1
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Diamanti E, López-Gallego F. Single-Particle and Single-Molecule Characterization of Immobilized Enzymes: A Multiscale Path toward Optimizing Heterogeneous Biocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319248. [PMID: 38476019 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneous biocatalysis is highly relevant in biotechnology as it offers several benefits and practical uses. To leverage the full potential of heterogeneous biocatalysts, the establishment of well-crafted protocols, and a deeper comprehension of enzyme immobilization on solid substrates are essential. These endeavors seek to optimize immobilized biocatalysts, ensuring maximal enzyme performance within confined spaces. For this aim, multidimensional characterization of heterogeneous biocatalysts is required. In this context, spectroscopic and microscopic methodologies conducted at different space and temporal scales can inform about the intraparticle enzyme kinetics, the enzyme spatial distribution, and the mass transport issues. In this Minireview, we identify enzyme immobilization, enzyme catalysis, and enzyme inactivation as the three main processes for which advanced characterization tools unveil fundamental information. Recent advances in operando characterization of immobilized enzymes at the single-particle (SP) and single-molecule (SM) levels inform about their functional properties, unlocking the full potential of heterogeneous biocatalysis toward biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Diamanti
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)-, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón, 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)-, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón, 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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2
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Narwal N, Katyal D, Kataria N, Rose PK, Warkar SG, Pugazhendhi A, Ghotekar S, Khoo KS. Emerging micropollutants in aquatic ecosystems and nanotechnology-based removal alternatives: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139945. [PMID: 37648158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a significant concern about the accessibility of uncontaminated and safe drinking water, a fundamental necessity for human beings. This concern is attributed to the toxic micropollutants from several emission sources, including industrial toxins, agricultural runoff, wastewater discharges, sewer overflows, landfills, algal blooms and microbiota. Emerging micropollutants (EMs) encompass a broad spectrum of compounds, including pharmaceutically active chemicals, personal care products, pesticides, industrial chemicals, steroid hormones, toxic nanomaterials, microplastics, heavy metals, and microorganisms. The pervasive and enduring nature of EMs has resulted in a detrimental impact on global urban water systems. Of late, these contaminants are receiving more attention due to their inherent potential to generate environmental toxicity and adverse health effects on humans and aquatic life. Although little progress has been made in discovering removal methodologies for EMs, a basic categorization procedure is required to identify and restrict the EMs to tackle the problem of these emerging contaminants. The present review paper provides a crude classification of EMs and their associated negative impact on aquatic life. Furthermore, it delves into various nanotechnology-based approaches as effective solutions to address the challenge of removing EMs from water, thereby ensuring potable drinking water. To conclude, this review paper addresses the challenges associated with the commercialization of nanomaterial, such as toxicity, high cost, inadequate government policies, and incompatibility with the present water purification system and recommends crucial directions for further research that should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishita Narwal
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, 110078, New Delhi, India
| | - Deeksha Katyal
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, 110078, New Delhi, India.
| | - Navish Kataria
- Department of Environmental Sciences, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Pawan Kumar Rose
- Department of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Sudhir Gopalrao Warkar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur Village, Rohini, 110042, New Delhi, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Suresh Ghotekar
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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3
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Misiura A, Shen H, Tauzin L, Dutta C, Bishop LDC, Carrejo NC, Zepeda O J, Ramezani S, Moringo NA, Marciel AB, Rossky PJ, Landes CF. Single-Molecule Dynamics Reflect IgG Conformational Changes Associated with Ion-Exchange Chromatography. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11200-11207. [PMID: 34346671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conformational changes of antibodies and other biologics can decrease the effectiveness of pharmaceutical separations. Hence, a detailed mechanistic picture of antibody-stationary phase interactions that occur during ion-exchange chromatography (IEX) can provide critical insights. This work examines antibody conformational changes and how they perturb antibody motion and affect ensemble elution profiles. We combine IEX, three-dimensional single-protein tracking, and circular dichroism spectroscopy to investigate conformational changes of a model antibody, immunoglobulin G (IgG), as it interacts with the stationary phase as a function of salt conditions. The results indicate that the absence of salt enhances electrostatic attraction between IgG and the stationary phase, promotes surface-induced unfolding, slows IgG motion, and decreases elution from the column. Our results reveal previously unreported details of antibody structural changes and their influence on macroscale elution profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Misiura
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, 800 E Summit Street, Kent, Ohio 44240, United States
| | - Lawrence Tauzin
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Chayan Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Logan D C Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Nicole C Carrejo
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jorge Zepeda O
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Shahryar Ramezani
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Nicholas A Moringo
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Amanda B Marciel
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Peter J Rossky
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Christy F Landes
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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4
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Sánchez-Morán H, Weltz JS, Schwartz DK, Kaar JL. Understanding Design Rules for Optimizing the Interface between Immobilized Enzymes and Random Copolymer Brushes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26694-26703. [PMID: 34081428 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A long-standing goal in the field of biotechnology is to develop and understand design rules for the stabilization of enzymes upon immobilization to materials. While immobilization has sometimes been successful as a strategy to stabilize enzymes, the design of synthetic materials that stabilize enzymes remains largely empirical. We sought to overcome this challenge by investigating the mechanistic basis for the stabilization of immobilized lipases on random copolymer brush surfaces comprised of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) and sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA), which represent novel heterogeneous supports for immobilized enzymes. Using several related but structurally diverse lipases, including Bacillus subtilis lipase A (LipA), Rhizomucor miehei lipase, Candida rugosa lipase, and Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), we showed that the stability of each lipase at elevated temperatures was strongly dependent on the fraction of PEGMA in the brush layer. This dependence was explained by developing and applying a new algorithm to quantify protein surface hydrophobicity, which involved using unsupervised cluster analysis to identify clusters of hydrophobic atoms. Characterization of the lipases showed that the optimal brush composition correlated with the free energy of solvation per enzyme surface area, which ranged from -17.1 kJ/mol·nm2 for LipA to -11.8 kJ/mol·nm2 for CALB. Additionally, using this algorithm, we found that hydrophobic patches consisting of aliphatic residues had a higher free energy than patches consisting of aromatic residues. By providing the basis for rationally tuning the interface between enzymes and materials, this understanding will transform the use of materials to reliably ruggedize enzymes under extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Sánchez-Morán
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Campus Box 596, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - James S Weltz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Campus Box 596, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Campus Box 596, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Joel L Kaar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Campus Box 596, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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5
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Bishop LDC, Misiura A, Landes CF. A new metric for relating macroscopic chromatograms to microscopic surface dynamics: the distribution function ratio (DFR). Analyst 2021; 146:4268-4279. [PMID: 34105529 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00370d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous stationary phase chemistry causes chromatographic tailing that lowers separation efficiency and complicates optimizing mobile phase conditions. Model-free metrics are attractive for assessing optimal separation conditions due to the low quantity of information required, but often do not reveal underlying mechanisms that cause tailing, for example, heterogeneous retention modes. We report a new metric, which we call the Distribution Function Ratio (DFR), based on a graphical comparison between the chromatogram and Gaussian cumulative distribution functions, achieving correspondence to ground truth surface dynamics with a single chromatogram. Using a Monte Carlo framework, we show that the DFR can predict the prevalence of heterogeneous retention modes with high precision when the relative desorption rate between modes is known, as in during surface dynamics experiments. Ground truth comparisons reveal that the DFR outperforms both the asymmetry factor and skewness by yielding a one-to-one correspondence with heterogeneous retention mode prevalence over a broad range of experimentally realistic values. Perhaps of more value, we illustrate that the DFR, when combined with the asymmetry factor and skewness, can estimate microscopic surface dynamics, providing valuable insights into surface chemistry using existing chromatographic instrumentation. Connecting ensemble results to microscopic quantities through the lens of simulation establishes a new chemistry-driven route to measuring and advancing separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan D C Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.
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6
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Armstrong MJ, Rodriguez JB, Dahl P, Salamon P, Hess H, Katira P. Power Law Behavior in Protein Desorption Kinetics Originating from Sequential Binding and Unbinding. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13527-13534. [PMID: 33152250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of protein adsorption at the single molecule level has recently revealed that the adsorption is reversible, but with a long-tailed residence time distribution which can be approximated with a sum of exponential functions putatively related to distinct adsorption sites. Here it is proposed that the shape of the residence time distribution results from an adsorption process with sequential and reversible steps that contribute to overall binding strength resembling "zippering". In this model, the survival function of the residence time distribution of single proteins varies from an exponential distribution for a single adsorption step to a power law distribution with exponent -1/2 for a large number of adsorption steps. The adsorption of fluorescently labeled fibrinogen to glass surfaces is experimentally studied with single molecule imaging. The experimental residence time distribution can be readily fit by the proposed model. This demonstrates that the observed long residence times can arise from stepwise adsorption rather than rare but strong binding sites and provides guidance for the control of protein adsorption to biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Armstrong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Juan B Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Peter Dahl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 98182, United States
| | - Peter Salamon
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 98182, United States
| | - Henry Hess
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Parag Katira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 98182, United States
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7
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Calabrase W, Bishop LDC, Dutta C, Misiura A, Landes CF, Kisley L. Transforming Separation Science with Single-Molecule Methods. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13622-13629. [PMID: 32936608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Empirical optimization of the multiscale parameters underlying chromatographic and membrane separations leads to enormous resource waste and production costs. A bottom-up approach to understand the physical phenomena underlying challenges in separations is possible with single-molecule observations of solute-stationary phase interactions. We outline single-molecule fluorescence techniques that can identify key interactions under ambient conditions. Next, we describe how studying increasingly complex samples heightens the relevance of single-molecule results to industrial applications. Finally, we illustrate how separation methods that have not been studied at the single-molecule scale can be advanced, using chiral chromatography as an example case. We hope new research directions based on a molecular approach to separations will emerge based on the ideas, technologies, and open scientific questions presented in this Perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Calabrase
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Logan D C Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Chayan Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Anastasiia Misiura
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Christy F Landes
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States.,Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Lydia Kisley
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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8
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Bishop LD, Misiura A, Moringo NA, Landes CF. Unraveling peak asymmetry in chromatography through stochastic theory powered Monte Carlo simulations. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Persico M, Daigle G, Kadel S, Perreault V, Pellerin G, Thibodeau J, Bazinet L. Predictive models for determination of peptide fouling based on the physicochemical characteristics of filtration membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Bolivar JM, Nidetzky B. On the relationship between structure and catalytic effectiveness in solid surface-immobilized enzymes: Advances in methodology and the quest for a single-molecule perspective. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1868:140333. [PMID: 31778816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.140333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The integration of enzymes with solid materials is important in many biotechnological applications, including the use of immobilized enzymes for biocatalytic synthesis. The development of functional enzyme-material composites is restrained by the lack of molecular-level insight into the behavior of enzymes in confined, surface-near environments. Here, we review recent advances in surface-sensitive spectroscopic techniques that push boundaries for the determination of enzyme structure and orientation at the solid-liquid interface. We discuss recent evidence from single-molecule studies showing that analyses sensitive to the temporal and spatial heterogeneities in immobilized enzymes can succeed in disentangling the effects of conformational stability and active-site accessibility on activity. Different immobilization methods involve distinct trade-off between these effects, thus emphasizing the need for a holistic (systems) view of immobilized enzymes for the rational development of practical biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Bolivar
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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11
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Moringo NA, Bishop LDC, Shen H, Misiura A, Carrejo NC, Baiyasi R, Wang W, Ye F, Robinson JT, Landes CF. A mechanistic examination of salting out in protein-polymer membrane interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:22938-22945. [PMID: 31659038 PMCID: PMC6859367 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909860116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing a mechanistic understanding of protein dynamics and conformational changes at polymer interfaces is critical for a range of processes including industrial protein separations. Salting out is one example of a procedure that is ubiquitous in protein separations yet is optimized empirically because there is no mechanistic description of the underlying interactions that would allow predictive modeling. Here, we investigate peak narrowing in a model transferrin-nylon system under salting out conditions using a combination of single-molecule tracking and ensemble separations. Distinct surface transport modes and protein conformational changes at the negatively charged nylon interface are quantified as a function of salt concentration. Single-molecule kinetics relate macroscale improvements in chromatographic peak broadening with microscale distributions of surface interaction mechanisms such as continuous-time random walks and simple adsorption-desorption. Monte Carlo simulations underpinned by the stochastic theory of chromatography are performed using kinetic data extracted from single-molecule observations. Simulations agree with experiment, revealing a decrease in peak broadening as the salt concentration increases. The results suggest that chemical modifications to membranes that decrease the probability of surface random walks could reduce peak broadening in full-scale protein separations. More broadly, this work represents a proof of concept for combining single-molecule experiments and a mechanistic theory to improve costly and time-consuming empirical methods of optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hao Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251
| | | | | | - Rashad Baiyasi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251
| | - Wenxiao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251
| | - Fan Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251
| | - Jacob T Robinson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251
| | - Christy F Landes
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251;
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251
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12
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Singh N, Herzer S. Downstream Processing Technologies/Capturing and Final Purification : Opportunities for Innovation, Change, and Improvement. A Review of Downstream Processing Developments in Protein Purification. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:115-178. [PMID: 28795201 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased pressure on upstream processes to maximize productivity has been crowned with great success, although at the cost of shifting the bottleneck to purification. As drivers were economical, focus is on now on debottlenecking downstream processes as the main drivers of high manufacturing cost. Devising a holistically efficient and economical process remains a key challenge. Traditional and emerging protein purification strategies with particular emphasis on methodologies implemented for the production of recombinant proteins of biopharmaceutical importance are reviewed. The breadth of innovation is addressed, as well as the challenges the industry faces today, with an eye to remaining impartial, fair, and balanced. In addition, the scope encompasses both chromatographic and non-chromatographic separations directed at the purification of proteins, with a strong emphasis on antibodies. Complete solutions such as integrated USP/DSP strategies (i.e., continuous processing) are discussed as well as gains in data quantity and quality arising from automation and high-throughput screening (HTS). Best practices and advantages through design of experiments (DOE) to access a complex design space such as multi-modal chromatography are reviewed with an outlook on potential future trends. A discussion of single-use technology, its impact and opportunities for further growth, and the exciting developments in modeling and simulation of DSP rounds out the overview. Lastly, emerging trends such as 3D printing and nanotechnology are covered. Graphical Abstract Workflow of high-throughput screening, design of experiments, and high-throughput analytics to understand design space and design space boundaries quickly. (Reproduced with permission from Gregory Barker, Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nripen Singh
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Devens, MA, 01434, USA.
| | - Sibylle Herzer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Hopewell, NJ, 01434, USA
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13
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Persico M, Dhulster P, Bazinet L. Redundancy analysis for determination of the main physicochemical characteristics of filtration membranes explaining their fouling by peptides. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Bishop LDC, Landes CF. From a Protein's Perspective: Elution at the Single-Molecule Level. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2247-2254. [PMID: 30132321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Column chromatography is a widely used analytical technique capable of identifying and isolating a desired chemical species from a more complicated mixture. Despite the method's prevalence, theoretical descriptions have not advanced to accommodate today's common analyte, proteins. Proteins are increasingly used as biologics, a term that refers to biological pharmaceuticals, and present new complexities for chromatographic separation. Large variations in surface charge, chemistry, and structure among protein analytes expose the limits in the current theoretical framework's ability to predict the efficiency of a column without empirical data. The bottleneck created by empirical optimization is a strong motivation for a renewed effort to achieve an in-depth understanding of the range of interactions that occur between a protein analyte and the stationary phase that together enable its selective separation from other constituents of a mixture. The physical and chemical processes that dictate the amount of time an analyte spends in the column are often abstracted by theory and treated as statistical distributions. Until recently, these distributions could not be mapped experimentally as traditional experimental techniques could not reveal underlying heterogeneity in structure, charge, and dynamics. Aligning the latest experimental and theoretical advances is thus a hurdle to be overcome so that significant progress can be made toward a predictive chromatographic theory. In this Account, we detail the work of the Landes Lab in developing single-molecule techniques that refine the stochastic theory of chromatography as a first step toward predictive chromatographic column design. We provide a brief review of the development of stochastic theory and establish a mathematical framework to put the discussed physical chemistry in context. We describe our investigations of three pertinent phenomena: mobile/stationary phase exchange, adsorption/desorption kinetics, and hindered diffusion. We highlight experimental evidence that points to nonuniform behavior. Then, we describe our work in developing single-molecule techniques that can evaluate these effects on a protein-by-protein basis. We highlight two developments: fast imaging via super temporal-resolved microscopy (STReM) and visualizing diffusion within pores via a combination of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (fcsSOFI). Both methods offer new ways to study chromatographic elution at the single-protein level. Such methods can identify the rare heterogeneities that prevent efficient separations and advance the field closer to predictively optimized protein separations.
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15
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Wang W, Shen H, Moringo NA, Carrejo NC, Ye F, Robinson JT, Landes CF. Super-Temporal-Resolved Microscopy Reveals Multistep Desorption Kinetics of α-Lactalbumin from Nylon. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:6697-6702. [PMID: 29763567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Insight into the mechanisms driving protein-polymer interactions is constantly improving due to advances in experimental and computational methods. In this study, we used super-temporal-resolved microscopy (STReM) to study the interfacial kinetics of a globular protein, α-lactalbumin (α-LA), adsorbing at the water-nylon 6,6 interface. The improved temporal resolution of STReM revealed that residence time distributions involve an additional step in the desorption process. Increasing the ionic strength in the bulk solution accelerated the desorption rate of α-LA, attributed to adsorption-induced conformational changes. Ensemble circular dichroism measurements were used to support a consecutive reaction mechanism. Without the improved temporal resolution of STReM, the desorption intermediate was not resolvable, highlighting both STReM's potential to uncover new kinetic mechanisms and the continuing need to push for better time and space resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , MS 366 , Houston , Texas 77251-1892 , United States
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , MS 60 , Houston , Texas 77251-1892 , United States
| | - Nicholas A Moringo
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , MS 60 , Houston , Texas 77251-1892 , United States
| | - Nicole C Carrejo
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , MS 60 , Houston , Texas 77251-1892 , United States
| | - Fan Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , MS 366 , Houston , Texas 77251-1892 , United States
| | - Jacob T Robinson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , MS 366 , Houston , Texas 77251-1892 , United States
- Department of Bioengineering , Rice University , MS 142 , Houston , Texas 77251-1892 , United States
| | - Christy F Landes
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , MS 366 , Houston , Texas 77251-1892 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , MS 60 , Houston , Texas 77251-1892 , United States
- Smalley-Curl Institute , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77251 , United States
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16
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Single-step purification of recombinant hepatitis B core antigen Y132A dimer from clarified Escherichia coli feedstock using a packed bed anion exchange chromatography. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Characterization of new polymer-grafted protein cation exchangers developed by partial neutralization of carboxyl groups derivatized by modification of poly(ethylenimine)-Sepharose with succinic anhydride. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1550:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Fouling prevention of peptides from a tryptic whey hydrolysate during electromembrane processes by use of monovalent ion permselective membranes. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Moringo NA, Shen H, Bishop LDC, Wang W, Landes CF. Enhancing Analytical Separations Using Super-Resolution Microscopy. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2018; 69:353-375. [PMID: 29490205 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-052516-045018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy is becoming an invaluable tool to investigate structure and dynamics driving protein interactions at interfaces. In this review, we highlight the applications of super-resolution microscopy for quantifying the physics and chemistry that occur between target proteins and stationary-phase supports during chromatographic separations. Our discussion concentrates on the newfound ability of super-resolved single-protein spectroscopy to inform theoretical parameters via quantification of adsorption-desorption dynamics, protein unfolding, and nanoconfined transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA;
| | - Logan D C Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA;
| | - Wenxiao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - Christy F Landes
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA; .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.,Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
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20
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Moringo NA, Shen H, Tauzin LJ, Wang W, Bishop LDC, Landes CF. Variable Lysozyme Transport Dynamics on Oxidatively Functionalized Polystyrene Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10818-10828. [PMID: 28937222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tuning protein adsorption dynamics at polymeric interfaces is of great interest to many biomedical and material applications. Functionalization of polymer surfaces is a common method to introduce application-specific surface chemistries to a polymer interface. In this work, single-molecule fluorescence microscopy is utilized to determine the adsorption dynamics of lysozyme, a well-studied antibacterial protein, at the interface of polystyrene oxidized via UV exposure and oxygen plasma and functionalized by ligand grafting to produce varying degrees of surface hydrophilicity, surface roughness, and induced oxygen content. Single-molecule tracking indicates lysozyme loading capacities, and surface mobility at the polymer interface is hindered as a result of all functionalization techniques. Adsorption dynamics of lysozyme depend on the extent and the specificity of the oxygen functionalities introduced to the polystyrene surface. Hindered adsorption and mobility are dominated by hydrophobic effects attributed to water hydration layer formation at the functionalized polystyrene surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Moringo
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Lawrence J Tauzin
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Wenxiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Logan D C Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Christy F Landes
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
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21
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Basconi JE, Carta G, Shirts MR. Effects of protein properties on adsorption and transport in polymer‐grafted ion exchangers: A multiscale modeling study. AIChE J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Basconi
- Dept. of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesville VA22904
| | - Giorgio Carta
- Dept. of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesville VA22904
| | - Michael R. Shirts
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulder CO80309
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22
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Shen H, Tauzin LJ, Baiyasi R, Wang W, Moringo N, Shuang B, Landes CF. Single Particle Tracking: From Theory to Biophysical Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7331-7376. [PMID: 28520419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
After three decades of developments, single particle tracking (SPT) has become a powerful tool to interrogate dynamics in a range of materials including live cells and novel catalytic supports because of its ability to reveal dynamics in the structure-function relationships underlying the heterogeneous nature of such systems. In this review, we summarize the algorithms behind, and practical applications of, SPT. We first cover the theoretical background including particle identification, localization, and trajectory reconstruction. General instrumentation and recent developments to achieve two- and three-dimensional subdiffraction localization and SPT are discussed. We then highlight some applications of SPT to study various biological and synthetic materials systems. Finally, we provide our perspective regarding several directions for future advancements in the theory and application of SPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Lawrence J Tauzin
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Rashad Baiyasi
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Wenxiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Nicholas Moringo
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Bo Shuang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Christy F Landes
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, §Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77251, United States
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23
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Persico M, Mikhaylin S, Doyen A, Firdaous L, Hammami R, Bazinet L. How peptide physicochemical and structural characteristics affect anion-exchange membranes fouling by a tryptic whey protein hydrolysate. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Pasti L, Marchetti N, Guzzinati R, Catani M, Bosi V, Dondi F, Sepsey A, Felinger A, Cavazzini A. Microscopic models of liquid chromatography: From ensemble-averaged information to resolution of fundamental viewpoint at single-molecule level. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Angelo JM, Cvetkovic A, Gantier R, Lenhoff AM. Characterization of cross-linked cellulosic ion-exchange adsorbents: 2. Protein sorption and transport. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1438:100-12. [PMID: 26905881 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption behavior in the HyperCel family of cellulosic ion-exchange materials (Pall Corporation) was characterized using methods to assess, quantitatively and qualitatively, the dynamics of protein uptake as well as static adsorption as a function of ionic strength and protein concentration using several model proteins. The three exchangers studied all presented relatively high adsorptive capacities under low ionic strength conditions, comparable to commercially available resins containing polymer functionalization aimed at increasing that particular characteristic. The strong cation- and anion-exchange moieties showed higher sensitivity to increasing salt concentrations, but protein affinity on the salt-tolerant STAR AX HyperCel exchanger remained strong at ionic strengths normally used in downstream processing to elute material fully during ion-exchange chromatography. Very high uptake rates were observed in both batch kinetics experiments and time-series confocal laser scanning microscopy, suggesting low intraparticle transport resistances relative to external film resistance, even at higher bulk protein concentrations where the opposite is typically observed. Electron microscopy imaging of protein adsorbed phases provided additional insight into particle structure that could not be resolved in previous work on the bare resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Angelo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | - Rene Gantier
- Pall Life Sciences, 20 Walkup Drive, Westborough, MA 01581, USA
| | - Abraham M Lenhoff
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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26
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Weltz JS, Schwartz DK, Kaar JL. Surface-Mediated Protein Unfolding as a Search Process for Denaturing Sites. ACS NANO 2016; 10:730-738. [PMID: 26580418 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface-induced protein denaturation has important implications for the development of materials that are resistant and/or innocuous to biomolecules. Here, we studied the mechanism of lysozyme (T4L) unfolding on fused silica (FS) using single-molecule methods that provided direct insight into the cause of denaturation. Unfolding of T4L was monitored by Förster resonance energy transfer while simultaneously tracking the adsorption, diffusion, and desorption of individual molecules at the solid-solution interface. Results of high-throughput single-molecule analysis suggested that the unfolding of T4L on FS was mediated by surface diffusion and occurred on isolated nanoscale sites, which were relatively rare and distinct from the majority of the surface. These observations suggest that surface-mediated protein unfolding is a search process that is based on the exploration for denaturing sites by the protein. Ultimately, these findings have important implications for the design of protein-compatible surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Weltz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Joel L Kaar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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27
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Cai Y, Schwartz DK. Influence of Protein Surface Coverage on Anomalously Strong Adsorption Sites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:511-520. [PMID: 26651508 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Serum albumin is commonly used as a blocking agent to reduce nonspecific protein adsorption in bioassays and biodevices; however, the details of this process remain poorly understood. Using single molecule techniques, we investigated the dynamics of human serum albumin (HSA) on four model surfaces as a function of protein concentration. By constructing super-resolution maps, identifying anomalously strong adsorption sites, and quantifying surface heterogeneity, we found that the concentration required for site blocking varied dramatically with surface chemistry. When expressed in terms of protein surface coverage, however, a more consistent picture emerged, where a significant fraction of strong sites were passivated at a fractional coverage of 10(-4). On fused silica (FS), "non-fouling" oligo (ethylene glycol) functionalized FS, and hydrophobically modified FS, a modest additional site blocking effect continued at higher coverage. However, on amine-functionalized surfaces, the surface heterogeneity exhibited a minimum at a coverage of ∼10(-4). Using intermolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), we determined that new anomalous strong sites were created at higher coverage on amine surfaces and that adsorption to these sites was associated with protein-protein interactions, i.e., surface-induced aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder , 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder , 596 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
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28
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Tauzin LJ, Shen H, Moringo NA, Roddy MH, Bothof CA, Griesgraber GW, McNulty AK, Rasmussen JK, Landes CF. Variable surface transport modalities on functionalized nylon films revealed with single molecule spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25592a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalization of separation membranes with ion-exchange ligands allows control of the surface mobility of protein molecules facilitating optimized membrane design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Chemistry
- Rice University
- Houston
- USA
| | | | | | - Cathy A. Bothof
- 3M Corporate Research Laboratories
- 3M Center 201-3E-03
- St. Paul
- USA
| | | | - Amy K. McNulty
- 3M Corporate Research Laboratories
- 3M Center 201-3E-03
- St. Paul
- USA
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29
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Kisley L, Poongavanam MV, Kourentzi K, Willson RC, Landes CF. pH-dependence of single-protein adsorption and diffusion at a liquid chromatographic interface. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:682-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kisley
- Department of Chemistry; Rice University; Houston TX USA
| | | | - Katerina Kourentzi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; University of Houston; Houston TX USA
| | - Richard C. Willson
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry; University of Houston; Houston TX USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; University of Houston; Houston TX USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute; Houston TX USA
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Departamento de Biotecnología e Ingeniería de Alimentos; Tecnológico de Monterrey; Monterrey NL Mexico
| | - Christy F. Landes
- Department of Chemistry; Rice University; Houston TX USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Rice University; Houston TX USA
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30
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Langdon BB, Kastantin M, Schwartz DK. Surface Chemistry Influences Interfacial Fibrinogen Self-Association. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3201-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blake B. Langdon
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Mark Kastantin
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Daniel K. Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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31
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Poongavanam MV, Kisley L, Kourentzi K, Landes CF, Willson RC. Ensemble and single-molecule biophysical characterization of D17.4 DNA aptamer-IgE interactions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1864:154-64. [PMID: 26307469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IgE-binding DNA aptamer 17.4 is known to inhibit the interaction of IgE with the high-affinity IgE Fc receptor FcεRI. While this and other aptamers have been widely used and studied, there has been relatively little investigation of the kinetics and energetics of their interactions with their targets, by either single-molecule or ensemble methods. METHODS The dissociation kinetics of the D17.4/IgE complex and the effects of temperature and ionic strength were studied using fluorescence anisotropy and single-molecule spectroscopy, and activation parameters calculated. RESULTS The dissociation of D17.4/IgE complex showed a strong dependence on temperature and salt concentration. The koff of D17.4/IgE complex was calculated to be (2.92±0.18)×10(-3) s(-1) at 50 mM NaCl, and (1.44±0.02)×10(-2) s(-1) at 300 mM NaCl, both in 1 mM MgCl2 and 25°C. The dissociation activation energy for the D17.4/IgE complex, Ea, was 16.0±1.9 kcal mol(-1) at 50 mM NaCl and 1 mM MgCl2. Interestingly, we found that the C19A mutant of D17.4 with stabilized stem structure showed slower dissociation kinetics compared to D17.4. Single-molecule observations of surface-immobilized D17.4/IgE showed much faster dissociation kinetics, and heterogeneity not observable by ensemble techniques. CONCLUSIONS The increasing koff value with increasing salt concentration is attributed to the electrostatic interactions between D17.4/IgE. We found that both the changes in activation enthalpy and activation entropy are insignificant with increasing NaCl concentration. The slower dissociation of the mutant C19A/IgE complex is likely due to the enhanced stability of the aptamer. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The activation parameters obtained by applying transition state analysis to kinetic data can provide details on mechanisms of molecular recognition and have applications in drug design. Single-molecule dissociation kinetics showed greater kinetic complexity than was observed in the ensemble in-solution systems, potentially reflecting conformational heterogeneity of the aptamer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Physiological Enzymology and Protein Functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydia Kisley
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005-1827, USA
| | - Katerina Kourentzi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, TX 77204-4004, USA
| | - Christy F Landes
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005-1827, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1827, USA.
| | - Richard C Willson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, TX 77204-4004, USA; Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Departamento de Biotecnología e Ingeniería de Alimentos, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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32
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Pilot-scale purification of α-lactalbumin from enriched whey protein concentrate by anion-exchange chromatography and ultrafiltration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-015-0215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Langdon BB, Mirhossaini RB, Mabry JN, Sriram I, Lajmi A, Zhang Y, Rojas OJ, Schwartz DK. Single-molecule resolution of protein dynamics on polymeric membrane surfaces: the roles of spatial and population heterogeneity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:3607-3617. [PMID: 25611782 DOI: 10.1021/am507730k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although polymeric membranes are widely used in the purification of protein pharmaceuticals, interactions between biomolecules and membrane surfaces can lead to reduced membrane performance and damage to the product. In this study, single-molecule fluorescence microscopy provided direct observation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human monoclonal antibody (IgG) dynamics at the interface between aqueous buffer and polymeric membrane materials including regenerated cellulose and unmodified poly(ether sulfone) (PES) blended with either polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl acetate-co-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVAc-PVP), or polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGM) before casting. These polymer surfaces were compared with model surfaces composed of hydrophilic bare fused silica and hydrophobic trimethylsilane-coated fused silica. At extremely dilute protein concentrations (10(-3)-10(-7) mg/mL), protein surface exchange was highly dynamic with protein monomers desorbing from the surface within ∼1 s after adsorption. Protein oligomers (e.g., nonspecific dimers, trimers, or larger aggregates), although less common, remained on the surface for 5 times longer than monomers. Using newly developed super-resolution methods, we could localize adsorption sites with ∼50 nm resolution and quantify the spatial heterogeneity of the various surfaces. On a small anomalous subset of the adsorption sites, proteins adsorbed preferentially and tended to reside for significantly longer times (i.e., on "strong" sites). Proteins resided for shorter times overall on surfaces that were more homogeneous and exhibited fewer strong sites (e.g., PVAc-PVP/PES). We propose that strong surface sites may nucleate protein aggregation, initiated preferentially by protein oligomers, and accelerate ultrafiltration membrane fouling. At high protein concentrations (0.3-1.0 mg/mL), fewer strong adsorption sites were observed, and surface residence times were reduced. This suggests that at high concentrations, adsorbed proteins block strong sites from further protein adsorption. Importantly, this demonstrates that strong binding sites can be modified by changing solution conditions. Membrane surfaces are intrinsically heterogeneous; by employing single-molecule techniques, we have provided a new framework for understanding protein interactions with such surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake B Langdon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kisley
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering,
Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Christy F. Landes
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering,
Rice Quantum Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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35
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Mabry JN, Skaug MJ, Schwartz DK. Single-molecule insights into retention at a reversed-phase chromatographic interface. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9451-8. [PMID: 25188676 DOI: 10.1021/ac5026418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of chromatographic separations decreases markedly when peaks exhibit asymmetry (e.g., "peak tailing"). Theoretically, these effects can arise from heterogeneous adsorption kinetics. To investigate the nature and consequences of such heterogeneity, we used a combination of single-molecule imaging and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). In both single-molecule and macroscopic RPLC experiments, the stationary phase was hydrophobic end-capped (trimethylsilyl-functionalized) silica, which we exposed to different methanol/water solutions (50%-62% methanol), containing a fluorescent fatty acid analyte. Super-resolution maps based on single-molecule observations revealed rare, strong adsorption sites with activity that varied significantly with methanol concentration. The adsorption and desorption kinetics on the strong sites were heterogeneous and positively correlated, suggesting a broad underlying distribution of site binding energies. Adsorption equilibrium on the strong sites was more sensitive to solution conditions than overall retention measured in RPLC experiments, suggesting that the effect of strong sites on the overall adsorption kinetics should change with solution conditions. Interestingly, in RPLC experiments, peak tailing had a nonmonotonic dependence on methanol concentration within the range studied. Using the stochastic model of chromatography, we showed quantitatively that our single-molecule kinetic results were consistent with this macroscopic trend. This approach to identifying and quantifying adsorption sites should be useful for designing better chromatographic separations and for identifying the role of heterogeneous surface chemistry in molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Mabry
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
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