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Zorzella Fontana ME, Caiel da Silva R, Duarte Dos Santos I, Neu JP, Wouters RD, Babinski PJ, Hoffmann JF, Rossi RC, Essi L, Pizzutti IR. Comprehensive assessment of clean-up strategies for optimizing an analytical multi-method to determine pesticides and mycotoxins in Brazilian medicinal herbs using QuEChERS-LC-TQ-MS/MS. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:5082-5104. [PMID: 38990094 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00599f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The use of medicinal herbs has increased significantly. However, the presence of pesticide residues and mycotoxins in medicinal herbs has generated constant discussion and concern among regulatory agencies. Developing and validating an analytical method for determining pesticides and mycotoxins in medicinal plants is challenging due to the naturally occurring substances in these plants. The purpose of this work was to develop and to optimize a sensitive, accurate, precise, effective QuEChERS method for simultaneous determination of over 160 pesticide and mycotoxin residues in complex medicinal plant matrices using LC-TQ-MS/MS. A comprehensive comparison of clean-up procedures and other parameters was conducted to achieve this goal. The validation procedure was performed according to SANTE 11312/2021. More polar analytes, such as acephate, methamidophos and omethoate, presented a higher negative matrix effect in both Melissa officinalis L. and Malva sylvestris L. However, other molecules, such as spirodiclofen, showed a 24% signal enhancement in M. officinalis and a 46% signal suppression in M. sylvestris, indicating that a representative matrix-matched calibration would lead to inaccurate quantification of the analyte. Accuracy and precision were satisfactory according to SANTE 11312/2021 for 157 pesticide residues and mycotoxins in M. officinalis and for 152 molecules in M. sylvestris. LOQs at 10 µg kg-1 were achieved for 117 pesticides in M. officinalis and 99 pesticides in M. sylvestris. Among the mycotoxins, all four aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) presented LOQs of 5 µg kg-1, and ochratoxin A had an LOQ of 10 µg kg-1 in M. officinalis. The same LOQ values were shown for these mycotoxins in M. sylvestris, except for aflatoxin B2 and ochratoxin A, which had LOQs of 20 µg kg-1. Moreover, in Southern Brazil, there has been no previous study on mycotoxin and pesticide contamination in medicinal herbs. Therefore, the application of this method was assessed through the analysis of forty-two real samples. Imidacloprid was found in M. officinalis, and methyl pirimiphos was found in M. sylvestris. The proposed method not only serves as a helpful tool for routine monitoring but also offers a basis for further research on risk assessment and control in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlos Eduardo Zorzella Fontana
- UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, Center of Research and Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (CEPARC), 97105-900, Santa Maria/RS, Brazil.
| | - Rosselei Caiel da Silva
- UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, Center of Research and Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (CEPARC), 97105-900, Santa Maria/RS, Brazil.
| | - Ingrid Duarte Dos Santos
- UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, Center of Research and Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (CEPARC), 97105-900, Santa Maria/RS, Brazil.
- UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Food Science and Technology Department, 97105-900, Santa Maria/RS, Brazil
| | - Júlia Paula Neu
- UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, Center of Research and Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (CEPARC), 97105-900, Santa Maria/RS, Brazil.
| | - Robson Dias Wouters
- UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, Center of Research and Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (CEPARC), 97105-900, Santa Maria/RS, Brazil.
| | - Paola Jennifer Babinski
- UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, Center of Research and Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (CEPARC), 97105-900, Santa Maria/RS, Brazil.
| | - Jessica Fernanda Hoffmann
- UNISINOS - University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Health School - Professional Master's in Food, Nutrition and Health, 93022-000, São Leopoldo/RS, Brazil
| | - Rochele Cassanta Rossi
- UNISINOS - University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Health School - Professional Master's in Food, Nutrition and Health, 93022-000, São Leopoldo/RS, Brazil
| | - Liliana Essi
- UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Biology Department, 97105-900, Santa Maria/RS, Brazil
| | - Ionara Regina Pizzutti
- UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, Center of Research and Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (CEPARC), 97105-900, Santa Maria/RS, Brazil.
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Li W, Dong C, Hao Z, Wu X, Ding D, Duan J. The effectiveness and feasibility of ball-milled powdered activated carbon (BPAC) for removal of organic pesticides in conventional drinking water treatment process. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142229. [PMID: 38723688 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
In the conventional drinking water treatment process (CDWTP), powdered activated carbon (PAC) is commonly used for removing organic pesticides, or other organic contaminants. However, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) in CDWTP is insufficient for fulfilling PAC adsorption equilibrium to realize its full capacity. This study examined the adsorption kinetics, adsorption thermal dynamics, and removal efficiency for six organic pesticides using the ball-milled PAC (BPAC) with varying particle sizes in CDWTP. Based on the experiments with the pesticides of atrazine, diazinon, dimethoate, fenitrothion, isoproturon and thiometon, the results indicated that as the particle size reduced from around 38 μm for the commercial PAC to 1 μm for the BPAC, the adsorption rates for hydrophobic pesticides increased up to twentyfold. Diffusional adsorption from the bulk solution to the external PAC surface is the most likely predominant mechanism. This could allow a sufficient pesticides' adsorption within the limited HRT and to achieve a great depth removal of these toxic compounds. However, the addition of BPAC with a diameter of 1 μm was observed to significantly increase residual particles in treated water after the conventional treatment process. With a further systematic evaluation of both adsorption rate and particle penetration, a particle size of around 6 μm BPAC was considered a practical compromise between the adsorption rate and particle penetration for real application. Results from five surface waters of different water quality indicated that, compared to commercial PAC, application of 6 μm BPAC could achieve up to a 75% reduction in adsorbent dosage while maintaining around the same pesticide removal efficiencies. Additionally, thermodynamic analyses suggest that adsorption of these pesticides could be enthalpically or entropically driven depending on the degree of pesticide hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Congjian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zijing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Donghai Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Jinming Duan
- Centre for Water Management and Reuse, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA, 5095, Australia.
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Zhang H, Wu H, Zheng G, Zhong Y, Tan Z. Variation profile of diarrhetic shellfish toxins and diol esters derivatives of Prorocentrum lima during growth by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Toxicon 2023:107224. [PMID: 37437785 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Prorocentrum lima is a widely distributed toxigenic benthic dinoflagellate whose production of diarrhetic shellfish toxins threatens the shellfish industry and seafood safety. Current research primarily assesses the difference between free and post-hydrolysis total toxin methods, ignoring the impact of different detection methods on technical accuracy. After removing matrix interference with SPE extraction, a thorough HRMS strategy was created in this study. Alkaline hydrolysis could release the diol esters and played a crucial role in obtaining an accurate assessment of toxin levels, achieving satisfactory recoveries (74.0-147.0%) and repeatability (relative deviation <12.3%). The HRMS approach evaluated toxin profile variation during the growth of three P. lima strains from China. A total of 24 toxin contents varying in composition, content, and a high proportion were detected. The SHG, HN, and 3XS strains had total toxin contents of 23.3 ± 1.74, 19.8 ± 1.25, and 19.5 ± 1.58 pg cell-1, respectively. The diol esters proportion varied among the strains, with SHG having 58.9-69.9, HN having 75.4-86.5, and 3XS having 91.0-91.7%. The variety of toxins produced by distinct P. lima strains highlighted the significance of this method for appropriately measuring the risks connected with DSTs manufacturing. The proposed approach provides a technical basis for gathering comprehensive and accurate data on the potential risks of P. lima DSTs production, with significant implications for ensuring food safety and preventing harmful toxins from spreading in the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Guanchao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Evaluation of matrix effects for pesticide residue analysis by QuEChERs coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS in complex herbal matrix. Food Chem 2022; 405:134755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhao T, Zhang M, Ma L, Ma L, Shi H, Kang W, Xu X. Cyanuric chloride-imidazole dendrimer functionalized nanoparticles as an adsorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction of quaternary ammonium compounds from fruit and vegetable puree based infant foods. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461735. [PMID: 33316560 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) material (Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2-G2) had been prepared and employed for adsorption and analysis of seven quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in infant fruit and vegetable products coupled with high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). In this paper, Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2-G2 was synthesized based on Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2 and dendrimer (G2) consisting of cyanuric chloride and imidazole. The morphology, configuration and magnetic behavior of the magnetic material were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Critical parameters affecting extraction efficiency, such as the adsorbent amount, sample pH, extraction time, the type of eluent, and desorption time, were optimized. The proposed method provided good linearity with the correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9992-0.9999, low limits of detection (LODs) (0.05-0.50 μg kg-1) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) (0.20-2.00 μg kg-1). The satisfactory method recoveries in three spiked infant fruit and vegetable products samples were between 80.12% and 101.35% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 12.04%. In summary, the established method was an effective sample preparation method and showed good prospect for the analysis of QACs in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangjuan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Mengyan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Ling Ma
- Shijiazhuang Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Hongmei Shi
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Weijun Kang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
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6
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Zhang M, Lian K, Ai L, Kang W, Zhao T. Simultaneous determination of 11 antiseptic ingredients in surface water based on polypyrrole decorated magnetic nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37473-37481. [PMID: 35521266 PMCID: PMC9057185 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07064e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the emergence and spread of coronavirus COVID-19, the use of personal cleansing, medical and household disinfectant products have increased significantly. In this work, a new magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method for the determination of 11 antiseptic ingredients in surface water by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for 6 months based on Fe3O4@PPy magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was established. The MSPE method possessed the advantages of simple processing, little time consumption and less organic solvent consumption, and the MNPs could be reused several times. The analytical parameters influencing the extraction efficiency, such as sample pH, amount of MNPs and extraction time, were optimized in detail. It was indicated that the method had satisfactory linearities in the range of 0.50 to 1000.0 μg L-1 with the correlation coefficients (r) higher than 0.9996. Additionally, satisfactory spiked recoveries were achieved in the range of 80.21-107.33% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 1.98% to 8.05%. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) were in the range of 0.20 to 2.0 μg L-1 and 0.50 to 5.0 μg L-1. Therefore, the developed MSPE-HPLC-MS/MS method has high selectivity and stability, and satisfactory quantitative capability for the antiseptic ingredients in surface water. Furthermore, this method can provide relevant technical support for the development of surface water standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 PR China
| | - Kaoqi Lian
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 PR China
| | - Lianfeng Ai
- Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs Shijiazhuang 050051 China
| | - Weijun Kang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 PR China
| | - Tangjuan Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 PR China
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Li W, Zhao Y, Yan X, Duan J, Saint CP, Beecham S. Transformation pathway and toxicity assessment of malathion in aqueous solution during UV photolysis and photocatalysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:204-214. [PMID: 31220654 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In drinking water treatment, complete mineralization of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) by UV-based advanced oxidation processes (UV AOPs) is rarely achieved. The formation of intermediate oxidation byproducts would likely have some profound effects on toxicity of the reaction solutions. This study investigated the intermediate oxidation byproducts, transformation pathway and toxicity of malathion solutions during the treatment processes of UV alone, UV/H2O2, UV/TiO2 and UV/Fenton. The main intermediate oxidation byproducts were derived using ultra-performance liquid chromatography - electrospray - time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Thereby the transformation pathway for each of these treatment processes was proposed. The results indicate that in UV photolysis, the transformation pathway of malathion proceeded initially via cleavage of the phosphorus-sulfur bonds while in photocatalysis, the desulfurization from a PS bond to a PO bond was the primary degradation pathway. Interestingly, only in the UV/TiO2 process a small fraction of malathion was found decomposed via a demethylation reaction. At the same time, a toxicity assessment of the treated solutions was conducted by both luminescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). It was found that after UV AOP treatment, the toxicity of the malathion aqueous solution increased sharply. In contrast, no increase in toxicity was observed for the malathion aqueous solution after UV alone treatment. This study demonstrates that the high removal efficiency achieved by OPPs does not imply that detoxification of the water solution has been achieved. On the contrary, the toxicity of the treated solutions by OPPs may be increased significantly depending on the selected treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China; Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA, 5095, Australia.
| | - Yao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Jinming Duan
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA, 5095, Australia.
| | - Christopher P Saint
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Simon Beecham
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA, 5095, Australia
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Mosekiemang TT, Stander MA, de Villiers A. Simultaneous quantification of commonly prescribed antiretroviral drugs and their selected metabolites in aqueous environmental samples by direct injection and solid phase extraction liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:983-992. [PMID: 33395820 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread implementation of antiretroviral therapy medication has made antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) a significant pharmaceutical class in regions of high HIV infection rates. However, relatively little is known regarding the environmental occurrence of these emerging contaminants, and this is especially true for their metabolites. In this work, we report analytical methods to study the simultaneous occurrence of a range of common ARVDs and some of their known metabolites in surface water and wastewater. A novel direct injection liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method is reported for the analysis of ARVDs of different therapeutic classes and their selected metabolites in wastewater samples. In addition, a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure was developed for pre-concentration of ARVs and metabolites from surface water samples. The respective methods proved suitable for the quantitative analysis of six parent ARVDs from three ARV classes, as well as three metabolites. Method validation showed average recoveries of 86% for the direct injection method, and 64% for the SPE method. With the exception of Zidovudine and the metabolites of Zidovudine and Ritonavir, all target ARVDs were detected in wastewater samples from two wastewater treatment plants in the Western Cape, South Africa. Higher concentrations were generally measured in influent compared to effluent samples, in the dry compared to the wet season as well as in chlorinated compared to uv-irradiated effluents. This study contributes for the first time quantitative data on the environmental occurrence of the known metabolites of Nevirapine (12-hydroxy-Nevirapine) and Efavirenz (8,14-dihydroxy-Efavirenz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tlou T Mosekiemang
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Maria A Stander
- Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - André de Villiers
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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Peng XY, Tang YK, Yang WW, Chen YN, Zhou Y, Yuan Y, Huang YF, Liu L. Occurrence of microcystin-LR in vegetated lagoons used for urban runoff management. Toxicon 2019; 160:23-28. [PMID: 30772435 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phytoremediation with aquatic macrophyte has been considered as an eco-friendly technique for controlling harmful cyanobacteria outbreak and proven to be effective. The conventional water quality parameters are frequently measured to evaluate the effectiveness of phytoremediation. However, the concentration of microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) in different vegetated water still remains uncertain. In this study, the contents of MC-LR in four macrophyte-vegetated lagoons were determined by solid phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry technology. Results indicated that MC-LR was found in Nymphaea tetragona lagoon (lagoon-S), Vallisneria spiralis lagoon (lagoon-B) and another Vallisneria spiralis lagoon (lagoon-J). Only in lagoon dominated by Pistia stratiotes L. (lagoon-D), MC-LR concentration was undiscovered regardless of seasonal variation. The levels of MC-LR varied seasonally and were affected by the different vegetated aquatic macrophytes. The results suggest that in addition to conventional physicochemical parameters and indicators of water quality, MC-LR levels should be taken into consideration when the effectiveness of phytoremediation is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Peng
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yan-Kui Tang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Wei-Wei Yang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yu-Nong Chen
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yin-Feng Huang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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10
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Method development, matrix effect, and risk assessment of 49 multiclass pesticides in kiwifruit using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1076:130-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Evaluation of mutual interference between bovine α-lactalbumin peptide and its isotope-labeled peptide in whey protein analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1533:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Rutkowska E, Łozowicka B, Kaczyński P. Modification of Multiresidue QuEChERS Protocol to Minimize Matrix Effect and Improve Recoveries for Determination of Pesticide Residues in Dried Herbs Followed by GC-MS/MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Caspar AT, Kollas AB, Maurer HH, Meyer MR. Development of a quantitative approach in blood plasma for low-dosed hallucinogens and opioids using LC-high resolution mass spectrometry. Talanta 2017; 176:635-645. [PMID: 28917801 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The WHO annually reports an increasing abuse of new psychoactive substances (NPS), which are a heterogeneous group of synthetic drugs and are consumed as substitute for controlled drugs of abuse. In this work, we focused on highly potent derivatives such those of phenethylamine (2C), N-2-methoxybenzyl phenethylamine (NBOMes), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and fentanyl. Severe to fatal intoxications were described due to their high potency. Therefore, they have to be taken at very low doses resulting in low blood concentration in the low ng/mL range, which is a challenge for reliable analytical detection and quantification. The aim of this work was therefore to design a simple, robust, and fast method for simultaneous detection and quantification of multiple substances of the different classes in human blood plasma using liquid chromatography (LC) high resolution (HR) mass spectrometry (MS) with alternating HR full-scan (HRFS) MS and "All-ions fragmentation" (AIF) MS. The paper contains results of the method validation according to the EMA guideline, including intra-/interday accuracy and precision, matrix effects, storage and benchtop analyte stability as well as selectivity and carryover. All validation criteria were fulfilled for most tested compounds except for the NBOMe derivatives, one out of ten 2C-derivatives and butyryl fentanyl, which failed at accuracy and/or precision or at the acceptance criteria for matrix effect. Reasons for this are discussed and solutions presented. Despite some limitations, the HRFS + AIFMS analysis allowed detection of most of the analytes down to 0.1ng/mL, seamless integration of new or unexpected analytes, identification and quantification with no limitations on the number of monitored compounds, and reevaluation of the acquired data also concerning metabolism studies using group-indicating fragment ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim T Caspar
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas B Kollas
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hans H Maurer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus R Meyer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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14
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Yuan J, Duan J, Li W, Saint CP, Mulcahy D. Evaluation of Methylated Silica Solid-Phase Extraction Sorbent to Retain a Surfactant in the Detection of Pesticides in Water Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Li W, Wu R, Duan J, Saint CP, van Leeuwen J. Impact of prechlorination on organophosphorus pesticides during drinking water treatment: Removal and transformation to toxic oxon byproducts. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 105:1-10. [PMID: 27589240 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Prechlorination is commonly used to minimize operational problems associated with biological growth as well as taste and odor control during drinking water treatment. However, prechlorination can also oxidise micropollutants into intermediate byproducts. This could impose profound effects on the safety of the finished water if the transformed byproducts are more toxic and less removable. This study investigated the effect of prechlorination on decomposition and subsequent removal of the four organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs): chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion and tolclofos-methyl using a simulated conventional water treatment process of powdered activated carbon assisted coagulation-sedimentation-filtration (PAC-CSF) and postchlorination. It was found that, following prechlorination, not only did the percentage of OPPs oxidation vary significantly, but also the concentration of transformed oxons, which are more toxic than their parent compounds, increased as the major identified oxidation byproducts in water. Removal of these oxons proved to be more difficult by the PAC-CSF than their parent OPPs, because they are more water soluble and more hydrophilic. Both the OPP oxidation and oxon formation increased with chlorine dose during prechlorination. Meanwhile, the continuing chlorination of OPPs by residual free chlorine during PAC-CSF further complicated the pesticide removal processes, generally resulting in a gradually increased formation of oxons. Moreover, in the final treatment stage of postchlorination, the more chlorine-reactive pesticides, malathion and diazinon, were completely oxidised and the formation of corresponding oxons was increased with the prechlorine dose. In contrast, a certain amount of the less chlorine-reactive pesticide tolclofos-methyl still remained in solution after postchlorination, accompanied by an increased formation of tolclofos-methyl oxon with prechlorine dose. Since the oxons are resistant to further oxidation and less adsorbable during the PAC-CSF process, the gross removal of these pesticides and their oxons decreased with increase of the prechlorine dose. This led to an accumulation of the more toxic oxons in the finished water, especially at higher chlorine doses during prechlorination. The significance of this work is the demonstration that, under circumstances where prechlorination is used and source water contains traces of OPPs, alternative practices should be prioritized to avoid the potential risks involved in consumption of the treated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Ruiqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Jinming Duan
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710055, China; Natural & Built Environments Research Centre, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA, 5095, Australia.
| | - Christopher P Saint
- Natural & Built Environments Research Centre, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - John van Leeuwen
- Natural & Built Environments Research Centre, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA, 5095, Australia
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