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Gautam SS, Singh SP. Immunopurification Reagents and Their Application in Biologics and Biomarker Quantitation Using LC-MS/MS in Drug Discovery. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:799-805. [PMID: 36469494 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The LC-MS/MS technology is one of the most utilized bio-analytical tools owing to its advantage of selectivity, sensitivity and multitasking. The advent of novel biological therapies and increasing demand for protein biomarker identification and quantitation have put the LC-MS/MS technology at the forefront. The questions which are been posed to the LC-MS/MS scientist are complex. The complexity of the question increases further with the matrices in which these questions need to be answered. To bring down the complexity of the analysis, LC-MS/MS technology is utilizing the immunopurification (IP) technique as the new sample preparation technique. The IP reagents are the most common reagents which are used to decrease the matrices' complexity and allow the LC-MS/MS system to reach greater sensitivity. The utilization of these reagents is increasing every day, but the proper utilization of these reagents is still unknown to the common analyst in drug discovery. The present review throws light on the utilization aspect of these reagents, as we have classified these reagents on basis of their utilization, which will allow the readers to gain an understanding of these reagents. This review will also talk about the merits and the demerits of each approach and the current understanding of utilizing these reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashyendra Singh Gautam
- Toxicokinetics Laboratory/Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 200102, India
- Biocon-Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Centre, Syngene International Ltd, Bangalore 560100, India
| | - Sheelendra Pratap Singh
- Toxicokinetics Laboratory/Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 200102, India
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2
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Amrani ME, Gerencser L, Huitema ADR, Hack CE, van Luin M, van der Elst KCM. A generic sample preparation method for the multiplex analysis of seven therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in human plasma or serum with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1655:462489. [PMID: 34509691 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing number of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used in the clinic, there is an increasing need for robust analytical methods to quantify total mAb concentrations in human plasma for clinical studies and therapeutic drug monitoring. We developed an easy, rapid, and robust sample preparation method for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The method was validated for infliximab (IFX), rituximab (RTX), cetuximab (CTX), dupilumab (DPL), dinutuximab (DNX), vedolizumab (VDZ), and emicizumab (EMZ). Saturated ammonium sulfate (AS) was used to precipitate immunoglobulins in human plasma. After centrifugation, supernatant containing albumin was decanted, and the precipitated immunoglobulin fraction was re-dissolved in buffer containing 6M guanidine. This fraction was then completely denatured, reduced, alkylated, and trypsin digested. Finally, signature peptides from the seven mAbs were simultaneously quantified on LC-MS/MS together with their internal standards stable isotopically labeled peptide counterparts. The linear dynamic ranges (1 - 512 mg/L) of IFX, CTX, RTX, and EMZ showed excellent (R2 > 0.999) linearity and those of DPL, DNX, and VDZ showed good (R2 > 0.995) linearity. The method was validated in accordance with the EMA guidelines. EDTA plasma, sodium citrate plasma, heparin plasma, and serum yielded similar results. Prepared samples were stable at room temperature (20°C) and at 5°C for 3 days, and showed no decline in concentration for all tested mAbs. This described method, which has the advantage of an easy, rapid, and robust pre-analytical sample preparation, can be used as a template to quantify other mAbs in human plasma or serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin El Amrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Laszlo Gerencser
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C Erik Hack
- Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs van Luin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kim C M van der Elst
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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3
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Bioanalytical methods for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates: A review of recent advances and future perspectives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 179:112991. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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El Amrani M, Donners AAM, Hack CE, Huitema ADR, van Maarseveen EM. Six-step workflow for the quantification of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in biological matrices with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry - A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1080:22-34. [PMID: 31409472 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The promising pipeline of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) demands robust bioanalytical methods with swift development times for pharmacokinetic studies. Over the past decades ligand binding assays were the methods of choice for absolute quantification. However, the production of the required anti-idiotypic antibodies and ligands limits high-throughput method development for sensitive, accurate, and reproducible quantification of therapeutic mAbs. In recent years, high-resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS) systems have enabled absolute quantification of therapeutic mAbs with short method development times. These systems have additional benefits, such as a large linear dynamic range, a high specificity and the option of multiplexing. Here, we briefly discuss the current strategies for the quantification of therapeutic mAbs in biological matrices using LC-MS analysis based on top-down and middle-down quantitative proteomics. Then, we present the widely used bottom-up method in a six-step workflow, which can be used as guidance for quantitative LC-MS/MS method development of mAbs. Finally, strengths and weaknesses of the bottom-up method, which currently provides the most benefits, are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin El Amrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Anouk A M Donners
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C Erik Hack
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik M van Maarseveen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. https://www.umcutrecht.nl
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HASHII N, UTOH M, OHTSU Y, KATO N, GODA R, GOTO R, SHIMIZU H, TAKAMURA F, HOSHINO M, MABUCHI M, YAMAGUCHI T, ISHII-WATABE A, KATORI N. Bioanalytical Quantification of Therapeutic Antibodies by Liquid Chromatography/mass Spectrometry. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2018. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2017.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nozomu KATO
- Translational Research Department, Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Masanari MABUCHI
- DMPK Research Laboratories, Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp
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Qu M, An B, Shen S, Zhang M, Shen X, Duan X, Balthasar JP, Qu J. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of protein biotherapeutics with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:734-754. [PMID: 27097288 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the advancement of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) techniques has enabled their broad application in protein characterization, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Owing to certain important merits of LC/MS techniques (e.g., high selectivity, flexibility, and rapid method development), LC/MS assays are often deemed as preferable alternatives to conventional methods (e.g., ligand-binding assays) for the analysis of protein biotherapeutics. At the discovery and development stages, LC/MS is generally employed for two purposes absolute quantification of protein biotherapeutics in biological samples and qualitative characterization of proteins. For absolute quantification of a target protein in bio-matrices, recent work has led to improvements in the efficiency of LC/MS method development, sample treatment, enrichment and digestion, and high-performance low-flow-LC separation. These advances have enhanced analytical sensitivity, specificity, and robustness. As to qualitative analysis, a range of techniques have been developed to characterize intramolecular disulfide bonds, glycosylation, charge variants, primary sequence heterogeneity, and the drug-to-antibody ratio of antibody drug conjugate (ADC), which has enabled a refined ability to assess product quality. In this review, we will focus on the discussion of technical challenges and strategies of LC/MS-based quantification and characterization of biotherapeutics, with the emphasis on the analysis of antibody-based biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and ADCs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:734-754, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Bo An
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Xiaomeng Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
| | - Xiaotao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Joseph P Balthasar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14203
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Novel strategy using tryptic peptide immunoaffinity-based LC–MS/MS to quantify denosumab in monkey serum. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1451-1463. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Denosumab is a recombinant fully human IgG2 that has a high affinity and specificity for human RANKL. Commercially available RANKL labeled with an Fc fragment cannot be used to establish an indirect ELISA. To characterize denosumab pharmacokinetic a robust and accuracy method should be developed urgently. Results: In this study, an immunoaffinity enrichment method coupled with LC–MS/MS was established. The LC–MS/MS method acquired a linear range from 0.1 to 30 μg/ml. The intra- and inter-run precision (CV%) was within 11.5 and 10.5%, respectively. More importantly, the LC–MS/MS pharmacokinetic data were consistent with ELISA. Conclusion: This approach accelerated the quantification, reduced the costs and provided an alternative in case of lacking the special antigen to denosumab or a RANKL-biotinylated reagent.
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8
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2016 White Paper on recent issues in bioanalysis: focus on biomarker assay validation (BAV): (Part 2 – Hybrid LBA/LCMS and input from regulatory agencies). Bioanalysis 2016; 8:2457-2474. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-4988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2016 10th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (10th WRIB) took place in Orlando, Florida with participation of close to 700 professionals from pharmaceutical/biopharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, contract research organizations, and regulatory agencies worldwide. WRIB was once again a 5-day, weeklong event – A Full Immersion Week of Bioanalysis including Biomarkers and Immunogenicity. As usual, it is specifically designed to facilitate sharing, reviewing, discussing and agreeing on approaches to address the most current issues of interest including both small and large molecules involving LCMS, hybrid LBA/LCMS, and LBA approaches, with the focus on biomarkers and immunogenicity. This 2016 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop, and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. This White Paper is published in 3 parts due to length. This part (Part 2) discusses the recommendations for Hybrid LBA/LCMS and regulatory inputs from major global health authorities. Parts 1 (small molecule bioanalysis using LCMS) and Part 3 (large molecule bioanalysis using LBA, biomarkers and immunogenicity) have been published in the Bioanalysis journal, issues 22 and 23, respectively.
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El Amrani M, van den Broek MPH, Göbel C, van Maarseveen EM. Quantification of active infliximab in human serum with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using a tumor necrosis factor alpha -based pre-analytical sample purification and a stable isotopic labeled infliximab bio-similar as internal standard: A target-based, sensitive and cost-effective method. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1454:42-8. [PMID: 27264745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic monoclonal antibody Infliximab (IFX) is a widely used drug for the treatment of several inflammatory autoimmune diseases. However, approximately 10% of patients develop anti-infliximab antibodies (ATIs) rendering the treatment ineffective. Early detection of underexposure to unbound IFX would result in a timely switch of therapy which could aid in the treatment of this disease. Streptavidin coated 96 well plates were used to capture biotinylated-tumor necrosis factor -alpha (b-TNF-α), which in turn was used to selectively extract the active form of IFX in human serum. After elution, IFX was digested using trypsin and one signature peptide was selected for subsequent analysis on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The internal standard used was a stable isotopic labeled IFX bio-similar. The assay was successfully validated according to European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines and was found to be linear in a range of 0.5-20μg/mL (r(2)=0.994). Lower limit of quantification for the assay (<20% CV) was 0.5μg/mL, requiring only 2μL of sample. Cross-validation against enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) resulted in a high correlation between methods (r(2)=0.95 with a ρc=0.83) and the accuracy was in line with previously published results. In conclusion, a sensitive, robust and cost-effective method was developed for the bio-analysis of IFX with LC-MS/MS by means of a target-based pre-analytical sample purification. Moreover, low volume and costs of consumables per sample promote its feasibility in (pre)clinical studies and in therapeutic drug monitoring. This method should be considered as first choice due to its accuracy and multiple degree of selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin El Amrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcel P H van den Broek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel Göbel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik M van Maarseveen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Techniques for quantitative LC–MS/MS analysis of protein therapeutics: advances in enzyme digestion and immunocapture. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:847-56. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.16.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
LC–MS/MS has been investigated to quantify protein therapeutics in biological matrices. The protein therapeutics is digested by an enzyme to generate surrogate peptide(s) before LC–MS/MS analysis. One challenge is isolating protein therapeutics in the presence of large number of endogenous proteins in biological matrices. Immunocapture, in which a capture agent is used to preferentially bind the protein therapeutics over other proteins, is gaining traction. The protein therapeutics is eluted for digestion and LC–MS/MS analysis. One area of tremendous potential for immunocapture-LC–MS/MS is to obtain quantitative data where ligand-binding assay alone is not sufficient, for example, quantitation of antidrug antibody complexes. Herein, we present an overview of recent advance in enzyme digestion and immunocapture applicable to protein quantitation.
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Gong C, Zheng N, Zeng J, Aubry AF, Arnold ME. Post-pellet-digestion precipitation and solid phase extraction: A practical and efficient workflow to extract surrogate peptides for ultra-high performance liquid chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry bioanalysis of a therapeutic antibody in the low ng/mL range. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1424:27-36. [PMID: 26525666 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The current LC-MS/MS approach for bioanalysis of protein therapeutics requires generating peptides from protein molecules via trypsin digestion, followed by sensitive detection of these surrogate peptides by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). However, the presence of huge amount of matrix-related interference peptides generated from trypsin digestion often causes substantial matrix effect or isobaric interferences during LC-MS/MS analysis. Solid phase extraction (SPE) exhibits great potential in sample extraction to overcome these challenges due to its characteristic features of high selectivity, reproducibility, cost-effectiveness and potential to be automated. Here, we report an effective SPE methodology for the bioanalysis of protein therapeutics involving post-pellet-digestion precipitation and SPE cleanup prior to UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. Specifically, proteins in serum samples were first precipitated with methanol to enrich the protein analyte in the pellet prior to trypsin digestion of the pellet (pellet-digestion). The trypsin digest was further processed by a post-pellet-digestion precipitation (second precipitation) to remove matrix-related clog-causing components prior to SPE on OASIS™ MAX (Mixed-Mode Anion-Exchange) SPE plate. This methodology successfully overcame SPE clogging issue and enabled extraction of 100μL of monkey serum on SPE with significant sensitivity improvement to achieve a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 50ng/mL for a human monoclonal antibody of the IgG4 subclass. This UHPLC-MS/MS assay was validated in a concentration range of 50-5000ng/mL with intra- and inter-assay precisions of within 9.6% CV, and assay accuracy of within ±2.9% Dev of their nominal concentrations. To our best knowledge, this is the pellet digestion with SPE method for LC-MS/MS bioanalysis of a monoclonal antibody for the first time to achieve a LLOQ in the low ng/mL concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gong
- Analytical & Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Naiyu Zheng
- Analytical & Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
| | - Jianing Zeng
- Analytical & Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
| | - Anne-Françoise Aubry
- Analytical & Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Mark E Arnold
- Analytical & Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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Gao R, Zhao S, Hao Y, Zhang L, Cui X, Liu D, Zhang M, Tang Y. Synthesis of magnetic dual-template molecularly imprinted nanoparticles for the specific removal of two high-abundance proteins simultaneously in blood plasma. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3914-3920. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Gao
- Institute of Analytical Science, School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Siqi Zhao
- Institute of Analytical Science, School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Yi Hao
- Institute of Analytical Science, School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
- College of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Analytical Science, School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
- College of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Xihui Cui
- Institute of Analytical Science, School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
- College of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Dechun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; Shanghai China
| | - Yuhai Tang
- Institute of Analytical Science, School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
- College of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
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13
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Bults P, van de Merbel NC, Bischoff R. Quantification of biopharmaceuticals and biomarkers in complex biological matrices: a comparison of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and ligand binding assays. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:355-74. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1050384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Quantification of biotherapeutic targets: new opportunities with immunoaffinity LC–MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:1731-3. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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