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Eie LV, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Hansen FA. Electromembrane extraction of polar substances - Status and perspectives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114407. [PMID: 34634529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the scientific literature on electromembrane extraction (EME) of polar substances (log P < 2) is reviewed. EME is an extraction technique based on electrokinetic migration of analyte ions from an aqueous sample, across an organic supported liquid membrane (SLM), and into an aqueous acceptor solution. Because extraction is based on voltage-assisted partitioning, EME is fundamentally suitable for extraction of polar and ionizable substances that are challenging in many other extraction techniques. The article provides an exhaustive overview of papers on EME of polar substances. From this, different strategies to improve the mass transfer of polar substances are reviewed and critically discussed. These strategies include different SLM chemistries, modification of supporting membranes, sorbent additives, aqueous solution chemistry, and voltage/current related strategies. Finally, the future applicability of EME for polar substances is discussed. We expect EME in the coming years to be developed towards both very selective targeted analysis, as well as untargeted analysis of polar substances in biomedical applications such as metabolomics and peptidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vårdal Eie
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik André Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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2
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Farooq S, Ngaini Z. Mesomeric Effects of Azobenzene Bearing Natural Product-Based Molecules for Liquid Crystal Materials: An Overview. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:318-332. [PMID: 32778031 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200810142857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Latest progress in the liquid crystal (LC) field related to azo molecules incorporated into natural product- based moieties for the improvement of LC texture and mesomeric phases has received great interest among researchers. A LC containing natural product-based moieties i.e. menthol, kojic acid, cholesterol and chalcone with stable azo and azobenzene scaffolds with specific optical tunability, has been widely used in photo-active materials such as Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), LC films, smart windows and other devices. This review discusses the influence of azobenzene, a renowned photo-responsive and stable LC scaffold, in mesogenic phases due to photo-isomerization and optical switching. The incorporation of mesomeric phases of natural product moieties to azo molecules has improved the properties of LC, i.e, from the nematic phase to the smectic phase with proper magnetic field alignment. Natural product-based LC can be useful in numerous applications, especially practical electronic or optic devices such as optical image storage, display devices, solar cells, optical switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Farooq
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Zainab Ngaini
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
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3
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Alidoust M, Yamini Y, Baharfar M, Seidi S, Rasouli F. Microfluidic-enabled versatile hyphenation of electromembrane extraction and thin film solid phase microextraction. Talanta 2021; 224:121864. [PMID: 33379075 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a versatile combination of electromembrane extraction (EME) with thin film solid phase microextraction (TF-SPME) was introduced using a microfluidic chip device. The device consisted of two single channels on two separate layers. The upper channel was dedicated to donor phase flow pass, while the beneath channel was used as a reservoir for stagnant acceptor solution. A slide of fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) was accommodated in the bottom of the acceptor phase channel. A thin layer of polyaniline was electrodeposited on the FTO surface to achieve the required thin film for TF-SPME. A stainless-steel wire was embedded in the donor phase channel and another wire was also attached to the FTO surface. The channels were separated by a piece of polypropylene membrane impregnated with 1-octanol and the whole chip was fixed with bolts and nuts. The driving force for the extraction was an 8 V direct current (DC) voltage applied across the supported liquid membrane (SLM). Under the influence of the electrical field, analytes immigrated from sample towards the acceptor phase and then adsorbed on the thin film of the solid phase. Finally, the analytes were desorbed by successive movement of a desorption solvent in the acceptor phase channel followed by injection of the desorption solution to HPLC-UV. The applicability of the proposed device was demonstrated by the determination of four synthetic food dyes: Amaranth, Ponceau 4R, Allura Red, and Carmoisine, as the model analytes. The effective parameters on the efficiency of the both EME and TF-SPME were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the microchip provided low LODs (1-10 μg L-1), and a wide linear dynamic range of 10-1000 μg L-1 for all analytes. The system also offered RSD values lower than 5.5% and acceptable reusability of the thin film for multiple extractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Alidoust
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115 175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115 175, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahroo Baharfar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115 175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Seidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rasouli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Shi Z, Li X, Wu Y, Chen M, Zhang H. Determination of Synthetic Colorants in Beverages by Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Effervescence-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:887-897. [PMID: 33529307 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method was proposed for the determination of four synthetic colorants in beverages by high-performance liquid chromatography. In this method, DES synthesized from choline chloride and phenol was used as extractant. The dispersion of DES was assisted by in situ CO2 produced from the effervescence reaction between NaH2PO4 and Na2CO3 without using any organic solvent or auxiliary equipment. Furthermore, phase separation occurred naturally in the presence of the salt products of effervescence reaction, without the addition of any other salting out reagents. Some important parameters, such as species, molar ratio and volume of DES, composition and amount of effervescent agents, were optimized to achieve the best extraction efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, extraction recoveries were obtained for the analytes in the range of 83.5-114.8%. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.6-3.0 ng/mL. Relative standard deviations for intra- and interday precision were <4.68 and 6.08%, respectively. This simple, rapid, cost-effective and environmentally friendly method has been successfully applied to the analysis of synthetic colorants in 10 kinds of beverage samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University; Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xinye Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University; Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University; Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Man Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University; Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University; Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
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5
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Kataoka H. In-tube solid-phase microextraction: Current trends and future perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461787. [PMID: 33359971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) was developed about 24 years ago as an effective sample preparation technique using an open tubular capillary column as an extraction device. IT-SPME is useful for micro-concentration, automated sample cleanup, and rapid online analysis, and can be used to determine the analytes in complex matrices simple sample processing methods such as direct sample injection or filtration. IT-SPME is usually performed in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography using an online column switching technology, in which the entire process from sample preparation to separation to data analysis is automated using the autosampler. Furthermore, IT-SPME minimizes the use of harmful organic solvents and is simple and labor-saving, making it a sustainable and environmentally friendly green analytical technique. Various operating systems and new sorbent materials have been developed to improve its extraction efficiency by, for example, enhancing its sorption capacity and selectivity. In addition, IT-SPME methods have been widely applied in environmental analysis, food analysis and bioanalysis. This review describes the present state of IT-SPME technology and summarizes its current trends and future perspectives, including method development and strategies to improve extraction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kataoka
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.
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6
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Moreda-Piñeiro J, Moreda-Piñeiro A. Combined assisted extraction techniques as green sample pre-treatments in food analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Determination of sulfonated azo dyes in chili powders by MALDI-TOF MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5833-5843. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Faraji M. Determination of some red dyes in food samples using a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based vortex assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1591:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Manganese dioxide Nanorods/electrochemically reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites modified electrodes for cost-effective and ultrasensitive detection of Amaranth. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 172:565-572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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10
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Lin B, Wan L, Sun X, Huang C, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Shen X. Electromembrane extraction of high level substances: A novel approach for selective recovery of templates in molecular imprinting. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Magnetic based nanocomposite sorbent combination with ultrasound assisted for solid-phase microextraction of Azure II in water samples prior to its determination spectrophotometric. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 513:240-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Salamat Q, Yamini Y, Moradi M, Karimi M, Nazraz M. Novel generation of nano-structured supramolecular solvents based on an ionic liquid as a green solvent for microextraction of some synthetic food dyes. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03943g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new, fast, and environmentally friendly supra molecular solvent was introduced for extraction of three synthetic food dyes in foodstuff samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Salamat
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Morteza Moradi
- Materials and Energy Research Center
- Department of Semiconductors
- Karaj
- Iran
| | - Meghdad Karimi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Mahsa Nazraz
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
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13
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14
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Rovina K, Siddiquee S, Shaarani SM. Toxicology, extraction and analytical methods for determination of Amaranth in food and beverage products. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Bazregar M, Rajabi M, Yamini Y, Asghari A. Improved in-tube electro-membrane extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography for simple and selective determination of ionic compounds: Optimization by central composite design. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2967-2974. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry; Semnan University; Semnan Iran
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
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16
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Selective determination of chromium(VI) ions using in-tube electro-membrane extraction followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Mirparizi E, Rajabi M, Bazregar M, Asghari A. Centrifugeless ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction based on salting-out phenomenon followed by high-performance liquid chromatography for the simple determination of phthalate esters in aqueous samples. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2022-2029. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry; Semnan University; Semnan Iran
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18
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Włodarczyk E, Zarzycki PK. Chromatographic behavior of selected dyes on silica and cellulose micro-TLC plates: Potential application as target substances for extraction, chromatographic, and/or microfluidic systems. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1298028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Włodarczyk
- Department of Environmental Technologies and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental, and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin, Poland
| | - Paweł K. Zarzycki
- Department of Environmental Technologies and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental, and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin, Poland
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19
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Rapid determination of some psychotropic drugs in complex matrices by tandem dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1052:51-59. [PMID: 28355580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple and rapid determinations of some psychotropic drugs in some pharmaceutical wastewater and human plasma samples were successfully accomplished via the tandem dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (TDLLME-HPLC-UV). TDLLME of the three psychotropic drugs clozapine, chlorpromazine, and thioridazine was easily performed through two consecutive dispersive liquid-liquid microextractions. By performing this convenient method, proper sample preconcentrations and clean-ups were achieved in just about 7min. In order to achieve the best extraction efficiency, the effective parameters involved were optimized. The optimal experimental conditions consisted of 100μL of CCl4 (as the extraction organic solvent), and the pH values of 13 and 2 for the donor and acceptor phases, respectively. Under these optimum experimental conditions, the proposed TDLLME-HPLC-UV technique provided a good linearity in the range of 5-3000ngmL-1 for the three psychotropic drugs with the correlation of determinations (R2s) higher than 0.996. The limits of quantification (LOQs) and limits of detection (LODs) obtained were 5.0ngmL-1 and 1.0-1.5ngmL-1, respectively. Also the proper enrichment factors (EFs) of 96, 99, and 88 for clozapine, chlorpromazine, and thioridazine, respectively, and good extraction repeatabilities (relative standard deviations below 9.3%, n=5) were obtained.
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20
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Huang C, Gjelstad A, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Electromembrane extraction with alkylated phosphites and phosphates as supported liquid membranes. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Mirparizi E, Rajabi M, Bazregar M, Asghari A. Centrifugeless dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on salting-out phenomenon as an efficient method for determination of phenolic compounds in environmental samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3007-3016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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22
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Low-toxic air-agitated liquid-liquid microextraction using a solidifiable organic solvent followed by gas chromatography for analysis of amitriptyline and imipramine in human plasma and wastewater samples. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Fahimirad B, Asghari A, Bazregar M, Rajabi M, Fahimi E. Application of tandem dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of doxepin, citalopram, and fluvoxamine in complicated samples. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4828-4834. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maryam Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry; Semnan University; Semnan Iran
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24
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Rapid determination of some beta-blockers in complicated matrices by tandem dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8163-8176. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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Huang C, Seip KF, Gjelstad A, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Electromembrane extraction of polar basic drugs from plasma with pure bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphite as supported liquid membrane. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 934:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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27
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Rovina K, Siddiquee S, Shaarani SM. Extraction, Analytical and Advanced Methods for Detection of Allura Red AC (E129) in Food and Beverages Products. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:798. [PMID: 27303385 PMCID: PMC4882322 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Allura Red AC (E129) is an azo dye that widely used in drinks, juices, bakery, meat, and sweets products. High consumption of Allura Red has claimed an adverse effects of human health including allergies, food intolerance, cancer, multiple sclerosis, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, brain damage, nausea, cardiac disease and asthma due to the reaction of aromatic azo compounds (R = R′ = aromatic). Several countries have banned and strictly controlled the uses of Allura Red in food and beverage products. This review paper is critically summarized on the available analytical and advanced methods for determination of Allura Red and also concisely discussed on the acceptable daily intake, toxicology and extraction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobun Rovina
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | | | - Sharifudin M Shaarani
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
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28
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Bazregar M, Rajabi M, Yamini Y, Asghari A, Hemmati M. Tandem air-agitated liquid–liquid microextraction as an efficient method for determination of acidic drugs in complicated matrices. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 917:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Abstract
Sample preparation is a vital and inseparable part of an analytical procedure. This issue has motivated the analytical research community around the world to develop new, fast and cost-effective extraction methods which can eliminate interfering substances, provide high preconcentration factors and increase the determination sensitivity. Electrical field induced extraction technique is a topic that has received major attention in recent years. This fact can be attributed to the considerable advantages provided by imposition of an electrical driving force especially control of different properties of an extraction system such as selectivity, cleanup, rate and efficiency. In this review, focus is centered on the electrical field induced liquid phase extraction techniques and their potential for bioanalysis.
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30
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Rajabi M, Bazregar M, Yamini Y, Asghari A, Ebrahimpour B. Electrophoretic micro-preconcentration of ionizable compounds as a green approach in sample preparation. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Bazregar M, Rajabi M, Yamini Y, Saffarzadeh Z, Asghari A. Tandem dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction as an efficient method for determination of basic drugs in complicated matrices. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1429:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Fashi A, Khanban F, Yaftian MR, Zamani A. Improved electromembrane microextraction efficiency of chloramphenicol in dairy products: the cooperation of reduced graphene oxide and a cationic surfactant. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20479a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cooperation effect of reduced graphene oxide in the SLM and CTAB in the donor solution improves the EME performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Fashi
- Phase Equilibria Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
| | - Fatemeh Khanban
- Phase Equilibria Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
| | - Mohammad Reza Yaftian
- Phase Equilibria Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
| | - Abbasali Zamani
- Environmental Science Research Laboratory
- Department of Environmental Science
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
| |
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