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Herrmann M, Rodriguez-Blanco G, Balasso M, Sobolewska K, Semeraro MD, Alonso N, Herrmann W. The role of bile acid metabolism in bone and muscle: from analytics to mechanisms. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024; 61:510-528. [PMID: 38488591 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2323132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are both common age-related disorders that are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Bone and muscle are metabolically very active tissues that require large amounts of energy. Bile acids (BAs), a group of liver-derived steroid compounds, are primarily known as emulsifiers that facilitate the resorption of dietary fat and lipids. In addition, they have pleiotropic metabolic functions in lipoprotein and glucose metabolism, inflammation, and intestinal bacterial growth. Through these effects, they are related to metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, atherosclerosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. BAs mediate their metabolic effects through receptor dependent and receptor-independent mechanisms. Emerging evidence suggests that BAs are also involved in bone and muscle metabolism. Under normal circumstances, BAs support bone health by shifting the delicate equilibrium of bone turnover toward bone formation. In contrast, low or excessive amounts of BAs promote bone resorption. In cholestatic liver disease, BAs accumulate in the liver, reach toxic concentrations in the circulation, and thus may contribute to bone loss and muscle wasting. In addition, the measurement of BAs is in rapid evolution with modern mass spectrometry techniques that allow for the detection of a continuously growing number of BAs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biochemistry, physiology and measurement of bile acids. Furthermore, it summarizes the existing literature regarding their role in bone and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Giovanny Rodriguez-Blanco
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marco Balasso
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Sobolewska
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Donatella Semeraro
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nerea Alonso
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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2
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Zhang L, Liu X, Jin T, Dong J, Li X, Zhang Y, Liu D. Isomers-oriented separation of forty-five plasma bile acids with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1721:464827. [PMID: 38520985 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Some bile acids (BAs) were considered as biomarkers or have therapeutical effect on metabolic diseases. However, due to the existence of isomers and limitations in sensitivity, simultaneous quantification of multiple BAs remains a challenge. The aim of this study is to establish an accurate and sensitive method for the determination of multiple BAs with similar polarity. A LC-MS/MS analytical method capable of quantifying forty-five BAs simultaneously using nine stable isotope internal standards was developed and fully validated based on key isomers-oriented separation strategy. The method was further applied to analyze plasma samples to describe the dynamic profile of BAs after high glucose intake. The chromatography and mass spectrum conditions were optimized to enable the accurate quantification of forty-five BAs, while ensuring the lower limit of quantification between 0.05-10 ng/mL. The results of system suitability, linearity, dilution integrity, accuracy and precision demonstrated the good quantitative capacity and robustness of the method. A total of thirty-five BAs were quantified in plasma samples from twelve healthy Chinese individuals. The established method featured superior sensitivity and better separation efficiency compared to previous studies. Meanwhile, BAs exhibited correlations with glucose and insulin, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Center of Clinical Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tenghui Jin
- Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Shimadzu China Innovation Center, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Shimadzu China Innovation Center, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Center of Clinical Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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Németh K, Sterczer Á, Kiss DS, Lányi RK, Hemző V, Vámos K, Bartha T, Buzás A, Lányi K. Determination of Bile Acids in Canine Biological Samples: Diagnostic Significance. Metabolites 2024; 14:178. [PMID: 38668306 PMCID: PMC11052161 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive examination of bile acids is of paramount importance across various fields of health sciences, influencing physiology, microbiology, internal medicine, and pharmacology. While enzymatic reaction-based photometric methods remain fundamental for total BA measurements, there is a burgeoning demand for more sophisticated techniques such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for comprehensive BA profiling. This evolution reflects a need for nuanced diagnostic assessments in clinical practice. In canines, a BA assessment involves considering factors, such as food composition, transit times, and breed-specific variations. Multiple matrices, including blood, feces, urine, liver tissue, and gallbladder bile, offer insights into BA profiles, yet interpretations remain complex, particularly in fecal analysis due to sampling challenges and breed-specific differences. Despite ongoing efforts, a consensus regarding optimal matrices and diagnostic thresholds remains elusive, highlighting the need for further research. Emphasizing the scarcity of systematic animal studies and underscoring the importance of ap-propriate sampling methodologies, our review advocates for targeted investigations into BA alterations in canine pathology, promising insights into pathomechanisms, early disease detection, and therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Németh
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (K.N.); (D.S.K.); (V.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Ágnes Sterczer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Dávid Sándor Kiss
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (K.N.); (D.S.K.); (V.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Réka Katalin Lányi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Zrínyi u. 9, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Vivien Hemző
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (K.N.); (D.S.K.); (V.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Kriszta Vámos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Tibor Bartha
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (K.N.); (D.S.K.); (V.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Anna Buzás
- Institute of Food Chain Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (K.L.)
| | - Katalin Lányi
- Institute of Food Chain Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (K.L.)
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Marciano LPA, Costa LF, Cardoso NS, Freire J, Feltrim F, Oliveira GS, Paula FBA, Silvério ACP, Martins I. Biomonitoring and risk assessment of human exposure to triazole fungicides. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 147:105565. [PMID: 38185363 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Risk assessment and biomarkers were evaluated in volunteers exposed to triazole fungicides in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Volunteers were divided into two groups: occupationally and environmentally exposed to pesticides (n = 140) and those unexposed (n = 50) from urban areas. Urine samples were analyzed by GC-MS for triazoles, and samples from men and women in the exposed group were quantified. Groups were further stratified by sex to evaluate the biomarkers results. Oxidative stress was indicated by biomarker analysis for occupationally exposed men with elevated malondialdehyde levels and reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase activity (p < 0.0001). Bile acid levels were also elevated in the exposed group (p < 0.0001). Biomarkers in this study suggest recent, reversible changes due to pesticide exposure. Liver enzyme levels showed no significant differences. The highest Estimated Daily Intake for epoxiconazole ranged from 0.534 to 6.31 μg/kg-bw/day for men and 0.657-8.77 μg/kg-bw/day for women in the exposed group. Considering the highest detected urinary triazole value, the calculated Hazard Quotient for epoxiconazole was 0.789 for men and 1.1 for women. Results indicate a health risk associated with environmental triazole exposure, highlighting the importance of biomonitoring in risk assessment to prevent intoxication and assist in mitigating adverse health effects from chronic pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz P A Marciano
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luiz F Costa
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Naiane S Cardoso
- Clinical and Experimental Analysis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Josiane Freire
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Feltrim
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Geovana S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda B A Paula
- Clinical and Experimental Analysis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Isarita Martins
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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5
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Uher M, Mičuda S, Kacerovský M, Hroch M. An alternative approach to validation of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods for the quantification of endogenous compounds. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464173. [PMID: 37392639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the progress in the quantification of xenobiotics, the development and validation of methods designed for endogenous substances still remain challenging due to the natural presence of the analytes in a biological matrix, leading to the inability to obtain a blank sample. Several generally recognized procedures are described to solve this issue, like using surrogate or analyte-depleted matrices or surrogate analytes. However, the workflows used do not always meet the requirements for developing a reliable analytical method or are cost-intensive. This study aimed to design an alternative approach for preparing validation reference samples using authentic analytical standards while preserving the nature of the biological matrix and solving the problem with the inherent presence of analyzed compounds in a studied matrix. The methodology used is based on the standard-addition type procedure. However, unlike the original method, the addition is modified according to a previously measured basal concentration of monitored substances in the pooled biological sample to obtain a predefined concentration in reference samples according to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) validation guideline. The study shows the advantages of described approach on an example of LC-MS/MS analysis of 15 bile acids in human plasma and compares it with other methods commonly used in this field. The method was successfully validated according to the EMA guideline with lower limit of quantification of 5 nmol/L and linearity in the range of 5 - 2000 nmol/L. Finally, the method was used in a metabolomic study on a cohort of pregnant women (n = 28) to confirm intrahepatic cholestasis, the major liver disease observed in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Uher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Mičuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Kacerovský
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Hroch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic.
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6
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Li N, Zhang X, Li M, Liu M, Jin Y, Xu H. Simultaneous determination of UDCA and its major metabolites in human plasma with surrogate matrix by a rapid and specific LC-MS/MS method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1223:123726. [PMID: 37148852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, convenient, and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), and its major metabolites, glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) in human plasma. Methanol was chosen as surrogate matrix for preparation the calibrators to establish calibration curves. Isotope internal standard was used for each analyte. After plasma samples were deproteinized with methanol, the post-treatment samples were analyzed on a ZORBAX SB-C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) with 2 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) employing negative ESI interface using API5500 triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer system, with the transitions set at m/z 391.4 → m/z 391.4, m/z 448.3 → m/z 73.9, m/z 498.4 → m/z 80.1, m/z 395.3 → m/z 395.3, m/z 453.3 → m/z 74.0, and m/z 503.2 → m/z 79.9 for UDCA, GUDCA, TUDCA, UDCA-d4, GUDCA-d5, and TUDCA-d5, respectively. The calibration curve ranges were 5.00-2500 ng/mL for UDCA and GUDCA and 0.500-250 ng/mL for TUDCA. The intra- and inter-day precision was within 7.00% in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD%) and the accuracy within 11.75% in terms of relative error. The selectivity, sensitivity, extraction recovery, matrix effect, dilution reliability, and stability were within the acceptable range. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in 12 healthy Chinese volunteers after oral administration of 250 mg UDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mengxin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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7
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Silveira AT, Barbosa AMDC, de Faria HD, Marciano LPDA, Figueiredo EC, Martins I. Online restricted access molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the selective determination of serum bile acids. Analyst 2022; 147:2779-2792. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00446a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a RAM imprinted polymer covered with bovine serum albumin applied to determine bile acids from individuals exposed to organic solvents using an online-LC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Thalison Silveira
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas – Unifal-MG, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Alyne Maria da Costa Barbosa
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas – Unifal-MG, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Henrique Dipe de Faria
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas – Unifal-MG, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo de Aguiar Marciano
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas – Unifal-MG, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Costa Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas – Unifal-MG, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Isarita Martins
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas – Unifal-MG, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
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8
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Łuczykowski K, Warmuzińska N, Bojko B. Current approaches to the analysis of bile and the determination of bile acids in various biological matrices as supportive tools to traditional diagnostic testing for liver dysfunction and biliary diseases. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Surface plasma enhanced fluorescence combined aptamer sensor based on silica modified silver nanoparticles for signal amplification detection of cholic acid. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lyu J, Li H, Yin D, Zhao M, Sun Q, Guo M. Analysis of eight bile acids in urine of gastric cancer patients based on covalent organic framework enrichment coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462422. [PMID: 34348207 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is one of the most common and deadly forms of cancer. Early detection is critical for successful treatment of gastric cancer, and examination of BAs in urine may provide a critical diagnostic tool for identifying gastric cancer at stages when it can still be cured. Bile acids (BAs) are a crucial toxic factor correlated with the injury of gastric mucosa and as such, quantifying the amount of BA in patient's urine could provide a new means to quickly and non-invasively identify the presence of gastric cancer in the early stages. Here, a covalent organic framework (COF) material synthesized on the basis of 1,3,5-tris(4-nitrophenyl)benzene (TAPB) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) was used as stationary phase for SPE column that was coupled to LC-MS/MS for quantitative analysis of eight BAs in human urine, including cholic acid (CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). The enrichment effect of synthesized COF material was better than commercial SPE and HLB column. The sensitivity can increase 9.37- to 54.30- fold (calculated by the ratio of peak area between before and after enrichment). The probable mechanism is due to the great porosity and the similar polarity with BAs of the COF material. By compared with previous literatures, our method had the minimum limit of detection, which achieved 46.40, 25.75, 47.40, 47.37, 30.42, and 33.92 pg /mL, respectively, for GCA, GCDCA, CA, CDCA, HDCA and DCA after enrichment. These eight BAs also accomplished excellent linearity from 0.34 to 10,000 ng/mL. This material was successfully applied in the measurements of these six BAs in human urine from 76 gastric cancer patients and 32 healthy people. Compared to healthy people, levels of CA, CDCA, DCA, and HDCA were significantly elevated and levels of GCDCA were depressed, respectively, in gastric cancer patients. Our work suggests that these acids may act as potential biomarkers for gastric cancer and our framework provides a method for "non-invasive" diagnosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Haijuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Dengyang Yin
- Jingjiang People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 214500, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Mengzhe Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China.
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Dosedělová V, Itterheimová P, Kubáň P. Analysis of bile acids in human biological samples by microcolumn separation techniques: A review. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:68-85. [PMID: 32645223 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids are a group of compounds essential for lipid digestion and absorption with a steroid skeleton and a carboxylate side chain usually conjugated to glycine or taurine. Bile acids are regulatory molecules for a number of metabolic processes and can be used as biomarkers of various disorders. Since the middle of the twentieth century, the detection of bile acids has evolved from simple qualitative analysis to accurate quantification in complicated mixtures. Advanced methods are required to characterize and quantify individual bile acids in these mixtures. This article overviews the literature from the last two decades (2000-2020) and focuses on bile acid analysis in various human biological samples. The methods for sample preparation, including the sample treatment of conventional (blood plasma, blood serum, and urine) and unconventional samples (bile, saliva, duodenal/gastric juice, feces, etc.) are shortly discussed. Eventually, the focus is on novel analytical approaches and methods for each particular biological sample, providing an overview of the microcolumn separation techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis, used in their analysis. This is followed by a discussion on selected clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Věra Dosedělová
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Itterheimová
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kubáň
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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Repina N, Konovalova O, Kalinin D, Edamenko D. Thin-layer chromatographic separation of a number of bile acids with mobile phases based on surfactants. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-020-00034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Yuan J, Li A, Chen T, Du J, Ma A, Pan J. Micelle-dominated distribution strategy for non-matrix matched calibration without an internal standard: "Extract-and-shoot" approach for analyzing hydrophilic targets in blood and cell samples. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1102:24-35. [PMID: 32043993 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of trace hydrophilic targets in complex aqueous-rich matrices is considerably challenging, generally requiring matrix-matched calibration, internal standard, or time-and-labor-intensive sample preparation. To address this analytical bottleneck, a non-matrix-matched calibration strategy without using internal standard was reported for the first time to analyze complicated biosamples such as whole blood, plasma, serum, and cell samples. This strategy, termed micelle-dominated distribution, also aimed at realizing the simple "extract-and-shoot" analytical process for such complex matrices. The micelle-matrix interaction was found to efficiently eliminate the matrix effect by dominating phase separation and analyte distribution between the extraction and matrix phases. Thus, calibration linear curves prepared in water were applicable to the analysis of all the above-mentioned sample types. Rapid distribution equilibrium within 4 min was achieved. This strategy could tolerate direct large volume injection, thereby providing two-order-of-magnitude enhancement in the sensitivity of ion-pair chromatography. The analytical method integrated cell rupture, matrix cleanup, analyte extraction, and on-column preconcentration into a fast and high-throughput operation. The successful application to the determination of exogenous pesticides and endogenous glutathione exhibited low limits of detection (0.0085-0.015 μg mL-1 for pesticides; 0.52 μg mL-1 for glutathione), wide linear ranges (0.028-50 μg mL-1 and 0.049-50 μg mL-1 for pesticides; 1.7-1000 μg mL-1 for glutathione), good linearies (R2 = 0.9994-0.9999), excellent accuracy (recoveries of 91.3-105.2%), and good precision (0.7-6.2% at the levels of 0.028 (or 0.049), 0.1, 0.5, and 50 μg mL-1 for pesticides; 0.5-8.7% at 1.7, 500, and 1000 μg mL-1 for glutathione).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Yuan
- Department of Hygiene Detection Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Hygiene Detection Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Hygiene Detection Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Hygiene Detection Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ande Ma
- Department of Hygiene Detection Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jialiang Pan
- Department of Hygiene Detection Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Zhao Q, Shan G, Xu D, Gao H, Shi J, Ju C, Lin G, Zhang F, Jia T. Simultaneous Analysis of Twelve Bile Acids by UPLC-MS and Exploration of the Processing Mechanism of Bile Arisaema by Fermentation. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:2980596. [PMID: 31662947 PMCID: PMC6754901 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2980596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (Q/TOF-MS) in the MS/MS mode and UPLC coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QqQ-MS) using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode were used to make a qualitative and quantitative analysis of twelve bile acids in Bile Arisaema. The fragmentation pathway of twelve bile acids was proposed. The quantification method showed a good linearity over a wide concentration range (R 2 > 0.99), repeatability (RSD < 4.12%), stability (RSD < 4.25%), precision (RSD < 4.06%), and recovery (95.36-102.15%). Content of twelve compounds in Bile Arisaema varied significantly depending on region. Chemometric methods, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and principal components analysis (PCA) were successfully used to optimize the fermentation time of the Bile Arisaema. The results suggested that the Bile Arisaema could complete fermentation in 15 days. The possible processing mechanism of Bile Arisaema promoted the transformation of conjugated bile acids into free bile acids in fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimiao Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Guoshun Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Ji Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Chengguo Ju
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Guimei Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Tianzhu Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
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15
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Ghaffarzadegan T, Essén S, Verbrugghe P, Marungruang N, Hållenius FF, Nyman M, Sandahl M. Determination of free and conjugated bile acids in serum of Apoe(-/-) mice fed different lingonberry fractions by UHPLC-MS. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3800. [PMID: 30846721 PMCID: PMC6405994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are known to be involved in cholesterol metabolism but interactions between the diet, BA profiles, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism have not been extensively explored. In the present study, primary and secondary BAs including their glycine and taurine-conjugated forms were quantified in serum of Apoe−/− mice by protein precipitation followed by reversed phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and QTOF mass spectrometry. The mice were fed different lingonberry fractions (whole, insoluble and soluble) in a high-fat setting or cellulose in a high and low-fat setting. Serum concentrations of BAs in mice fed cellulose were higher with the high-fat diet compared to the low-fat diet (20–70%). Among the lingonberry diets, the diet containing whole lingonberries had the highest concentration of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid (T-UDCA), α and ω-muricholic acids (MCA) and tauro-α-MCA (T-α-MCA), and the lowest concentration of tauro-cholic acid (T-CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and tauro-deoxycholic acid (T-DCA). The glycine-conjugated BAs were very similar with all diets. CDCA, UDCA and α-MCA correlated positively with Bifidobacterium and Prevotella, and T-UDCA, T-α-MCA and ω-MCA with Bacteroides and Parabacteroides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Ghaffarzadegan
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden. .,Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Essén
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Phebe Verbrugghe
- Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nittaya Marungruang
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frida Fåk Hållenius
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Nyman
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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16
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GAMA MARIANAR, MELCHERT WANESSAR, PAIXÃO THIAGOR, ROCHA FÁBIOR. An overview of the Brazilian contributions to Green Analytical Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 91:e20180294. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Filippou O, Bitas D, Samanidou V. Green approaches in sample preparation of bioanalytical samples prior to chromatographic analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1043:44-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Yang Z, Li L, Hu H, Xu M, Gu J, Wang ZJ, Yu L, Zeng S. Reverse of Acute and Chronic Morphine Tolerance by Lithocholic Acid via Down-Regulating UGT2B7. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:404. [PMID: 27847477 PMCID: PMC5088436 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithocholic acid (LCA) deposited in human livers always induces drastic pains which need analgesic drug, like morphine to release. Our research showed that LCA can effectively inhibit uridine 5’-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) in morphine tolerance-like human normal liver cells, HL-7702, then increase μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and calcium–calmodulin dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) expression. In vivo assay, UGT2B7 was significantly repressed in the livers of acute or chronic morphine tolerance mice pretreated with LCA (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg, p.o.). To investigate the connections between LCA function performance and change of UGT2B7 enzymatic activity in mice livers, two morphine metabolites, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) were quantified by solid phase extraction (SPE)–HPLC–MS/MS. The result indicated no matter in acute or chronic morphine tolerance, the concentrations of M3G and M6G were all decreased, the later one fell even more. Besides that, 50 mg/kg of LCA administration can prevent auto-phosphorylation of CaMKIIα at Thr286 in acute or chronic morphine tolerance mice prefrontal cortexes (mPFCs) due to synthesis increase of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. As a consequence, UGT2B7 depression mediated by LCA can affect its selective catalysis ability to morphine, that may be responsible to acute or chronic morphine tolerance alleviation. These findings might assist to modify antinociception of morphine in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics Hangzhou, China
| | - Haihong Hu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingcheng Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Zaijie Jim Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences and Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Lushan Yu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
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19
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Sánchez-Guijo A, Blaschka C, Hartmann MF, Wrenzycki C, Wudy SA. Profiling of bile acids in bovine follicular fluid by fused-core-LC-MS/MS. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 162:117-25. [PMID: 26924583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are present in follicular fluid (FF) from humans and cattle. This fact has triggered an interest on the role BAs might play in folliculogenesis and their possible association with fertility. To achieve a better understanding about this subject, new methods are needed to provide reliable information about concentrations of the most important BAs in FF. In this context, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) offers high specificity with a relatively simple sample workup. We developed and validated a new assay for the quick profiling of the 9 most abundant BAs in follicular fluid from cattle. The method uses 200μl of FF and can quantify cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and their glycine (G) and taurine (T) conjugates. Lithocholic acid (LCA), its conjugates GLCA and TLCA, and sulfated forms, were present in some samples, but their concentration was low compared to other BAs (in average, below 60ng/ml for LCA, GLCA or TLCA and below 20ng/ml for their corresponding sulfates). Method performance was studied at three quality controls for each compound in consonance with their physiological concentration. Excellent linearity and recovery were found for all compounds at every control level. Intra-day and between-day precisions (%CV) and accuracies (relative errors) were below 15% for all the compounds. Matrix effects were negligible for most of the analytes. Samples undergoing freeze-thaw showed no degradation of their BAs. The method makes use of a fused-core phenyl column coupled to a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer to achieve chromatographic separation within 5min. We quantified BAs grouped in four different follicle sizes (3-5mm, 6-8mm, 9-14mm, >15mm), obtaining a similar relative BA profile for all the sizes, with CA always in higher concentration, ranging between 1600 and 18000ng/ml, approximately, followed by its conjugate glycocholic acid, GCA, which ranged between 800 and 9000ng/ml. The highest concentration in CA, DCA or CDCA was always detected in FF stemming from follicles of 6-8mm. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which BAs subspecies have been detected and quantified in bovine follicular fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sánchez-Guijo
- Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - C Blaschka
- Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Department of Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - M F Hartmann
- Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - C Wrenzycki
- Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Department of Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - S A Wudy
- Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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