control in microfluidic devices. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:268-297. [PMID: 36205631 PMCID: PMC10092670 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is a critical-yet sometimes overlooked-parameter in microfluidics. Microfluidic devices can experience heating inside their channels during operation due to underlying physicochemical phenomena occurring therein. Such heating, whether required or not, must be monitored to ensure adequate device operation. Therefore, different techniques have been developed to measure and control temperature in microfluidic devices. In this contribution, the operating principles and applications of these techniques are reviewed. Temperature-monitoring instruments revised herein include thermocouples, thermistors, and custom-built temperature sensors. Of these, thermocouples exhibit the widest operating range; thermistors feature the highest accuracy; and custom-built temperature sensors demonstrate the best transduction. On the other hand, temperature control methods can be classified as external- or integrated-methods. Within the external methods, microheaters are shown to be the most adequate when working with biological samples, whereas Peltier elements are most useful in applications that require the development of temperature gradients. In contrast, integrated methods are based on chemical and physical properties, structural arrangements, which are characterized by their low fabrication cost and a wide range of applications. The potential integration of these platforms with the Internet of Things technology is discussed as a potential new trend in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerardo Sosa-Avalos
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, Mexico
| | - Ivan H Jimenez-Saaib
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, Mexico
| | - Karen E Villegas-Cantu
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, Mexico
| | | | - Víctor H Perez-Gonzalez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Atapattu SN, Rosenfeld JM. Analytical derivatizations in environmental analysis. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1678:463348. [PMID: 35901668 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Analytical derivatization is a technique that alters the structure of an analyte and produces a product more suitable for analysis. While this process can be time-consuming and add reagents to the procedure, it can also facilitate the isolation of the analyte(s), enhance analytes' stability, improve separation and sensitivity, and reduce matrix interferences. Since derivatization is a functional group analysis, it improves selectivity by separating reactive from neutral compounds during sample preparation. This technique introduces detector-orientated tags into analytes that lack suitable physicochemical properties for detection at low concentrations. Notably, many regulatory bodies, especially those in the environmental field, require these characteristics in analytical methods. This review focuses on note-worthy analytical derivatization methods employed in environmental analyses with functional groups, phenol, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, ketone, and thiol in aqueous, soil, and atmospheric sample matrices. Both advantages and disadvantages of analytical derivatization techniques are discussed. In addition, we discuss the future directions of analytical derivatization methods in environmental analysis and the potential challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pattanayak P, Singh SK, Gulati M, Vishwas S, Kapoor B, Chellappan DK, Anand K, Gupta G, Jha NK, Gupta PK, Prasher P, Dua K, Dureja H, Kumar D, Kumar V. Microfluidic chips: recent advances, critical strategies in design, applications and future perspectives. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2021; 25:99. [PMID: 34720789 PMCID: PMC8547131 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-021-02502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic chip technology is an emerging tool in the field of biomedical application. Microfluidic chip includes a set of groves or microchannels that are engraved on different materials (glass, silicon, or polymers such as polydimethylsiloxane or PDMS, polymethylmethacrylate or PMMA). The microchannels forming the microfluidic chip are interconnected with each other for desired results. This organization of microchannels trapped into the microfluidic chip is associated with the outside by inputs and outputs penetrating through the chip, as an interface between the macro- and miniature world. With the help of a pump and a chip, microfluidic chip helps to determine the behavioral change of the microfluids. Inside the chip, there are microfluidic channels that permit the processing of the fluid, for example, blending and physicochemical responses. Microfluidic chip has numerous points of interest including lesser time and reagent utilization and alongside this, it can execute numerous activities simultaneously. The miniatured size of the chip fastens the reaction as the surface area increases. It is utilized in different biomedical applications such as food safety sensing, peptide analysis, tissue engineering, medical diagnosis, DNA purification, PCR activity, pregnancy, and glucose estimation. In the present study, the design of various microfluidic chips has been discussed along with their biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prapti Pattanayak
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310 India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Plot no. 32-34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310 India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007 India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 12401 India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229 India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Taotao M, Dingzhong W, Yihan Z, Shuo Z, Shihao S, Xiang L, Jianxun Z. Rapid Determination of Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde and Acrolein in Electronic Cigarette Aerosols by Direct Mass Spectrometry with Evaluation of the Toxicity. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1764575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ma Taotao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wang Dingzhong
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhang Yihan
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhang Shuo
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sun Shihao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhang Jianxun
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pang X, Lewis AC, Shaw MD. Analysis of biogenic carbonyl compounds in rainwater by stir bar sorptive extraction technique with chemical derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:753-766. [PMID: 27928898 PMCID: PMC5396284 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stir bar sorptive extraction is a powerful technique for the extraction and analysis of organic compounds in aqueous matrices. Carbonyl compounds are ubiquitous components in rainwater, however, it is a major challenge to accurately identify and sensitively quantify carbonyls from rainwater due to the complex matrix. A stir bar sorptive extraction technique was developed to efficiently extract carbonyls from aqueous samples following chemical derivatization by O‐(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Several commercial stir bars in two sizes were used to simultaneously measure 29 carbonyls in aqueous samples with detection by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. A 100 mL aqueous sample was extracted by stir bars and the analytes on stir bars were desorbed into a 2 mL solvent solution in an ultrasonic bath. The preconcentration Coefficient for different carbonyls varied between 30 and 45 times. The limits of detection of stir bar sorptive extraction with gas chromatography mass spectrometry for carbonyls (10–30 ng/L) were improved by ten times compared with other methods such as gas chromatography with electron capture detection and stir bar sorptive extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The technique was used to determine carbonyls in rainwater samples collected in York, UK, and 20 carbonyl species were quantified including glyoxal, methylglyoxal, isobutenal, 2‐hydroxy ethanal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Pang
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Alastair C Lewis
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK.,National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Marvin D Shaw
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK.,National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Poole JJ, Grandy JJ, Gómez-Ríos GA, Gionfriddo E, Pawliszyn J. Solid Phase Microextraction On-Fiber Derivatization Using a Stable, Portable, and Reusable Pentafluorophenyl Hydrazine Standard Gas Generating Vial. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6859-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justen J. Poole
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jonathan J. Grandy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - German A. Gómez-Ríos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Emanuela Gionfriddo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cong H, Xu X, Yu B, Liu H, Yuan H. Fabrication of universal serial bus flash disk type microfluidic chip electrophoresis and application for protein analysis under ultra low voltage. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:024107. [PMID: 27042249 PMCID: PMC4798985 DOI: 10.1063/1.4943915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple and effective universal serial bus (USB) flash disk type microfluidic chip electrophoresis (MCE) was developed by using poly(dimethylsiloxane) based soft lithography and dry film based printed circuit board etching techniques in this paper. The MCE had a microchannel diameter of 375 μm and an effective length of 25 mm. Equipped with a conventional online electrochemical detector, the device enabled effectively separation of bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, and cytochrome c in 80 s under the ultra low voltage from a computer USB interface. Compared with traditional capillary electrophoresis, the USB flash disk type MCE is not only portable and inexpensive but also fast with high separation efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071, China
| | | | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Peng X, Zhao L, Guo J, Yang S, Ding H, Wang X, Pu Q. Double-helix micro-channels on microfluidic chips for enhanced continuous on-chip derivatization followed by electrophoretic separation. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 72:376-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
9
|
Suliman FO, Al-Busaidi JN, Al-Lawati HA, Al-Kindy SM. Microfluidic Precolumn Derivatization of Environmental Phenols with Coumarin-6-Sulfonyl Chloride and HPLC Separation. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1379-85. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
10
|
Microfluidic derivatisation technique for determination of gaseous molecular iodine with GC-MS. Talanta 2015; 137:214-9. [PMID: 25770627 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gaseous molecular iodine (I2) is an important source of reactive iodine in the marine atmosphere, but the sources of I2 are not well understood due to the lack of an easily accessible, sensitive and robust technique for analysis. In this study a microfluidic derivatisation technique combined with GC-MS has been developed to measure gaseous I2. Good linearity in the range of 0.2-416 ppb and low detection limits varying from 6 to 25 ppt for different derivatisation reagents have been achieved, which is a substantial improvement in sensitivity compared with the spectrophotometric method (detection limit of 1.20 ppb) in our previous study [L.J. Carpenter, S.M. MacDonald, M.D. Shaw, R. Kumar, R.W. Saunders, R. Parthipan, J. Wilson, J.M.C. Plane, Nature Geoscience, 6 (2013) 108-111]. The microfluidic technique was employed to quantify I2 produced from the heterogeneous reactions of potassium iodide solution and ozone. Good agreement was observed between the results of the microfluidic technique and the simulation of a coupled surface water-air kinetic model in the amount of I2 produced on the ozonolysis of iodide solutions.
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Miscible Organic Solvents Soak Bonding Method Use in a PMMA Multilayer Microfluidic Device. MICROMACHINES 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/mi5041416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|