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Marciano LPA, Costa LF, Cardoso NS, Freire J, Feltrim F, Oliveira GS, Paula FBA, Silvério ACP, Martins I. Biomonitoring and risk assessment of human exposure to triazole fungicides. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 147:105565. [PMID: 38185363 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Risk assessment and biomarkers were evaluated in volunteers exposed to triazole fungicides in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Volunteers were divided into two groups: occupationally and environmentally exposed to pesticides (n = 140) and those unexposed (n = 50) from urban areas. Urine samples were analyzed by GC-MS for triazoles, and samples from men and women in the exposed group were quantified. Groups were further stratified by sex to evaluate the biomarkers results. Oxidative stress was indicated by biomarker analysis for occupationally exposed men with elevated malondialdehyde levels and reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase activity (p < 0.0001). Bile acid levels were also elevated in the exposed group (p < 0.0001). Biomarkers in this study suggest recent, reversible changes due to pesticide exposure. Liver enzyme levels showed no significant differences. The highest Estimated Daily Intake for epoxiconazole ranged from 0.534 to 6.31 μg/kg-bw/day for men and 0.657-8.77 μg/kg-bw/day for women in the exposed group. Considering the highest detected urinary triazole value, the calculated Hazard Quotient for epoxiconazole was 0.789 for men and 1.1 for women. Results indicate a health risk associated with environmental triazole exposure, highlighting the importance of biomonitoring in risk assessment to prevent intoxication and assist in mitigating adverse health effects from chronic pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz P A Marciano
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luiz F Costa
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Naiane S Cardoso
- Clinical and Experimental Analysis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Josiane Freire
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Feltrim
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Geovana S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda B A Paula
- Clinical and Experimental Analysis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Isarita Martins
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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Soares RDF, Campos MGN, Ribeiro GP, Salles BCC, Cardoso NS, Ribeiro JR, Souza RM, Leme KC, Soares CB, de Oliveira CM, Elston LB, da Fonseca CCP, Ferreira EB, Rodrigues MR, Duarte SMS, Paula FBA. Development of a chitosan hydrogel containing flavonoids extracted from Passiflora edulis leaves and the evaluation of its antioxidant and wound healing properties for the treatment of skin lesions in diabetic mice. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:654-662. [PMID: 31747098 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a chitosan-based hydrogel containing a mixture of flavonoids isolated from the leaves of Passiflora edulis Sims and to evaluate its stability, antioxidant properties, and wound healing effects on cutaneous lesions in diabetic rats. in vitro studies were carried out to evaluate the biocompatibility and flavonoid release from the chitosan hydrogel. in vivo wound healing studies were conducted on male Wistar rats, where the injured tissue was removed for histological analysis and determination of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity, and glutathione peroxidase activity. From the histological analysis and macroscopic evaluation of the contraction of the wounds, it was observed that the formulation presented wound healing properties. In addition, treatment of the wound with the formulation stimulated the antioxidant defense system, suggesting a beneficial effect during the treatment of skin lesions in diabetic rats, especially in the first few days after wounding. According to these results, we can conclude that the chitosan hydrogel containing the flavonoid analyzed in this study has potential use as dressings in the treatment of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita D F Soares
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Maria G N Campos
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, Brazil
| | - Gislaine P Ribeiro
- Department of Food and Drugs, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Bruno C C Salles
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil.,José do Rosário Vellano University, MG, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Naiane S Cardoso
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Julia R Ribeiro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Raphaela M Souza
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Krissia C Leme
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Caroline B Soares
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, Brazil
| | - Carla M de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Lilian B Elston
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Poços de Caldas, Brazil
| | | | - Eric B Ferreira
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Maria R Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Stella M S Duarte
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Fernanda B A Paula
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
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