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Yang B, Tu M, Wang S, Ma W, Zhu Y, Ma Z, Li X. Neonicotinoid insecticides in plant-derived Foodstuffs: A review of separation and determination methods based on liquid chromatography. Food Chem 2024; 444:138695. [PMID: 38346362 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEOs) are the most widely used insecticides globally. They can contaminate or migrate into foodstuffs and exert severe neonic toxicity on humans. Therefore, lots of feasible analytical methods were developed to assure food safety. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evaluation that the impacts of food attributes on the accurate determination of NEOs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of sample preparation methods regarding 6 categories of plant-derived foodstuffs. Currently, QuEChERS as the common strategy can effectively extract NEOs from plant-derived foodstuffs. Various enrichment technologies were developed for trace levels of NEOs in processed foodstuffs, and multifarious novel sorbents provided more possibility for removing complex matrices to lower matrix effects. Additionally, detection methods based on liquid chromatography were summarized and discussed in this review. Finally, some limitations were summarized and new directions were proposed for better advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengling Tu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xianjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China.
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2
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Pandey S, Pant P, Dall'Acqua S. Advances in sample preparation methods for pesticide residue analysis in medicinal plants: A focus on Nepal. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300652. [PMID: 38332309 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Medicinal plant safety is a rising challenge worldwide due to the continued overuse of pesticides to their maximum residue limits. Due to the high demand for medicinal plants, their production is being increased and sometimes protected by pesticide use. The analysis of these residues requires robust analytical methods to ensure the safety and quality of medicinal plants. Developing effective sample preparation for detecting pesticides is challenging, due to their diverse natures, classes, and physico-chemical characteristics. Hence, existing techniques and strategies are needed to improve the reliability of the results. The review discusses the current state of sample preparation techniques, analytical methods, and instrumental technologies employed in pesticide residue analysis in medicinal plants. It highlights the challenges, limitations, and advancements in the field, providing insights into the analytical strategies used to detect and quantify pesticide residues. Reliable, accessible, affordable, and high-resolution analytical procedures are essential to ensure that pesticide levels in medicinal plants are effectively regulated. By understanding the complexities of pesticide residue analysis in medicinal plants, this review article aims to support the conservation of medicinal plant resources, promote public health, and contribute to the development of sustainable strategies for ensuring the safety and quality of medicinal plants in Nepal. The findings of this review will benefit researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in the conservation of medicinal plant resources and the promotion of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pandey
- Institute of Forest Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Madan Bhandari University of Science and Technology, Chitlang, Nepal
| | - Poonam Pant
- Faculty of Pharmacy, CiST College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- DSF Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science, Padova, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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3
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Koloka O, Koulama M, Hela D, Albanis T, Konstantinou I. Determination of Multiclass Pharmaceutical Residues in Milk Using Modified QuEChERS and Liquid-Chromatography-Hybrid Linear Ion Trap/Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry: Comparison of Clean-Up Approaches and Validation Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:6130. [PMID: 37630381 PMCID: PMC10515318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A multi-residue method was developed to identify and quantify pharmaceutical drug residues in full-fat milk, using a modified QuEChERS extraction procedure and sonication combined with Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-Orbitrap-MS). Sample preparation involves three different QuEChERS extraction procedures and sorbents for the purification step. The optimized modified extraction method, combined with the clean-up approaches using C18 and the EMR-Lipid sorbent, has been validated in terms of linearity, recovery, precision, LOD and LOQ, matrix effects (ME) and expanded uncertainty. The optimized method showed a linearity >0.9903, recoveries within the range 65.1-120.1%, precision (expressed as %RSD) <17.5%, medium (<39.9%) to low (<16.7%) matrix effects and acceptable expanded uncertainty (<33.1%). Finally, the proposed method was applied to representative real samples of milk (by local markets), revealing the existence of one pharmaceutical drug (imidocarb) in one sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Koloka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (O.K.); (M.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Marioanna Koulama
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (O.K.); (M.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Dimitra Hela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (O.K.); (M.K.); (T.A.)
- University Research and Innovation Center, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Albanis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (O.K.); (M.K.); (T.A.)
- University Research and Innovation Center, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Konstantinou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (O.K.); (M.K.); (T.A.)
- University Research and Innovation Center, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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4
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Huang Q, Zhou H, Wu X, Song C, Zheng J, Lei M, Mu P, Wu P. Simultaneous determination of the residues of anesthetics and sedatives in fish using LC-QLIT-MS/MS combined with DSPE. Food Chem 2023; 403:134407. [PMID: 36183462 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QLIT-MS/MS) technology operated in electrospray ionization (ESI) was developed for tracing anesthetic (AETs) and sedatives (SDTs) in fish. Sampling procedure was achieved by using acetonitrile extraction followed by dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) clean-up. Under the optimized laboratory conditions, reliable qualitative confirmation was obtained through the multiple reaction monitoring-information dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion (MRM-IDA-EPI) mode. Results indicated a favorable linear in the concentration range of 1-100 μg∙kg-1 (0.1-10 μg∙kg-1 for MS-222), with regression coefficient not less than 0.9997. The detection limit ranges from 0.03 to 0.4 μg∙kg-1 (S/N = 3). The validated method was applied to determine AETs and SDTs in fish with satidfied recoveries of 86.3 %-111.7 % and the relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1.9 %-8.9 % (n = 6). Practical samples analysis indicated that the proposed method is simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate for identification of AETs and SDTs.
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Accurate Determination of Pesticide Residues in Milk by Sonication-QuEChERS Extraction and LC-LTQ/Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A modified, quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction procedure combined with sonication and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC–Orbitrap-MS) was developed as a sensitive and reliable methodology for the determination of multiclass pesticides in full-fat milk. Different amounts of EMR-lipid sorbent were assayed for the cleanup step in order to achieve both acceptably high recoveries and low co-extractives in the final extracts. Accurate mass measurements of the analyte’s pseudo-molecular ions and tandem MS fragmentation were used to quantify and identify the target pesticides. Analytical performance characteristics of the method, such as linearity, recovery, precision, the limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), matrix effects (ME), and expanded uncertainty, have been determined for method validation fulfilling all criteria for its use as a validated routine method. The method was successfully applied to real samples (by local farms and commercial), revealing the presence of carbendazim in one milk sample at a concentration level below the maximum residue limits.
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6
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Development of QuEChERS-based multiresidue analytical methods to determine pesticides in corn, grapes and alfalfa. Food Chem 2022; 405:134870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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García-Vara M, Postigo C, Palma P, Bleda MJ, López de Alda M. QuEChERS-based analytical methods developed for LC-MS/MS multiresidue determination of pesticides in representative crop fatty matrices: Olives and sunflower seeds. Food Chem 2022; 386:132558. [PMID: 35339080 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oilseed crops are greatly extended all over the world. Their high fat content can interfere during pesticide multiresidue analysis through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This work aimed at overcoming this issue by developing and validating two QuEChERS-based methods for LC-MS/MS determination of 42 pesticides in two fatty food matrices: olives and sunflower seeds. Optimization of the extraction method was achieved following a 26-2 fractional factorial design in a highly cost-effective way. Validation of the multi-residue methods demonstrated improved limits of detection, below the established maximum residue levels (MRLs) for almost all compounds, good precision, and trueness, in compliance with SANTE guidelines. Application of these methods to the analysis of real samples from the Iberian Peninsula showed the presence of some pesticides of relevant environmental concern, including four compounds contained in the Pesticide Action Network International list of highly hazardous pesticides, found at levels between 0.03 ng/g and 104 ng/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel García-Vara
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Postigo
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Palma
- Department of Technologies and Applied Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, Portugal; Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - María José Bleda
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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8
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Abstract
The extensive use of pesticides represents a risk to human health. Consequently, legal frameworks have been established to ensure food safety, including control programs for pesticide residues. In this context, the performance of analytical methods acquires special relevance. Such methods are expected to be able to determine the largest number of compounds at trace concentration levels in complex food matrices, which represents a great analytical challenge. Technical advances in mass spectrometry (MS) have led to the development of more efficient analytical methods for the determination of pesticides. This review provides an overview of current analytical strategies applied in pesticide analysis, with a special focus on MS methods. Current targeted MS methods allow the simultaneous determination of hundreds of pesticides, whereas non-targeted MS methods are now applicable to the identification of pesticide metabolites and transformation products. New trends in pesticide analysis are also presented, including approaches for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues and other food contaminants (i.e., mega-methods), or the recent application of techniques such as ion mobility–mass spectrometry (IM–MS) for this purpose.
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9
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Simultaneous Determination of 15 Mycotoxins in Aquaculture Feed by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050316. [PMID: 35622562 PMCID: PMC9143405 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of plant-based fish feed may increase the risk of contamination by mycotoxins. The multiresidue analysis of mycotoxins in fish feed presents many difficulties due to the complexity of the matrix, the different characteristics of the compounds, and their presence in highly different concentration levels. The aim of this study was to develop a selective, sensitive, and efficient analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 15 mycotoxins (regulated and emerging mycotoxins) in aquaculture feed by LC-MS/MS. Sample extraction was performed with ultrasonic assistance, and different cleanup strategies were evaluated. The optimized method was composed by ultrasound-assisted extraction (two cycles, 55 °C, 20 min), followed by cleanup using a Captiva EMR Lipid cartridge. Then, nine commercial samples of aquaculture fish feed were analyzed. Eight of the 15 target mycotoxins were detected in the samples. Results showed that two enniatins (EENB and ENNB1), beauvericin, and fumonisin B2 were detected in all samples. These results show the multi-mycotoxin contamination of fish feed, highlighting the need to improve current knowledge on the occurrence and toxicity of mycotoxins in fish feed, mainly the emerging ones.
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10
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Yin Z, Yuan B, Lyu W, Huang Q, Simon JE, Wu Q. Method development and validation for analysis of phenolic compounds in fatty complex matrices using enhanced matrix removal (EMR) lipid cleanup and UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. Food Chem 2022; 373:131096. [PMID: 34710678 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Reliable analysis of phenolic compounds in fatty matrices is a challenging task. In this work, a robust analytical method was developed and validated for 55 phenolic compounds employing QuEChERS (quick, efficient, cheap, easy, rugged and safe) and Enhanced Matrix Removal (EMR)-lipid cleanup in 96-well plates for sample preparation, coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). Seven high-fat matrices of pork brain, belly and liver; horse serum, beef, salmon and avocado were explored for method validation and led to promising stepwise recoveries of extraction, clean-up, drying-reconstitution of most analytes ranging from 75% to 113%, and with an accuracy of 78%∼117%, except for six catechin-analogues. The matrix removal efficiency of EMR was determined using UHPLC-quadruple time of flight (QTOF)-MS, and results indicated that 56%∼77% of co-extractives were removed. This method would be readily extended to wide range of applications demanding high-throughput and sensitive analysis of phenolic compounds in fatty samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiya Yin
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Bo Yuan
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Weiting Lyu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - James E Simon
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Center for Agricultureal Food Ecosystens, The New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Qingli Wu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Center for Agricultureal Food Ecosystens, The New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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11
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Słowik-Borowiec M, Szpyrka E, Książek-Trela P, Podbielska M. Simultaneous Determination of Multi-Class Pesticide Residues and PAHs in Plant Material and Soil Samples Using the Optimized QuEChERS Method and Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072140. [PMID: 35408539 PMCID: PMC9000817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New analytical approaches to the simultaneous identification and quantification of 94 pesticides and 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in five representative matrices (pepper, apple, lettuce, wheat, and soil) were developed. The analyses were based on gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The procedure was optimized by changing the solvent used during the extraction, from acetonitrile to the acetone: n-hexane mixture at a volume ratio of 1:4 (v/v), as well as the use of a reduced amount of water during the extraction of compounds from cereals. An additional modification was the use of florisil instead of GCB in the sample cleanup step. A full method validation study was performed, at two concentration levels (LOQ and 1000 × LOQ), which showed satisfactory results for all analytes from the PAHs group, with recoveries ranging from 70.7-115.1%, and an average RSD of 3.9%. Linearity was tested in the range of 0.001-1.000 mg/kg and showed coefficients of determination (R2) ≥ 0.99 for all PAHs. Satisfactory recovery and precision parameters (LOQ and 100 × LOQ) were achieved for almost all analytes from the pesticide group in the range of 70.1-119.3% with the mean RSD equal to 5.9%. The observed linearity for all analytes in the concentration range of 0.005-1.44 mg/kg was R2 ≥ 0.99, with the exception of famoxadone, chizalofop-p-ethyl, prothioconazole, spirodiclofen, tefluthrin, and zoxamid. The extended uncertainties were estimated, using a top-down approach of 9.9% (average) and 15.3% (average) for PAHs and pesticides samples, respectively (the coverage factor k = 2, the 95% confidence level). Ultimately, the method was successfully applied to determine pesticide residues in commercial samples of fruit, vegetables and grain, and soil samples for PAHs, which were collected from selected places in the Podkarpacie region. A total of 38 real samples were tested, in which 10 pesticides and 13 PAHs were determined. Proposed changes allow us to shorten the sample preparation time (by 20%) and to reduce the consumption of organic solvents (by 17%). The use of florisil for sample cleanup, instead of GCB, improves the recovery of compounds with flat particles.
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12
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Mert A, Qi A, Bygrave A, Stotz HU. Trends of pesticide residues in foods imported to the United Kingdom from 2000 to 2020. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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13
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Wang M, Wang J, Wang K, Zhang L, Cao X, Guo C, Wang J, Wu B. Magnetic mesoporous material derived from MIL-88B modified by l-alanine as modified QuEChERS adsorbent for the determination of 6 pesticide residues in 4 vegetables by UPLC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2022; 384:132325. [PMID: 35217466 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
More and more attention has been paid to the improved QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method in dealing complex sample matrices, especially for the study of QuEChERS adsorbents. In this study, a magnetic mesoporous material, which was derived from MIL-88B modified by l-alanine, was synthesized as modified QuEChERS adsorbents for the simultaneous determination of multiple pesticides (Methomyl, Isoprocarb, Carbofuran, 3-Hydroxycarbofuran, Acetamiprid, Imidacloprid) in Chinese cabbage, celery, long bean and leek. The prepared magnetic adsorbents can effectively remove interfering substances from the sample, and the proposed modified QuEChERS method can reduce sample pretreatment time via an external magnetic field. To achieve the best performance of QuEChERS method, the clean-up time and amount of QuEChERS adsorbents were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, a simple, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of 6 pesticide residues in vegetables was established by coupling the modified QuEChERS to ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Excellent sensitivity (The limit of detection for the 6 pesticides ranged from 0.001 to 0.020 µg kg-1), satisfactory linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9952), good recovery (73.9-107.7%) and good precision (3.6-16.9% for intraday relative standard deviation, 0.5-15.0% for interday relative standard deviation) were obtained. Compared with traditional QuEChERS method, the proposed method is simple, cost-effective, and efficient, which indicates that the method can be used to detect carbamate and neonicotinoid pesticides in real samples and provide an excellent pretreatment technique for the detection of trace multi-analytes from complex substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Technical Center of Urumqi Customs, Urumqi 830063, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangkang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Liugen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jide Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Commodity Storage and Processing Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Yuan B, Zhao D, Lyu W, Yin Z, Kshatriya D, Simon JE, Bello NT, Wu Q. Development and validation of a micro-QuEChERS method with high-throughput enhanced matrix removal followed with UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS for analysis of raspberry ketone-related phenolic compounds in adipose tissues. Talanta 2021; 235:122716. [PMID: 34517584 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Raspberry ketone (RK) is a major flavor compound in red raspberries, and it has been marketed as a popular weight-loss dietary supplement with high potential in accumulating in fatty tissues. However, challenges in extracting and characterizing RK and its associated phenolic compounds in fatty tissues persist due to the complex matrix effect. In this work, we reported a high-throughput sample preparation method for RK and 25 related phenolic compounds in white adipose tissues using an improved micro-scale QuEChERS (quick, efficient, cheap, easy, rugged and safe) approach with enhanced matrix removal (EMR)-lipid cleanup in 96-well plates, followed by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS analysis. The absolute recovery was 73-105% at the extraction step, and achieved 71-96% at the EMR cleanup step. The EMR cleanup removed around 66% of total lipids in the acetonitrile extract as profiled by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The innovative introduction of a reversed-phase C18 sorbent into the extract significantly improved the analytes' recovery during SpeedVac drying. The final accuracy achieved 80-120% for most analytes. Overall, this newly developed and validated method could serve as a powerful tool for analyzing RK and related phenolic compounds in fatty tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Center for Agriculture Food Ecosystems, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Danyue Zhao
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Center for Agriculture Food Ecosystems, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Weiting Lyu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Center for Agriculture Food Ecosystems, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Zhiya Yin
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Center for Agriculture Food Ecosystems, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Dushyant Kshatriya
- Department of Animal Sciences and Nutritional Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences,
Rutgers University, 84 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - James E Simon
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Center for Agriculture Food Ecosystems, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Nicholas T Bello
- Department of Animal Sciences and Nutritional Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences,
Rutgers University, 84 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Qingli Wu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Center for Agriculture Food Ecosystems, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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15
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Assessment of a specific sample cleanup for the multiresidue determination of veterinary drugs and pesticides in salmon using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Determination of Avermectins Residues in Soybean, Bean, and Maize Using a QuEChERS-Based Method and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8110214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean, maize, and bean are crops of great economic importance, but in recent years have suffered with infestations of the caterpillar Helicoverpa armigera, with the main reason being the resistance of this pest to most pesticides. Avermectin emamectin benzoate was recently released to control this pest. Other avermectins, like abamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, and ivermectin are used in large scale because they potent acaricidal, anthelmintic, and insecticidal activities. Thus, a simple and fast method for the determination of avermectins in these crops based on a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction procedure and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis was developed and validated. For extraction, water followed by acetonitrile:isopropanol and a partition step with salts was stablished. With the clean-up step using activated EMR-Lipid, limits of detection of 1.2 μg kg−1 for abamectin, doramectin, emamectin benzoate, and ivermectin, and of 2.4 μg kg−1 for eprinomectin were achieved. The validation showed satisfactory results and the method was successfully applied to commercial samples, indicating that it is suitable for routine analysis.
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17
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Hou J, Chen D, Tu F, Yang M, Wang M, Liu M. [Determination of 197 pesticide residues in edible vegetable oil by gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry]. Se Pu 2021; 39:1261-1272. [PMID: 34677022 PMCID: PMC9404048 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
建立了气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC-TOF-MS)同时测定食用植物油中197种农药残留的方法。样品经乙腈超声提取,冷冻除脂,C18和PSA吸附剂共同净化;目标物经HP-5MS UI毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)分离,电子轰击源电离,全扫描模式采集质谱信息;MassHunter软件对数据进行定性与定量分析,设置精确质量数偏差为±5×10-5,保留时间偏差为±0.1 min。实验考察了基质效应情况和方法学性能。结果表明,大多数农药表现出基质增强效应,需采用基质标准工作溶液进行定量。在优化的条件下,174种农药定量限可以达到0.01 mg/kg,占全部被测农药的88%,另外23种农药的定量限为0.025~0.1 mg/kg。除联苯的线性范围为2~100 μg/L外,其余农药的线性范围均为定量限~200 μg/L,相关系数(R2)均大于0.99。在3个添加水平(0.1、0.25和0.5 mg/kg)下,有156种农药的回收率为70%~120%,占全部被测农药的79%,有185种农药的相对标准偏差<10%,占全部被测农药的94%。应用该方法对23份市售植物油样品进行了检测,结果在12个样品中检出13种农药。该方法操作简便,一次进样即可实现近200种农药的同时检测,且检测结果的准确度和灵敏度良好,适用于食用植物油中197种农药残留的快速检测。
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hou
- Wuhan Institute for Food and Cosmetic Control, Wuhan 430012, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Wuhan Institute for Food and Cosmetic Control, Wuhan 430012, China
| | - Fengqin Tu
- Wuhan Institute for Food and Cosmetic Control, Wuhan 430012, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Wuhan Institute for Food and Cosmetic Control, Wuhan 430012, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Wuhan Institute for Food and Cosmetic Control, Wuhan 430012, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- Wuhan Institute for Food and Cosmetic Control, Wuhan 430012, China
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18
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Baek S, Noh HH, Kim CJ, Son K, Lee HD, Kim L. Easy and effective analytical method of carbendazim, dimethomorph, and fenoxanil from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis using LC-MS/MS. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258266. [PMID: 34648540 PMCID: PMC8516223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally in Korea, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (white-spotted flower chafer) has been used as a medicine, and recently has attracted increased attention due to its antithrombotic efficacy. Some of spent mushroom compost or fermented oak sawdust, a feedstock for P. brevitarsis, were contaminated with three fungicides, carbendazim, dimethomorph, and fenoxanil, which could be transferred to the insect. This study was aimed to optimize a simple extraction method combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and apply it to the real samples. After the pulverized samples (5 g) were extracted with acetonitrile (10 mL) and formic acid (100 μL), fat and lipids in the samples were slowly precipitated at -20°C for 24 hours. After eight different clean-up methods were investigated, the mixture of 150 mg MgSO4/25 mg PSA/25 mg C18 was selected due to optimal recovery of the target compounds. Recovery (77.9%‒80.8% for carbendazim, 111.2%‒116.7% for dimethomorph, and 111.9%‒112.5% for fenoxanil) was achieved with reasonable relative standard deviation (<5.5%) The analytical method developed in this study was used to analyze three compounds in the 24 insect samples donated by the insect farm owners but no target compounds were detected. These results can provide important data for establishing the pesticide safety standards for P. brevitarsis before the medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Baek
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Noh
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jo Kim
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Son
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Dong Lee
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Leesun Kim
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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19
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Kim L, Baek S, Son K, Lee HD, Choi DS, Kim CJ, Noh HH. Effective and rugged analysis of glyphosate, glufosinate, and metabolites in Tenebrio molitor larva (mealworms) using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17597. [PMID: 34475419 PMCID: PMC8413439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenebrio molitor larva (mealworms) has recently attracted attention as a protein source for food and feed. The larva is generally fed with wheat bran, which can be possibly contaminated with glyphosate. To establish food safe standards, a rugged and effective analytical method for glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid, glufosinate, and their metabolites including 3-methylphosphinico-propionic acid, and N-acetyl glufosinate, in mealworms was optimized using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. An anionic polar pesticide column was used due to its high suitability for glyphosate. Acidified water and acetonitrile were used to extract the target compounds without contribution from various fatty and pigment interferences derived from brownish insects. Seven different clean-up procedures ((1) 50 mg C18 (2) 20 mg C18/Z-sep (3) PRiME hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) cartridge (4) 75 mg Z-sep, (5) 75 mg Z-sep+, (6) EMR-lipid cartridge, and (7) 50 mg ENVI-Carb) were compared. Due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, PRiME HLB was selected for clean-up. The recoveries of the target compounds were ranged from 86 to 96% with < 20% relative standard deviations. Therefore, this simple and effective method can be applied for the two pesticides and their metabolites in other edible insects or high-fat matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leesun Kim
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujn Baek
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungae Son
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Dong Lee
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Soon Choi
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jo Kim
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Noh
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Appraisal of different clean-up strategies for the determination of fipronil and its metabolites in eggs by UHPLC-MS/MS. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Efficient Matrix Cleanup of Soft-Gel-Type Dietary Supplements for Rapid Screening of 92 Illegal Adulterants Using EMR-Lipid dSPE and UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060570. [PMID: 34203614 PMCID: PMC8232078 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient matrix cleanup method was developed for the rapid screening of 92 illegal adulterants (25 erectile dysfunction drugs, 15 steroids, seven anabolic steroids, 12 antihistamines, 12 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), four diuretics, and 17 weight-loss drugs) in soft-gel-type supplements by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS). As representative green chemistry methods, three sample preparation methods (dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), “quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe” dispersive solid-phase extraction (QuEChERS-dSPE), and enhanced matrix removal-lipid (EMR-Lipid) dSPE) were evaluated for matrix removal efficiency, recovery rate, and matrix effect. In this study, EMR-Lipid dSPE was shown to effectively remove complicated matrix contents in soft-gels, compared to DLLME and QuEChERS-dSPE. For the rapid screening of a wide range of adulterants, extracted common ion chromatogram (ECIC) and neutral loss scan (NLS) based on specific common MS/MS fragments were applied to randomly collected soft-gel-type dietary supplement samples using UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Both ECICs and NLSs enabled rapid and simple screening of multi-class adulterants and could be an alternative to the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method. The developed method was validated in terms of limit of detection (LOD), precision, accuracy, recovery, and matrix effects. The range of LODs was 0.1–16 ng/g. The overall precision values were within 0.09–14.65%. The accuracy ranged from 81.6% to 116.6%. The recoveries and matrix effects of 92 illegal adulterants ranged within 16.9–119.4% and 69.8–114.8%, respectively. The established method was successfully applied to screen and identify 92 illegal adulterants in soft-gels. This method can be a promising tool for the high-throughput screening of various adulterants in dietary supplements and could be used as a more environmentally friendly routine analytical method for screening dietary supplements illegally adulterated with multi-class drug substances.
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22
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Soltani S, Sereshti H, Nouri N. Deep eutectic solvent-based clean-up/vortex-assisted emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction: Application for multi-residue analysis of 16 pesticides in olive oils. Talanta 2021; 225:121983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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23
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Watanabe E. Review of sample preparation methods for chromatographic analysis of neonicotinoids in agricultural and environmental matrices: From classical to state-of-the-art methods. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1643:462042. [PMID: 33761434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review specifically examines the development of sample preparation methods for residue analyses of neonicotinoid insecticides in agricultural and environmental matrices. Pesticide residue analysis is fundamentally important to ensure the safety of foods and processed foods of plant and animal origin, and to preserve the environment, particularly soil and water. For the development of pesticide residue analysis, the sample preparation process is an important key to maximizing the analytical performance of highly sensitive and accurate chromatographic instruments and to acquiring reliable analytical results. This review outlines sample preparation methods that have been proposed to date for extraction of neonicotinoids that might remain in a complicated sample matrix in quantitatively trace amounts, and for cleaning up, to the greatest extent possible, the interfering components that coexist in the sample extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Watanabe
- Chemical Analysis Unit, Division of Hazardous Chemicals, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan.
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24
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Luo Z, Xu M, Wang R, Liu X, Huang Y, Xiao L. Magnetic Ti 3C 2 MXene functionalized with β-cyclodextrin as magnetic solid-phase extraction and in situ derivatization for determining 12 phytohormones in oilseeds by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 183:112611. [PMID: 33341665 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic solid phase extraction integrated with in situ derivations for the profiling of 12 phytohormones in a single rapeseed seed was developed by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The Fe3O4@Ti3C2@β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles were firstly synthesized and used as an adsorbent for the solid-phase extraction of phytohormones. The magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction and in situ derivation by the addition of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide were ingeniously combined. This efficient pre-treatment method integrated the extraction, purification, and derivatization processes into one single step. Satisfactory methodological performance was achieved by optimization of the parameters. Linearities (R2 > 0.9928) and recoveries (80.4 %-115.1%) at three spiked levels, as well as the low matrix effect (from -16.63% to 17.06%) and limits of detection (0.89-13.62 pg/mL) were obtained. The spatio-temporal profiling of target phytohormones in different tissues of rapeseed germination was investigated. This method was successfully employed for analyzing target phytohormones in different oilseeds samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoufei Luo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengwei Xu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruozhong Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiubing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yongkang Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
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25
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Zhang W, Liu Z, Qin H, Li H, DU H, Fang L, Wang C, Zhang S, Chen Z. Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Coupled with Dispersive Solid-phase Extraction for the Rapid Detection of Tricyclazole Residues in Rice and Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:1439-1445. [PMID: 32684530 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An efficient methodology has been developed to determine the tricyclazole residue in matrix based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) coupled with dispersible matrix solid-phase extraction. After pretreatment and test conditions optimization, peaks at 1373 and 1317 cm-1 in the SERS spectrum were respectively selected as quantitative peaks for rice and Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen, respectively. The matrix standard curve-external standard method was used to quantitatively conduct a statistical analysis. The correlation between the quantitative peak response and tricyclazole concentration showed a significant linear relationship with a correlation coefficient of R2 > 0.99. The lowest spiked concentration was determined to be the quantitative limit that was below the maximum residue limits of tricyclazole. This study provides a sensitive, stable and rapid approach for the analysis of tricyclazole in above matrix via SERS, and it will be a useful complement to the quantitative analysis of tricyclazole in a complex matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (IAIR), School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan
| | - Hongwei Qin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Huidong Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Hongxia DU
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Liping Fang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Shuqiu Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Zilei Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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26
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Musarurwa H, Chimuka L, Tavengwa NT. Z-sep+ based QuEChERS technique for the pre-concentration of malathion pesticide in fruits followed by analysis using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:2093-2108. [PMID: 33074788 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1794054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the concentrations of malathion in fruits were determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry prior to pre-concentration using QuEChERS. The Z-sep+/PSA sorbent combination was used for the d-SPE clean-up and extraction was done using acetonitrile during QuEChERS. The absorbance of malathion was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 415 nm. The QuEChERS parameters, which included type and volume of extraction solvent, type and mass of sorbents, and centrifugation rate, were optimised prior to application of the developed method to real fruit samples. The linear range was from 0.1 to 0.9 mg kg-1 while the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9999. The limit of detection (LOD) for malathion was found to be 0.017 mg kg-1 and the limit of quantification was 0.05 mg kg-1. Orange samples were found to have no malathion residues when the developed method was applied to them while the concentrations of malathion in apple and pear samples were 0.07 mg kg-1 and 0.09 mg kg-1 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Musarurwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Venda , Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nikita T Tavengwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Venda , Thohoyandou, South Africa
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27
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Lupo SA, Romesberg RL, Lu X. Automated inline pigment removal for the analysis of pesticide residues in spinach by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1629:461477. [PMID: 32823011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An automated inline sample preparation (ILSP) method has been developed for pesticide residue analysis in spinach by LC-MS/MS. Chlorophyll pigments and other matrix constituents were removed from the sample extract using a UHPLC system equipped with an auxiliary pump, 6-port high pressure switching valve, and dual-directional ILSP cartridge containing bonded silica. The new procedure was evaluated as an entirely separate workflow using a simple solid-liquid extraction and as part of a cleanup strategy in conjunction with QuEChERS. Accuracy and precision experiments were conducted in spinach at two concentration levels (n = 6). Of the 63 pesticides tested, 86% (0.005 mg/kg) and 100% (0.05 mg/kg) displayed average recoveries within 70-120% and RSD values ≤20% for the ILSP method. In addition, low to moderate matrix effects (<50%) were calculated for 95% of the analytes. Overall performance of the proposed method was found to be better or comparable to a traditional QuEChERS procedure utilizing AOAC formulated salts and dSPE sorbents, while significantly reducing the amount of pigments reaching the MS source. The ILSP workflow is a simpler procedure with fewer steps that require less time than traditional extraction and cleanup techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Lupo
- Restek Corporation, 110 Benner Circle, Bellefonte, PA 16823, USA
| | | | - Xiaoning Lu
- Restek Corporation, 110 Benner Circle, Bellefonte, PA 16823, USA.
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28
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Optimization of a Simplified and Effective Analytical Method of Pesticide Residues in Mealworms ( Tenebrio molitor Larvae) Combined with GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25153518. [PMID: 32752108 PMCID: PMC7435900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An effective analytical method was optimized for residues including chlorpyrifos-methyl, deltamethrin, fenoxanil, thiobencarb and fludioxonil in mealworms, the larval form of Tenebrio molitor. They are listed for pest control during wheat cultivation and can be found in wheat-bran feed for growing mealworms in South Korea. Analytes were extracted using acetonitrile and salt packet. Four clean-up methods ((1) MgSO4 + 25 mg PSA + 25 mg C18; (2) MgSO4 + 50 mg PSA + 50 mg C18; (3) EMR-lipidTM tube; and (4) 10 mL n-hexane) were investigated and the method (1) was selected due to its robustness. Low-temperature precipitation of fat and proteins improved the recoveries. Recoveries from the Method (1) were satisfying with 70-120% with <20% relative SD at a spiking level of 0.01 mg/kg. With the simultaneous sample preparation, fenoxanil, thiobencarb and fludioxonil were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and chlorpyrifos-methyl and deltamethrin by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Quantification limits for LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS were 0.5 and 2.5 μg/L, respectively. No pesticides of interest were detected in 30 real samples collected across the nation. However, the data can be provided for establishing maximum residue limits for the pesticides in mealworms in response to the positive list system.
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Peña-Herrera JM, Montemurro N, Barceló D, Pérez S. Combining quantitative and qualitative approaches using Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment-Ion methodology for the detection of pharmaceuticals and related compounds in river fish extracted using a sample miniaturized method. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:461009. [PMID: 32173027 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Peña-Herrera
- ENFOCHEM, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Montemurro
- ENFOCHEM, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- ENFOCHEM, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Pérez
- ENFOCHEM, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Analysis of PAHs in oily systems using modified QuEChERS with EMR-Lipid clean-up followed by GC-QqQ-MS. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Muhammad R, Ahad K, Mehboob F. Extraction techniques for pesticide residues analysis in edible oils and role of sorbents in cleanup. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201900066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Muhammad
- Ecotoxicology Research ProgramNational Agricultural Research Center (NARC) Park Road Islamabad 45500 Pakistan
| | - Karam Ahad
- Ecotoxicology Research ProgramNational Agricultural Research Center (NARC) Park Road Islamabad 45500 Pakistan
| | - Farrakh Mehboob
- Ecotoxicology Research ProgramNational Agricultural Research Center (NARC) Park Road Islamabad 45500 Pakistan
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Determination of sulfonylurea pesticide residues in edible seeds used as nutraceuticals by QuEChERS in combination with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1617:460831. [PMID: 31948722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This work proposes a novel Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method in combination with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of sulfonylurea residues in edible seeds. The chromatographic separation of nine sulfonylureas was accomplished in less than 5.5 min, using a Luna Omega C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.6 µm). Mobile phase was supplied at 0.55 mL min-1 and consisted of 0.01% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid as eluent A and a mixture methanol/acetonitrile (80/20, v/v) as eluent B. Column temperature was established at 25 °C. A QuEChERS procedure was investigated as sample treatment for sulfonylureas extraction and sample clean-up. Different clean-up agents (i.e. PSA, Z-Sep+, EMR-Lipid and C18) were evaluated, selecting Z-Sep+ (25 mg) as the best option. The proposed method provided an extraction efficiency greater than 86.2%, while absolute matrix effect was lower than 50.1%. Matrix-matched calibration curves were required for analyte quantification. The analytical method was characterized according to SANTE/11813/2017 guideline, and including limits of detection and quantification, precision, and trueness. Linear dynamic ranges were established from 5 to 150 µg kg-1 for all analytes. Linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9974) and precision in terms of repeatability and intermediate precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 14.7%) are reported. The reporting limit was established at 5 µg kg-1, which is above the limits of quantification of the proposed method (≤ 1.64 µg kg-1) and below the maximum residue levels currently established by European legislation. In general, trueness is within the range of 70-120%. Despite greater recoveries were obtained at the reporting limit (i.e. 120-138%), relative standard deviations lower than 20% were obtained at this concentration level, so fulfilling the requirements of SANTE/11813/2017 guideline. This work represents the first analytical method intended for the analysis of sulfonylureas in sunflower, pumpkin and chia seeds, which are complex matrices due to their high content of fat as well as of growing interest due to their current commercialization as nutraceuticals.
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Wang J, Hu Q, Li P, Fang Y, Yang W, Ma N, Pei F. Comparison of three different lipid removal cleanup techniques prior to the analysis of sulfonamide drug residues in porcine tissues. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3006-3016. [PMID: 31572594 PMCID: PMC6766571 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of 17 sulfonamides (SNs) determination in porcine tissues using two new materials including Enhanced Matrix Removal for Lipid (EMR-L) and Oasis PRiME hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), and the conventional liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane (LLE) sample preparation methods were evaluated and compared. Samples were extracted uniformly with acidified acetonitrile and cleaned up by the three sample preparation methods, and then, analytes were further separated by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and detected by a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or a quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (Q-TOF/MS). The results showed that the matrix effects from the EMR-L and HLB were significantly lower than that from LLE, suggesting that these two new materials are superior to n-hexane in the precipitation of proteins and the adsorption of lipids. Moreover, the recoveries of 17 SNs were quantified by the matrix-matched calibration curve at spiked level of 5, 10, and 20 μg/kg, and 97.0% of the results satisfied method validation requirements. The samples cleaned up by EMR-L and HLB achieved the highest average recovery in liver and kidney with high moisture content, and muscle which is high in fat, respectively. In addition, Q-TOF/MS could play a good role in aided verification based on the result of repeated validation test. In summary, either combination of approaches could be used to achieve monitoring purposes; it is still worthwhile to adopt a specific sample preparation method and MS detector for the quantification in a specific matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Finance and EconomicsNanjingChina
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Finance and EconomicsNanjingChina
| | - Peng Li
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Finance and EconomicsNanjingChina
| | - Yong Fang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Finance and EconomicsNanjingChina
| | - Wenjian Yang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Finance and EconomicsNanjingChina
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Finance and EconomicsNanjingChina
| | - Fei Pei
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Finance and EconomicsNanjingChina
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Bernal J, Nozal MJ, Martín MT, Bernal JL, Ares AM. Trace analysis of flubendiamide in bee pollen using enhanced matrix removal-lipid sorbent clean-up and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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35
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Current trends in QuEChERS method. A versatile procedure for food, environmental and biological analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Pesticide residues in spices and herbs: Sample preparation methods and determination by chromatographic techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Alcántara-Durán J, Moreno-González D, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A. Use of a modified QuEChERS method for the determination of mycotoxin residues in edible nuts by nano flow liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2019; 279:144-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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38
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Huang Y, Li C, Hu H, Wang Y, Shen M, Nie S, Chen J, Zeng M, Xie M. Simultaneous Determination of Acrylamide and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Heat-Processed Foods Employing Enhanced Matrix Removal-Lipid as a New Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Sorbent Followed by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5017-5025. [PMID: 30839206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop a method for simultaneous determination of acrylamide (AA) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in heat-processed foods by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Several cleanup methods for the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) protocol were investigated and compared: (a) dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) with Enhanced Matrix Removal-Lipid (EMR-Lipid), (b) d-SPE with primary secondary amine, (c) without the cleanup step, and (d) cleanup with n-hexane. It is the first time that EMR-Lipid sorbent has been used as a d-SPE material to detect AA and 5-HMF in heat-processed foods, and among the four cleanup methods, the EMR-Lipid method provided the best cleanup of co-extracted matrix interferences and the highest extraction efficiency. Validation experiments were carried out for the method using EMR-Lipid as the d-SPE sorbent. Excellent linearity ( R2 > 0.999) was achieved, and the limits of detection (LODs) of AA and 5-HMF were 2.5 and 12.5 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of AA and 5-HMF levels obtained were in the ranges of 87.3-103.3 and 83.2-104.3%, with precision [relative standard deviations (RSDs)] of 1.2-6.8 and 1.4-7.4% ( n = 3), respectively. The method is accurate and reliable and was successfully applied to analyze the AA and 5-HMF in eight categories of Chinese heat-processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Institute of Analysis and Testing , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) , Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330047 , People's Republic of China
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Hrynko I, Łozowicka B, Kaczyński P. Comprehensive analysis of insecticides in melliferous weeds and agricultural crops using a modified QuEChERS/LC-MS/MS protocol and of their potential risk to honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 657:16-27. [PMID: 30530215 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The risk of exposure of honey bees to the presence of insecticides in melliferous plants is higher than previously reported. Therefore, monitoring insecticide residues in these plants is of great importance to honey bee safety. A novelty of the present research was the development of an innovative procedure for determination of residues of 142 insecticides in weeds and agricultural crops among melliferous plants. Phacelia, buckwheat, rape, common dandelion, cornflower and clover were selected for testing. Samples were extracted via QuEChERS. Two single sorbents (Z-Sep and Chitosan) and two combinations of sorbents (PSA/C18/ENVI-Carb/MgSO4, PSA/GCB/MgSO4) were tested. The matrix effect was applied as the main criterion for assessment of the method's effectiveness. The best sorbent for preparation of: (i) common dandelion samples was PSA/GCB/MgSO4, (ii) rape, cornflower and clover samples - PSA/C18/ENVI-Carb/MgSO4 sorbent and (iii) phacelia and buckwheat samples - Z-Sep sorbent. The developed procedure was applied for quantification of insecticide residues in 41 melliferous plant samples to estimate exposure of honey bees to pesticides through calculation of the hazard quotient (HQ). In total, 12 different insecticides were detected. The presence of neonicotinoid insecticides was found 7 times. The residues most frequently identified in melliferous plants were deltamethrin, dimethoate, and its metabolite, omethoate. An increased insecticide risk to honey bees was found for 4.9% and 9.8% of samples, for the oral and contact dose, respectively. This is why the hazard of melliferous plant residues was considered elevated for honey bees. The results clearly demonstrated that the approach developed provides reliable, simple and rapid determination of insecticides in melliferous plants, which is of great importance to honey bee safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Hrynko
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaczyński
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland
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Perestrelo R, Silva P, Porto-Figueira P, Pereira JAM, Silva C, Medina S, Câmara JS. QuEChERS - Fundamentals, relevant improvements, applications and future trends. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1070:1-28. [PMID: 31103162 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method is a simple and straightforward extraction technique involving an initial partitioning followed by an extract clean-up using dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE). Originally, the QuEChERS approach was developed for recovering pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables, but rapidly gained popularity in the comprehensive isolation of analytes from different matrices. According to PubMed, since its development in 2003 up to November 2018, about 1360 papers have been published reporting QuEChERS as extraction method. Several papers have reported different improvements and modifications to the original QuEChERS protocol to ensure more efficient extractions of pH-dependent analytes and to minimize the degradation of labile analytes. This analytical approach shows several advantages over traditional extraction techniques, requiring low sample and solvent volumes, as well as less time for sample preparation. Furthermore, most of the published studies show that the QuEChERS protocol provides higher recovery rate and a better analytical performance than conventional extraction procedures. This review proposes an updated overview of the most recent developments and applications of QuEChERS beyond its original application to pesticides, mycotoxins, veterinary drugs and pharmaceuticals, forensic analysis, drugs of abuse and environmental contaminants. Their pros and cons will be discussed, considering the factors influencing the extraction efficiency. Whenever possible, the performance of the QuEChERS is compared to other extraction approaches. In addition to the evolution of this technique, changes and improvements to the original method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Silva
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Priscilla Porto-Figueira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jorge A M Pereira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Catarina Silva
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sonia Medina
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
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Critical assessment of two sample treatment methods for multiresidue determination of veterinary drugs in milk by UHPLC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1433-1442. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Zhao L, Szakas T, Churley M, Lucas D. Multi-class multi-residue analysis of pesticides in edible oils by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using liquid-liquid extraction and enhanced matrix removal lipid cartridge cleanup. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1584:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Zhou Y, Cao S, Xi C, Lai G, Li X, Zhang L, Wang G, Chen Z. Controllable synthesis of magnetic nanoporous carbon with tunable porosity for the efficient cleanup of vegetable samples. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1041:58-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Razzaghi N, Ziarati P, Rastegar H, Shoeibi S, Amirahmadi M, Conti GO, Ferrante M, Fakhri Y, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The concentration and probabilistic health risk assessment of pesticide residues in commercially available olive oils in Iran. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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45
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Hakme E, Lozano A, Uclés S, Gómez-Ramos M, Fernández-Alba A. High-throughput gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of pesticide residues in spices by using the enhanced matrix removal-lipid and the sample dilution approach. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1573:28-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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46
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Lee J, Shin Y, Lee J, Lee J, Kim BJ, Kim JH. Simultaneous analysis of 310 pesticide multiresidues using UHPLC-MS/MS in brown rice, orange, and spinach. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 207:519-526. [PMID: 29843028 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a multiresidue method for the analysis of 310 pesticides in representative agricultural produce (brown rice, orange, and spinach) using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) combined with a modified QuEChERS procedure. The optimal mobile phase composition (Methanol containing 5 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid) produced high sensitivity and reliable results. Also, the relationship between injection volume and repeatability of peak area was investigated. Most of the target pesticides had a limit of quantitation under 10 ng g-1, and correlation coefficients (r2) > 0.99 in matrix-matched standards within the range of 1-100 ng g-1. To validate the optimized method, recovery tests were performed with each of the crops at 10 and 50 ng g-1 spiking levels (n = 5). Satisfactory recoveries were achieved showing that 86.8-88.7% (at 10 ng g-1) and 91.9-96.1% (at 50 ng g-1) of the pesticides met the validation criteria (recoveries in the range of 70-120% and relative standard deviation ≤ 20%). Fifteen compounds were found to show a loss of recovery due to adsorption by primary and secondary amine or graphite carbon black. In the case of brown rice, 86.1% of pesticides showed an insignificant matrix effect (<±20%), while 35.2% and 41.6% of pesticides in orange and spinach were in that range, respectively. Sixteen apple samples from local markets were analyzed to evaluate the applicability of the optimized method. Nineteen pesticides were detected, of which the concentrations were lower than the maximum residue limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwa Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yongho Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Junghak Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jiho Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Byung Joon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Han Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Lara-Ortega FJ, Robles-Molina J, Brandt S, Schütz A, Gilbert-López B, Molina-Díaz A, García-Reyes JF, Franzke J. Use of dielectric barrier discharge ionization to minimize matrix effects and expand coverage in pesticide residue analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1020:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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48
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Moreno-González D, Alcántara-Durán J, Addona SM, Beneito-Cambra M. Multi-residue pesticide analysis in virgin olive oil by nanoflow liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1562:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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49
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Multi-class multi-residue analysis of veterinary drugs in meat using enhanced matrix removal lipid cleanup and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1549:14-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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Matrix interference evaluation employing GC and LC coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2017; 174:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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