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Grigoras AG. Investigation of Cellulose-Based Materials Applied in Life Sciences Using Laser Light Scattering Methods. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1170. [PMID: 38675089 PMCID: PMC11054383 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review emphasizes the practical importance of laser light scattering methods for characterizing cellulose and its derivatives. The physicochemical parameters like molecular weights, the radius of gyration, hydrodynamic radius, and conformation will be considered when the reproducibility of polymer behavior in solution is necessary for the subsequent optimization of the property profile of a designed product. Since there are various sources of cellulose, and the methods of cellulose extraction and chemical modification have variable yields, materials with variable molecular weights, and size polydispersity will often result. Later, the molecular masses will influence other physicochemical properties of cellulosic materials, both in solution and solid state. Consequently, the most rigorous determination of these quantities is imperative. In this regard, the following are presented and discussed in this review: the theoretical foundations of the light scattering phenomenon, the evolution of the specific instrumentation and detectors, the development of the detector-coupling techniques which include a light scattering detector, and finally, the importance of the specific parameters of polymers in solution, resulting from the data analysis of light scattering signals. All these aspects are summarized according to the chemical classification of the materials: celluloses, esters of cellulose, co-esters of cellulose, alkyl esters of cellulose, ethers of cellulose, and other heterogeneous cellulose derivatives with applications in life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Giorgiana Grigoras
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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Paper Ageing: The Effect of Paper Chemical Composition on Hydrolysis and Oxidation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071029. [PMID: 33810293 PMCID: PMC8036582 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation of cellulose is an important factor influencing its mechanical, optical, physical, and chemical properties and, hence, the lifetime of paper in libraries and archival collections. Regardless of the complexity of the paper material, the main chemical pathways for its degradation are hydrolysis and oxidation. This study presents an overview of the analytical techniques employed in the evaluation of the hydrolysis and oxidation processes; these techniques include size-exclusion chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. This paper aims to determine the extent to which these instrumental methods are useful for studying the aforementioned processes and for which lignin contents. It also highlights how atmospheric humidity could affect the cellulose structure in paper containing lignin. It was found that humidity causes significant changes in the cellulose chain lengths and that a high lignin content in paper could suppress some cellulose degradation pathways. This knowledge can be applied to developing strategies and selective chemical treatments preventing the consequences of paper ageing.
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Bagniuk J, Pawcenis D, Conte AM, Pulci O, Aksamit-Koperska M, Missori M, Łojewska J. How to estimate cellulose condition in insulation transformers papers? Combined chromatographic and spectroscopic study. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.108951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Purification, Characterization and Degradation Performance of a Novel Dextranase from Penicillium cyclopium CICC-4022. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061360. [PMID: 30889875 PMCID: PMC6471568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel dextranase was purified from Penicillium cyclopium CICC-4022 by ammonium sulfate fractional precipitation and gel filtration chromatography. The effects of temperature, pH and some metal ions and chemicals on dextranase activity were investigated. Subsequently, the dextranase was used to produce dextran with specific molecular mass. Weight-average molecular mass (Mw) and the ratio of weight-average molecular mass/number-average molecular mass, or polydispersity index (Mw/Mn), of dextran were measured by multiple-angle laser light scattering (MALS) combined with gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The dextranase was purified to 16.09-fold concentration; the recovery rate was 29.17%; and the specific activity reached 350.29 U/mg. Mw of the dextranase was 66 kDa, which is similar to dextranase obtained from other Penicillium species reported previously. The highest activity was observed at 55 °C and a pH of 5.0. This dextranase was identified as an endodextranase, which specifically degraded the α-1,6 glucosidic bonds of dextran. According to metal ion dependency tests, Li+, Na+ and Fe2+ were observed to effectively improve the enzymatic activity. In particular, Li+ could improve the activity to 116.28%. Furthermore, the dextranase was efficient at degrading dextran and the degradation rate can be well controlled by the dextranase activity, substrate concentration and reaction time. Thus, our results demonstrate the high potential of this dextranase from Penicillium cyclopium CICC-4022 as an efficient enzyme to produce specific clinical dextrans.
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Mattonai M, Pawcenis D, Del Seppia S, Łojewska J, Ribechini E. Effect of ball-milling on crystallinity index, degree of polymerization and thermal stability of cellulose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:270-277. [PMID: 30223158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A combined study of crystallinity index (CI), degree of polymerisation (DP) and thermal stability of cellulose was carried out for monitoring the effect of ball-milling. DP and CI are two fundamental quantities that describe the physico-chemical behaviour of cellulose. Milling is a common strategy to reduce cellulose crystallinity. In this work, four different commercially available celluloses were milled at 30, 60 and 120 min, and the changes in DP and CI were monitored using spectroscopic, diffraction and chromatographic techniques. Evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) was also used to evaluate the changes in apparent activation energy (Ea) of the pyrolysis reaction upon different milling times by using model-free isoconversional methods. The results showed substantial decrease in CI values and moderate changes in DP after two-hours of ball-milling. Ea were found in the range 110-140 kJ/mol, and were reduced by 10% on average after two hours of ball-milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mattonai
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Dominika Pawcenis
- Department of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Serena Del Seppia
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Joanna Łojewska
- Department of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Erika Ribechini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Characterization of plant polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale by multiple chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1547:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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7
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Galván ZRN, Soares LDS, Medeiros EAA, Soares NDFF, Ramos AM, Coimbra JSDR, de Oliveira EB. Rheological Properties of Aqueous Dispersions of Xanthan Gum Containing Different Chloride Salts Are Impacted by both Sizes and Net Electric Charges of the Cations. FOOD BIOPHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-018-9524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ma H, Jiang Q, Dai D, Li H, Bi W, Da Yong Chen D. Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry for Characterization of Large Saccharides. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3628-3636. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Diya Dai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wentao Bi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Recognizing ancient papyri by a combination of spectroscopic, diffractional and chromatographic analytical tools. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46236. [PMID: 28382971 PMCID: PMC5382779 DOI: 10.1038/srep46236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ancient papyri are a written heritage of culture that flourished more than 3000 years ago in Egypt. One of the most significant collections in the world is housed in the Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection in Berlin, from where the samples for our investigation come. The papyrologists, curators and conservators of such collections search intensely for the analytical detail that would allow ancient papyri to be distinguished from modern fabrications, in order to detect possible forgeries, assess papyrus deterioration state, and improve the design of storage conditions and conservation methods. This has become the aim of our investigation. The samples were studied by a number of methods, including spectroscopic (FTIR, fluorescent-FS, Raman) diffractional (XRD) and chromatographic (size exclusion chromatography-SEC), selected in order to determine degradation parameters: overall oxidation of lignocellulosic material, degree of polymerization and crystallinity of cellulose. The results were correlated with those obtained from carefully selected model samples including modern papyri and paper of different composition aged at elevated temperature in humid air. The methods were classified in the order SEC > FS > FTIR > XRD, based on their effectiveness in discriminating the state of papyri degradation. However, the most trustworthy evaluation of the age of papyri samples should rely on several methods.
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Natalio F, Tahir MN, Friedrich N, Köck M, Fritz-Popovski G, Paris O, Paschke R. Structural analysis of Gossypium hirsutum fibers grown under greenhouse and hydroponic conditions. J Struct Biol 2016; 194:292-302. [PMID: 26965558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cotton is the one of the world's most important crops. Like any other crop, cotton growth/development and fiber quality is highly dependent on environmental factors. Increasing global weather instability has been negatively impacting its economy. Cotton is a crop that exerts an intensive pressure over natural resources (land and water) and demands an overuse of pesticides. Thus, the search for alternative cotton culture methods that are pesticide-free (biocotton) and enable customized standard fiber quality should be encouraged. Here we describe a culture of Gossypium hirsutum ("Upland" Cotton) utilizing a greenhouse and hydroponics in which the fibers are morphological similar to conventional cultures and structurally fit into the classical two-phase cellulose I model with 4.19nm crystalline domains surrounded by amorphous regions. These fibers exhibit a single crystalline form of cellulose I-Iß, monoclinic unit cell. Fiber quality bulk analysis shows an improved length, strength, whiteness when compared with soil-based cultures. Finally, we show that our fibers can be spun, used for production of non-woven fabrics and indigo-vat stained demonstrating its potential in industrial and commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Natalio
- Institut für Chemie - Anorganische Chemie, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II-Chemie, Physik und Mathematik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, Halle 06120, Germany.
| | - Muhammad Nawaz Tahir
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Norman Friedrich
- Institut für Chemie - Anorganische Chemie, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II-Chemie, Physik und Mathematik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Margret Köck
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Biozentrum, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Gerhard Fritz-Popovski
- Institut für Physik, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Oskar Paris
- Institut für Physik, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Reinhard Paschke
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Biozentrum, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany; Institut für Chemie - Organische Chemie, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II-Chemie, Physik und Mathematik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, Halle 06120, Germany
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