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Teng H, Li Q, Gou M, Liu G, Cao X, Lu J, Han Y, Yu Y, Gao Z, Song X, Dong W, Pang Y. Lamprey immunity protein enables early detection and recurrence monitoring for bladder cancer through recognizing Neu5Gc-modified uromodulin glycoprotein in urine. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166493. [PMID: 35853560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The clinical management of bladder cancer (BCa) is hindered by the lack of reliable biomarkers. We aimed to investigate the potential of lamprey immunity protein (LIP), a lectin that specifically binds to multi-antennary sialylated N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) structures on UMOD glycoproteins in the urine of BCa patients. Primary BCa patients had higher levels of LIP-bound Neu5Gc in urine than healthy participants and patients receiving postoperative treatment did. In addition, lectin chip assay and mass spectrometry were used to analyze the glycan chain structure, which can recognize the UMOD glycoprotein decorated with multi-antennary sialylated Neu5Gc structures. Furthermore, compared with urine samples from healthy patients (N = 2821, T/C = 0.12 ± 0.09) or benign patients (N = 360, T/C = 0.11 ± 0.08), the range of the urine T/C ratio detected using LIP test paper was 1.97 ± 0.32 in patients with bladder cancer (N = 518) with significant difference (P < 0.0001). Our results indicate that LIP may be a tool for early BCa identification, diagnosis, and monitoring. Neu5Gc-modified UMOD glycoproteins in urine and Neu5Gc-modified N-glycochains and sialyltransferases may function as potential markers in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Teng
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Cao
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiali Lu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinglun Han
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhanfeng Gao
- Department of Urology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Zhong shan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Weijie Dong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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Shewell LK, Day CJ, Kutasovic JR, Abrahams JL, Wang J, Poole J, Niland C, Ferguson K, Saunus JM, Lakhani SR, von Itzstein M, Paton JC, Paton AW, Jennings MP. N-glycolylneuraminic acid serum biomarker levels are elevated in breast cancer patients at all stages of disease. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:334. [PMID: 35346112 PMCID: PMC8962556 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Normal human tissues do not express glycans terminating with the sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), yet Neu5Gc-containing glycans have been consistently found in human tumor tissues, cells and secretions and have been proposed as a cancer biomarker. We engineered a Neu5Gc-specific lectin called SubB2M, and previously reported elevated Neu5Gc biomarkers in serum from ovarian cancer patients using a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)-based assay. Here we report an optimized SubB2M SPR-based assay and use this new assay to analyse sera from breast cancer patients for Neu5Gc levels. Methods To enhance specificity of our SPR-based assay, we included a non-sialic acid binding version of SubB, SubBA12, to control for any non-specific binding to SubB2M, which improved discrimination of cancer-free controls from early-stage ovarian cancer. We analysed 96 serum samples from breast cancer patients at all stages of disease compared to 22 cancer-free controls using our optimized SubB2M-A12-SPR assay. We also analysed a collection of serum samples collected at 6 monthly intervals from breast cancer patients at high risk for disease recurrence or spread. Results Analysis of sera from breast cancer cases revealed significantly elevated levels of Neu5Gc biomarkers at all stages of breast cancer. We show that Neu5Gc serum biomarker levels can discriminate breast cancer patients from cancer-free individuals with 98.96% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Analysis of serum collected prospectively, post-diagnosis, from breast cancer patients at high risk for disease recurrence showed a trend for a decrease in Neu5Gc levels immediately following treatment for those in remission. Conclusions Neu5Gc serum biomarkers are a promising new tool for early detection and disease monitoring for breast cancer that may complement current imaging- and biopsy-based approaches. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09428-0.
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Khairol Mokhtar NHI, Hussin A, Hamid AA, Zainal Ariffin SH, Shahidan MA. Systematic Optimisation of Microtiter Plate Lectin Assay to Improve Sialic Acid Linkage Detection. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1507-1517. [PMID: 34342257 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210802122538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to develop a high-throughput lectin assay with minimized background signals to investigate the interactions of lectins and sialic acid glycans, focusing on prostate-specific antigen (PSA). BACKGROUND High background signals resulting from nonspecific binding are a significant concern for microtiter plate-based enzyme-linked lectin sorbent assays (ELLSAs), as they can mask specific binding signals and cause false-positive results. METHODS In this study, we constructed an ELLSA based on different washing step parameters, including the number of washing cycles, NaCl and Tween-20 concentrations, and the type of blocking agent and evaluated the effects on both specific and nonspecific binding signals. Furthermore, we performed a PSA binding assay using the optimized ELLSA. RESULTS The optimal washing parameters based on the highest specific binding signal proposed four cycles of washing steps using a washing buffer containing a high salt concentration (0.5 M NaCl) and mild detergent (0.05% Tween-20). The utilization of the optimized washing parameters in this assay was shown to be sufficient to obtain the optimal binding signals without the use of any blocking agent. Binding assays performed using the optimized ELLSA revealed that the glycan of the PSA sample used in this study mainly consists of terminal α2,6-linked sialic acid, as strongly recognized by Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) with a KD value of 12.38 nM. CONCLUSION The ELLSA reported in this study provides a simple yet sensitive assay for sialic acid linkage recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hanina Izzati Khairol Mokhtar
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Ainulkhir Hussin
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Malaysia
| | - Aidil Abdul Hamid
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf Shahidan
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor. Malaysia
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Yang H, Lu L, Chen X. An overview and future prospects of sialic acids. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 46:107678. [PMID: 33285252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) are negatively charged functional monosaccharides present in a wide variety of natural sources (plants, animals and microorganisms). Sias play an important role in many life processes, which are widely applied in the medical and food industries as intestinal antibacterials, antivirals, anti-oxidative agents, food ingredients, and detoxification agents. Most Sias are composed of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, >99%), and Sia is its most commonly used name. In this article, we review Sias in terms of their structures, applications, determination methods, metabolism, and production strategies. In particular, we summarise and compare different production strategies, including extraction from natural sources, chemical synthesis, polymer decomposition, enzymatic synthesis, whole-cell catalysis, and de novo biosynthesis via microorganism fermentation. We also discuss research on their physiological functions and applications, barriers to efficient production, and strategies for overcoming these challenges. We focus on efficient de novo biosynthesis strategies for Neu5Ac via microbial fermentation using novel synthetic biology tools and methods that may be applied in future. This work provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances on Sias, and addresses future challenges regarding their functions, applications, and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liping Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; College of life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Huang W, Hou X, Tong Y, Tian M. Determination of sialic acid in serum samples by dispersive solid-phase extraction based on boronate-affinity magnetic hollow molecularly imprinted polymer sorbent. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5394-5401. [PMID: 35515918 PMCID: PMC9060700 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00511k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Boronate-affinity magnetic hollow molecularly imprinted polymers (B-MhMIPs) were prepared with sialic acid (SA) as the template, 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) as the functional monomer and glycidilmethacrylate (GMA) as the co-monomer to chemisorb Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Furthermore, the hollow structure made the nanoparticles have more binding sites at both internal and external surfaces, which can facilitate the removal of template molecules from polymers and enhance the adsorption abilities towards SA. After optimizing, the adsorption pH was controlled at 4.0, and this was different from most cis-diol-containing compounds. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection for SA was 0.025 μg mL-1 (n = 3). This method was applied to analyze serum samples with different spiked levels, and the recoveries of the SA were in the range of 70.9-106.2%. These results confirmed the superiority of the B-MhMIPs for selective and efficient enrichment of trace SA from complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 China
| | - Xingyu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 China
| | - Yukui Tong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 China
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Nagai Y, Sakakibara I, Toyoda H. Microdetermination of Sialic Acids in Blood Samples by Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Coupled to Post-column Derivatization and Fluorometric Detection. ANAL SCI 2018; 35:517-520. [PMID: 30606909 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method for the determination of sialic acids in biological samples has been developed and applied to fetal bovine serum (FBS), newborn calf serum and adult bovine serum. The hydrolysis of sera was carried out and the liberated sialic acids were quantified using a rapid and sensitive HPLC. The HPLC includes the separation and detection of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and a fluorometric post-column reaction with 2-cyanoacetamide. The calibration graphs for Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc were linear over the range of 10 pmol - 5 nmol. The concentrations of sialic acids in FBS, newborn calf serum and adult bovine serum were 5.06, 3.79 and 1.64 mM, respectively. The ratios of Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac changed dramatically according to the development stages. The present method has a satisfactory sensitivity in the quantification of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc in serum samples. It seems that this analytical system can therefore be applied for routine use in clinical investigations of serum sialylation changes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | | | - Hidenao Toyoda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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Shewell LK, Wang JJ, Paton JC, Paton AW, Day CJ, Jennings MP. Detection of N-glycolylneuraminic acid biomarkers in sera from patients with ovarian cancer using an engineered N-glycolylneuraminic acid-specific lectin SubB2M. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:173-177. [PMID: 30415777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc)-containing glycans are a prominent form of aberrant glycosylation found in human tumor cells and have been proposed as cancer biomarkers. The B subunit of the subtilase cytotoxin (SubB) produced by Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli recognises Neu5Gc containing glycans. We have previously engineered this lectin, SubB2M, for greater specificity and enhanced recognition of Neu5Gc-containing glycans. Here we further explore the utility of SubB2M to detect Neu5Gc tumor biomarkers in sera from patients with ovarian cancer. Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) we show that SubB2M can detect the established ovarian cancer biomarker, CA125, in a highly sensitive and specific fashion in the context of human serum. These studies established conditions for screening serum samples from patients with ovarian cancer for Neu5Gc glycans. We found that serum from patients with all stages of ovarian cancer had significantly elevated mean levels of Neu5Gc glycans compared to normal controls. Serum from patients with late stage disease (stages IIIC, IV) had uniformly elevated levels of Neu5Gc glycans. Detection of Neu5Gc-glycans using SubB2M has the potential to be used as a diagnostic ovarian cancer biomarker, as well as a tool for monitoring treatment and disease progression in late stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Shewell
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - J J Wang
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - J C Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - A W Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - C J Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
| | - M P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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Zhang Z, Wuhrer M, Holst S. Serum sialylation changes in cancer. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:139-160. [PMID: 29680984 PMCID: PMC5916985 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death in both developing and developed countries. Early detection and efficient therapy can greatly enhance survival. Aberrant glycosylation has been recognized to be one of the hallmarks of cancer as glycans participate in many cancer-associated events. Cancer-associated glycosylation changes often involve sialic acids which play important roles in cell-cell interaction, recognition and immunological response. This review aims at giving a comprehensive overview of the literature on changes of sialylation in serum of cancer patients. Furthermore, the methods available to measure serum and plasma sialic acids as well as possible underlying biochemical mechanisms involved in the serum sialylation changes are surveyed. In general, total serum sialylation levels appear to be increased with various malignancies and show a potential for clinical applications, especially for disease monitoring and prognosis. In addition to overall sialic acid levels and the amount of sialic acid per total protein, glycoprofiling of specific cancer-associated glycoproteins, acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins in serum as well as the measurements of sialylation-related enzymes such as sialidases and sialyltransferases have been reported for early detection of cancer, assessing cancer progression and improving prognosis of cancer patients. Moreover, sialic-acid containing glycan antigens such as CA19-9, sialyl Lewis X and sialyl Tn on serum proteins have also displayed their value in cancer diagnosis and management whereby increased levels of these factors positively correlated with metastasis or poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejian Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone S3, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, NL, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone S3, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, NL, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Holst
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone S3, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, NL, The Netherlands.
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Wang Y, Kong J, Chen Z, Luo D, Ye J, Chu Q. Determination of Major Sialic Acids in Dairy Products by Electrophoretic Stacking Technology with Contactless Conductivity Detection. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Li Y, Wang W, Gou XL, Lin N, Le SF, Du N, Yan H, Zhang JH. Determination of N-acetylneuraminic acid in poultry eggs by ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934817080081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wu J, Ke X, Zhang X, Zhuang W, Zhou J, Ying H. Ion-exchange equilibrium of N-acetyl-d-neuraminic acid on a strong anionic exchanger. Food Chem 2015; 183:259-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Wang L, Wang D, Zhou X, Wu L, Sun XL. Systematic investigation of quinoxaline derivatization of sialic acids and their quantitation applicability using high performance liquid chromatography. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08930h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoxaline derivatization has been the most commonly used approach for sialic acid quantitation of biological samples and glycoproteins by either HPLC or LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Wang
- College of Pharmacy
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150081, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD)
- Cleveland State University
- Cleveland, USA
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD)
- Cleveland State University
- Cleveland, USA
| | - Lijun Wu
- College of Pharmacy
- Harbin Medical University
- Harbin 150081, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD)
- Cleveland State University
- Cleveland, USA
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