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Li Y, Pang T, Shi J, Liu X, Xu Z, Song Z, Xie H. Determination of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in tobacco and mainstream cigarette smoke using one-step clean-up coupled with liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464436. [PMID: 37837724 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
A method for determining tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in tobacco and cigarette smoke using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was established. The established method amended the deficiencies that exist in current mainstream methods. In this method, TSNAs in tobacco and cigarette smoke were extracted by water. The aqueous extract was then extracted by dichloromethane, and the extract could be analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after a solvent replacement. This method was used to analyze flue-cured tobacco samples, and the response of the target compounds was about 10 times higher than that of the ammonium acetate extraction method. When analyzing cigarette smoke samples, the response strength and chromatographic peak purity of the target compounds were also significantly improved. The proposed method exhibited good linearities for both tobacco and cigarette smoke samples (r2 > 0.99). The limits of detection (LODs) for tobacco and cigarette smoke samples were 0.2-1.0 ng/g and 0.1-0.3 ng/cigarette, respectively. Additionally, this method exhibited desirable accuracy and precision. The TSNAs recovery values from tobacco and cigarette smoke samples ranged from 95.7 % to 107.7 % with inter- and intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 7.4 %. This method is simple, effective, and has wide adaptability. It is a useful upgrade to the existing methods for analyzing TSNAs in tobacco and cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Yunnan academy of tobacco agricultural sciences, No. 33 Yuantong street, Wuhua district, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, China
| | - Tao Pang
- Yunnan academy of tobacco agricultural sciences, No. 33 Yuantong street, Wuhua district, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, China.
| | - Junli Shi
- Yunnan academy of tobacco agricultural sciences, No. 33 Yuantong street, Wuhua district, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Shanghai tobacco group Beijing cigarette factory, Beijing 101121, China
| | - Zhaoli Xu
- Yunnan academy of tobacco agricultural sciences, No. 33 Yuantong street, Wuhua district, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, China
| | - Zhongbang Song
- Yunnan academy of tobacco agricultural sciences, No. 33 Yuantong street, Wuhua district, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, China
| | - He Xie
- Yunnan academy of tobacco agricultural sciences, No. 33 Yuantong street, Wuhua district, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, China
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2
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Lu RQ, Yuan W, Feng H, Lennon Luo SX, Mason Wu YC, Etkind SI, Kumar M, Swager TM. Porous Polymers Containing Metallocalix[4]arene for the Extraction of Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:10623-10630. [PMID: 37323159 PMCID: PMC10262809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We designed porous polymers with a tungsten-calix[4]arene imido complex as the nitrosamine receptor for the efficient extraction of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) from water. The interaction between the metallocalix[4]arene and the TSNA, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone, NNK) was investigated. We found that the incorporation of the nitrosamine receptor into porous polymers increased their selectivity toward NNK over nicotine. The polymer with an optimal ratio of calixarene-containing and porosity-inducing building blocks showed a high maximum adsorption capacity of up to 203 mg/g toward NNK under sonication, which was among the highest values reported. The adsorbed NNK could be removed from the polymer by soaking it in acetonitrile, enabling the adsorbent to be reused. A similar extraction efficiency to that under sonication could be achieved using the polymer-coated magnetic particles under stirring. We also proved that the material could efficiently extract TSNAs from real tobacco extract. This work not only provides an efficient material for the extraction of TSNAs but also offers a design strategy for efficient adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Qiang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Weize Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Haosheng Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shao-Xiong Lennon Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - You-Chi Mason Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samuel I Etkind
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mohanraja Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Semi-continuous monitoring of HMWPAH in microalgae cultures by PT-SPE/HPLC/FD-UV: Estimation of the degradation constant. Anal Biochem 2021; 633:114415. [PMID: 34666019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A degradation study has been performed with Selenastrum capricornutum incubated with benzo[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene at 50, 100 and 266 ng mL-1 in liquid cultures. After incubation, these high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW PAH) were extracted from both, the medium and biomass in a single step, and then quantified by a sensitive and validated analytical methodology based on pipette-tip SPE and HPLC with fluorescence and UV detection (PT-SPE/HPLC/FD-UV). The methodology presented good linearity r2 > 0.99, LOD of 0.9 and 0.7 ng mL-1 for BaA and BaP, respectively. A fast and semi-continuous appreciation of the degradation behavior was achieved. The pollutants were monitored at different times (0.5-18 h) in the same culture flask, with sampling volume of 1 mL. Biodegradation percentages close to-90% were observed at 18 h. The degradation curves were fitted to the first order reaction (r2 > 0.95) and the degradation rate constants were similar in all bioassays (0.1 h-1) and independent of concentration and compound. The degradation pathways of HMW PAH by microalgae and their enzyme are poorly known but the hypothesis of the degrading enzyme proportionally activated according to the PAH concentration is supported by this result. The early emergence dihydrodiol-type metabolites were detected.
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Tsai PC, Pundi A, Brindhadevi K, Ponnusamy VK. Novel semi-automated graphene nanosheets based pipette-tip assisted micro-solid phase extraction as eco-friendly technique for the rapid detection of emerging environmental pollutant in waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130031. [PMID: 33690040 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new semi-automated syringe infusion-pump assisted graphene nanosheets (GNSs) based pipette-tip micro-solid phase extraction (PT-μSPE) as a green sample preparation technique was demonstrated for the sensitive analysis of emerging environmental pollutant in environmental waters using HPLC-UV. Microwave-assisted synthesized GNSs powder was packed into a 100 μL pipette-tip (as PT-μSPE cartridge) connected with a commercial plastic syringe (contains water sample). This setup was attached to a programmable auto-syringe infusion pump for the GNSs-PT-μSPE process. Triclosan (TCS) is an emerging environmental pollutant chosen as a target analyte to examine the extraction capacity and feasibility of GNSs as a sorbent material for PT-μSPE. Parameters affecting the extraction capability were systematically evaluated and thoroughly optimized. At optimized experimental parameters, excellent linearity (r2 = 0.9979) was achieved over the concentration range of 2-250 ng mL-1 for TCS, with a detection limit of 0.5 ng mL-1. Applicability of the presented method was examined with real water samples, and extraction recoveries obtained were ranged between 94.6-102.4% with RSD less than 7.8%. The presented protocol is a simple, semi-automated, eco-friendly, low-cost, and efficient sample pretreatment technique for quick analysis of TCS in environmental wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Arul Pundi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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5
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Deng H, Wang Y, Wang J, Liu S, Ji Y, Fan Z, Li Z, Yang F, Bian Z, Tang G. Separation of N'-nitrosonornicotine isomers and enantiomers by supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461971. [PMID: 33626439 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is one of the most prevalent and toxic tobacco-specific nitrosoamines. A chiral center at its 2'-position results in R and S enantiomers, the partial double bond character of the NN = O group also results in E and Z isomers, therefore, NNN can form a total of four absolute configurations (E-(R)-NNN, E-(S)-NNN, Z-(R)-NNN, and Z-(S)-NNN). This study investigated the resolution of R/S enantiomers and E/Z isomers of NNN by supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS). The baseline separation of E/Z-(R,S)-NNN isomers/enantiomers was accomplished through the optimization of chiral columns and co-solvents. Due to the lack of single standard of E/Z isomers, only R-NNN (sum of E-(R)-NNN and Z-(R)-NNN) and S-NNN (sum of E-(S)-NNN and Z-(S)-NNN) were further examined. Through the comprehensive optimization of SFC-MS/MS conditions, R-NNN and S-NNN were separated with a run time of 5 min, the developed method was validated, and its applicability to the determination of NNN enantiomers in burley tobacco samples was demonstrated. This study could be applied to preparative separation of single enantiomer and/or isomer of NNN, and could provide potential benefits to biologic activity studies on these enantiomers and isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Deng
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jinbang Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ziyan Fan
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fei Yang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhaoyang Bian
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Gangling Tang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.6 Cuizhu Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Preparation and Application of β-Cyclodextrin Functionalised Graphene Oxide-Grafted Silica Sorbents for Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Fried Food Using a Box-Behnken Design. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Canales R, Guiñez M, Talio C, Reta M, Cerutti S. Development of a green and efficient methodology for the heterocyclic aromatic amine determination in biomass samples generated from cigarette combustion and tobacco. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:5205-5217. [PMID: 32964389 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A green methodology was developed for the analysis of ten heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in biomass samples from cigarette combustion such as mainstream smoke, paper ashes, as well as tobacco and paper wraps. The cellulose filter used for sample collection was also evaluated. This strategy was based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) associated with a solid-phase extraction procedure employing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-SPE) as a cleanup step followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Under optimal experimental conditions, the linearity of the method was in the range from 0.08 to 160 ng cig-1, with correlation coefficients (R2) higher than 0.991. The limits of detection resulted to be between 0.03 and 0.63 ng cig-1. Concentrations of the HAAs in the mainstream smoke were from 5.7 to 145.2 ng cig-1 and in paper ashes from 0.1 to 0.6 ng cig -1, while in tobacco were between 1.0 and 38.5 ng cig-1. Meanwhile, no HAA contribution was observed in the case of paper wraps and the filter used for sample collection. The knowledge of the presence and the concentration levels of the selected HAAs in each cigarette's physical component after its combustion is essential to understand the formation processes and contribution during cigarette burning. Besides, this is the first report about the presence of some HAAs in the proposed samples. Finally, a comparative study was employed to classify the sustainability of several recent approaches for HAA extraction from cigarette combustion samples using Green Certificate as a metric tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Canales
- Instituto de Química de San Luis, Facultad de Química, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Bioquímica y Farmacia Bloque III, Avda. Ejército de los Andes 950, D5700BPB, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Maria Guiñez
- Instituto de Química de San Luis, Facultad de Química, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Bioquímica y Farmacia Bloque III, Avda. Ejército de los Andes 950, D5700BPB, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Carolina Talio
- Instituto de Química de San Luis, Facultad de Química, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Bioquímica y Farmacia Bloque III, Avda. Ejército de los Andes 950, D5700BPB, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Mario Reta
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), División Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, (B1900AJL), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Soledad Cerutti
- Instituto de Química de San Luis, Facultad de Química, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Bioquímica y Farmacia Bloque III, Avda. Ejército de los Andes 950, D5700BPB, San Luis, Argentina.
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8
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Liu J, Xie B, Mai B, Cai Q, He R, Guo D, Zhang Z, Fan J, Zhang W. Development of a sensitive and stable GC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of four N-nitrosamine genotoxic impurities in sartan substances. J Anal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-020-00254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRecently, N-nitrosamines have been unexpectedly found in generic sartan products. Herein, we developed a sensitive and stable GC-MS/MS method with multiple reactions monitoring mode for the simultaneous determination of four N-nitrosamines in sartan substances, namely, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodibutylamine, and N-nitrosodiisopropylamine. The conditions of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were optimized. The method was validated according to the International Council for Harmonization guidelines in terms of sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, and stability. The limits of detection of N-nitrosamines in sartan substances ranged from 0.002 to 0.150 ppm, and the corresponding limits of quantification were in the range of 0.008-0.500 ppm, which met the sensitivity requirements for the limits set by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States. The internal standard curve of four N-nitrosamines showed good linearity of regression coefficients over 0.99. The recoveries of N-nitrosamines in selected sartan drugs ranged from 87.68 to 123.76%. The intraday and interday relative standard deviation values were less than 9.15%. Therefore, this proposed method exhibited good sensitivity and precision, high accuracy, and fast analysis speed, which provide a reliable method for quality control of N-nitrosamines in sartan products.
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Bian Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Feng XS. Progress in the pretreatment and analysis of N-nitrosamines: an update since 2010. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3626-3660. [PMID: 32776791 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1803790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As highly toxic substances, N-nitrosamines (NAs) have been proved to cause carcinogenesis and mutagenesis in humans. Therefore, to carefully monitor safety and preserve human health, the development of rapid, accurate, and high-sensitivity determination methods of NAs is of substantial importance. This review provides a current-status comprehensive summary of the pretreatment and determination methods of NAs in various samples since 2010. Common pretreatment methods that have been used to extract and purify targets include solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction and various microextraction methods, such as solid-phase microextraction and liquid-phase microextraction, among others. Determination methods include liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography and electrochemical methods, among others. In addition, we discuss and compare the advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment and analytical methods and examine the prospects in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Zhang Q, Liu P, Li S, Zhang X, Chen M. Progress in the analytical research methods of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1746668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyao Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Detection, College of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Hygiene Detection, College of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Shuling Li
- Department of Hygiene Detection, College of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Detection, College of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Mengdi Chen
- Department of Hygiene Detection, College of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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11
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Song Z, Sui X, Li M, Gao Y, Li W, Zhao L, Li F, Yao X, Liu C, Wang B. Development of a nornicotine-reduced flue-cured tobacco line via EMS mutagenesis of nicotine N-demethylase genes. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1710053. [PMID: 31900036 PMCID: PMC7053972 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1710053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Substantial progress had been made in reducing nornicotine accumulation in burley tobacco, as nornicotine is a precursor of the carcinogen N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). Three members of the CYP82E2 family encoding nicotine N-demethylase (NND) have been reported to be responsible for the majority of nicotine demethylation that forms nornicotine in burley tobacco. We had obtained a nonsense mutant of each NND member in flue-cured tobacco from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized population. In this study, we developed dCAPS markers for each nonsense mutation. Using marker-assisted selection, NND mutants were crossed with each other to generate a triple mutant GP449. In line with previous reports, the triple knockout caused significantly decreased levels of nornicotine and NNN in flue-cured tobacco. With the decreased nornicotine, the nicotine level was expected to accumulate. However, the nicotine level in GP449 was significantly decreased to 72.80% of wild type. Realtime RT-PCR analysis showed that the nicotine reduction was correlated with inhibited expression of nicotine biosynthetic pathway genes. The triple mutant and dCAPS markers can be utilized to develop new flue-cured tobacco varieties with lower levels of nornicotine and NNN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbang Song
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- National Center for Tobacco Gene Engineering, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xueyi Sui
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- National Center for Tobacco Gene Engineering, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Meiyun Li
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- National Center for Tobacco Gene Engineering, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- National Center for Tobacco Gene Engineering, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- National Center for Tobacco Gene Engineering, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- National Center for Tobacco Gene Engineering, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Feng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of crop sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- National Center for Tobacco Gene Engineering, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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12
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Ishizaki A, Kataoka H. A sensitive method for the determination of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream and sidestream smokes of combustion cigarettes and heated tobacco products by online in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1075:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Pang YQ, Chen XJ, Li XY, Zhang HF, Jiang XY, Zhu FP, Luo YB. Magnetic solid-phase extraction of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines using magnetic graphene composite as sorbent. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3119-3125. [PMID: 31347241 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines are carcinogenic components in mainstream cigarette smoke. To explore tobacco-specific N-nitrosamine release levels in cigarettes, a magnetic solid-phase extraction procedure using magnetic graphene composite as sorbent for fast enrichment of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamine was developed. Under optimal conditions, a tobacco-specific N-nitrosamine determination method was successfully proposed by combining magnetic solid-phase extraction procedure and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The method's limit of detection for tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in mainstream cigarette smoke ranged from 0.018 to 0.057 ng/cigarette. Good linearities were obtained with correlation coefficients above 0.9992. The accuracies of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in a spiked mainstream cigarette smoke sample were from 89.3 to 109.4%, with a relative standard deviation of less than 11.2%. The proposed method has the merits of rapidity and high sensitivity. Finally, the method was successfully applied to tobacco-specific N-nitrosamine analysis in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Pang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jing Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Fei Zhang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Yi Jiang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Peng Zhu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Bo Luo
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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Seidi S, Tajik M, Baharfar M, Rezazadeh M. Micro solid-phase extraction (pipette tip and spin column) and thin film solid-phase microextraction: Miniaturized concepts for chromatographic analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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15
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Deng H, Tang G, Fan Z, Liu S, Li Z, Wang Y, Bian Z, Shen W, Tang S, Yang F. Use of autoclave extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to analyze 4-(methylintrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and N'-nitrosonornicotine in tobacco. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1595:207-214. [PMID: 30827697 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
4-(methylintrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are the most prevalent and toxic tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). Due to their carcinogenicity, knowledge of the composition of NNK and NNN in tobacco is necessary. Herein, a sensitive and rapid method, which employs autoclave extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS), has been developed for the analysis of NNK and NNN in tobacco. Both water-soluble and matrix-bound NNK and NNN were extracted with 100 mM ammonium acetate in an autoclave (130 °C, 4 h), and the aqueous extract was subjected to solvent replacement prior to SFC-MS/MS analysis. NNK and NNN were effectively separated within 5 min by using supercritical CO2 as the main mobile phase coupled with a co-solvent of methanol. Excellent linearity was obtained with coefficients of determination (R2) greater than 0.9997 in the range of 1-160 ng/mL and 5-800 ng/mL for NNK and NNN, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 92.5-110.0% at different spiked levels of real samples. 12 tobacco samples which include 3 typical tobacco varieties of burley, flue-cured, and oriental tobaccos had been analyzed, and the fraction of matrix-bound NNK was determined as well. In addition, a comparison between the proposed SFC-MS/MS method and a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) internal standard method was conducted. Both techniques exhibit comparable analysis results, but peak splitting of NNN was observed by LC-MSMS due to the existence of E/Z isomers, while SFC-MS/MS offers great improvement through elution condition optimization, demonstrating the applicability of SFC-MS/MS as an alternative tool for NNK and NNN analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Deng
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Gangling Tang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ziyan Fan
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhaoyang Bian
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Fei Yang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No.2 Fengyang Street, High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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16
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Chen D, Miao H, Zhao Y, Wu Y. A simple liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method for the determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in human urine using cold-induced phase separation and hydrophilic pipette tip solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1587:73-78. [PMID: 30471790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the phenomenon of acute poisoning events caused by glyphosate (GLY) had frequently occurred all over the world. The present work reported a simple liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method for direct determination of GLY and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in human urine by combining cold-induced phase separation (CIPS) with hydrophilic pipette tip solid-phase extraction (PTSPE). First, a urine sample was mixed with acetonitrile at a 80% concentration to precipitate proteins. After centrifugation, the mixture was performed a CIPS at -20 °C to enrich GLY and AMPA (six-fold) in the lower water phase which was further performed PTSPE procedure. PTSPE as a miniaturized procedure of SPE, combined with a manual accu-jet® Pro Pipette Controller, was used to extract GLY and AMPA, in which a new type of hydrophilic adsorbent (HILIC powder) based on amide-modified silica was selected as the adsorption of GLY and AMPA. The key factors including the type and the amount of adsorbent, the loading extraction solution, the type and volume of eluent, and the number of aspirating/dispensing cycles were investigated in detail. Meanwhile, the selectivity and sensitivity of GLY and AMPA analysis were improved by the use of LC-HRMS based on targeted single ion monitoring (tSIM) mode without tedious derivatization. This method made a full use of the advantages of these techniques by combining efficient enrichment, effective extraction and selective separation in a simple way. Finally, a comprehensive validation of the method was rigorously executed and the results indicated that the validated method afforded desired linearity, precision, accuracy, and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Yongning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Magnetic Stirring Assisted Demulsification Dispersive Liquid⁻Liquid Microextraction for Preconcentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Grilled Pork Samples. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7010008. [PMID: 30781846 PMCID: PMC6468843 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple microextraction method, magnetic stirring assisted demulsification dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, for preconcentration of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthrene, and pyrene) was investigated prior to analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. In this method, a mixture of extraction solvent and disperser solvent was rapidly injected into sample solution. The magnetic stirrer agitator aided the dispersion of the extraction solvent into the sample solution. After the formation of an emulsion, the demulsifier was added, resulting in the rapid separation of the mixture into two phases. No centrifugation step was required. Several parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the proposed method were studied, including addition of salt, kind and volume of extraction solvent, volume of demulsifier solvent, and extraction times. Under the optimum conditions, high enrichment factor, low limit of detections (LODs) and good precision were gained. The proposed method was successfully applied to analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon residues in grilled pork samples.
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18
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Wang J, Long J, Lei D, Gao F, An H, Zhu L. Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Tobacco Smoke by Ionic Liquid Enrichment and Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1463234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Quality Supervision Department, Research and Development Center, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Corporation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Long
- Quality Supervision Department, Research and Development Center, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Corporation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dean Lei
- Quality Supervision Department, Research and Development Center, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Corporation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Quality Supervision Department, Research and Development Center, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Corporation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyue An
- Quality Supervision Department, Research and Development Center, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Corporation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Detection Department, Research and Development Center, China Tobacco Chongqing Industrial Corporation, Chongqing, China
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19
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Zhang X, Wang R, Zhang L, Ruan Y, Wang W, Ji H, Lin F, Liu J. Simultaneous determination of tobacco minor alkaloids and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream smoke by dispersive solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem orbitrap mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1791-1798. [PMID: 29964303 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The minor alkaloids in tobacco play an important role in the chemical composition of cigarette smoke, and they are precursors of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) and N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT)). NNN and NNK are classified as group 1 carcinogens. A method quantitating both tobacco minor alkaloids and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream smoke has not been reported. METHODS Tobacco minor alkaloids and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in cigarette mainstream smoke were extracted by sonication. The extract was cleaned up by dispersive solid-phase extraction, and separation was achieved via ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem orbitrap mass spectrometry. RESULTS The method was validated by analysis of six replicate samples spiked with three levels of the analyses. The mean recoveries for the six replicates were from 84.7% to 118% with less than 15% relative standard deviation except myosmine at the low spiked level and the calculated detection limits were 0.066 to 13.2 ng/cig, respectively. The mean concentrations of nicotyrine, anabasine, nornicotine, anatabine, myosmine, 2,3-bipyridine, cotinine, nicotelline, N-formylnornicotine, NNK, NNN, NAB and NAT in 30 different brands of commercial cigarette smoke under the ISO smoking regimen were 2.50 μg/cig, 2.34 μg/cig, 3.21 μg/cig, 5.78 μg/cig, 2.83 μg/cig, 1.05 μg/cig, 1.55 μg/cig, 0.55 μg/cig, 2.48 μg/cig, 6.06 ng/cig, 3.62 ng/cig, 0.40 ng/cig and 6.15 ng/cig, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method was suitable for analysis of tobacco minor alkaloids and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in cigarette mainstream smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Zhang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co., Ltd, Guiyang, 550009, China
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Minimal Invasive Center, Tumor Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co., Ltd, Guiyang, 550009, China
| | - Yibin Ruan
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co., Ltd, Guiyang, 550009, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co., Ltd, Guiyang, 550009, China
| | - Houwei Ji
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co., Ltd, Guiyang, 550009, China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co., Ltd, Guiyang, 550009, China
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20
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Pipette-tip solid-phase extraction using poly(1-vinylimidazole-co-trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate) as a new molecularly imprinted polymer in the determination of avermectins and milbemycins in fruit juice and water samples. Food Chem 2018; 262:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Makkliang F, Kanatharana P, Thavarungkul P, Thammakhet-Buranachai C. A miniaturized monolith-MWCNTs-COOH multi-stir-rod microextractor device for trace parabens determination in cosmetic and personal care products. Talanta 2018; 184:429-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Simões NS, de Oliveira HL, da Silva RCS, Teixeira LS, Sales TLS, de Castro WV, de Paiva MJN, Sanches C, Borges KB. Hollow mesoporous structured molecularly imprinted polymer as adsorbent in pipette-tip solid-phase extraction for the determination of antiretrovirals from plasma of HIV-infected patients. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2581-2589. [PMID: 29772601 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work a hollow mesoporous structured molecularly imprinted polymer was synthetized and used as adsorbent in pipette-tip solid-phase extraction for the determination of lamivudine (3TC), zidovudine (AZT) and efavirenz (EFZ) from plasma of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All parameters that influence the recovery of the pipette tip based on hollow mesoporous molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction (PT-HM-MIP-SPE) method were systematically studied and discussed in detail. The adsorbent material was prepared using methacrylic acid and 4-vinylpyridine as functional monomers, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker, acetonitrile as solvent, 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) as radical initiator, benzalkonium chloride as surfactant, 3TC, and AZT as templates. The simultaneous separation of 3TC, AZT and EFZ by HPLC-UV was performed using a Gemini C18 Phenomenex® column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: water pH 3.2 (68:32, v/v), flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and λ = 260 nm. The method was linear over the concentration range from 0.25 to 10 μg/mL for 3TC and EFZ, and 0.05 to 2.0 μg mL-1 for AZT, with correlation coefficients larger than 0.99 for all analytes. Recovery ± relative standard deviations (RSDs %) were 41.99 ± 2.38%, 82.29 ± 1.63%, and 83.72 ± 7.52% for 3TC, AZT, and EFZ, respectively. The RSDs and relative errors (REs) were lower than 15% for intra and interday assays. The method has been successfully applied for monitoring HIV-infected patients outside the therapeutic dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Soares Simões
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hanna Leijoto de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricky Cássio Santos da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leila Suleimara Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Whocely Victor de Castro
- Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria José Nunes de Paiva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristina Sanches
- Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Keyller Bastos Borges
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Dom Bosco, São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Determination of Sulfonamide Residues in Honey and Milk by HPLC Coupled with Novel Graphene Oxide/Polypyrrole Foam Material-Pipette Tip Solid Phase Extraction. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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24
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Luo YB, Pang YQ, Jiang XY, Li XY, Zhang HF, Hu SD, Zhu FP, Feng YQ. Solid-phase extraction of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines with a mixed-mode hydrophobic/cation-exchange sorbent. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201700049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Luo
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center; Zhengzhou China
| | - Yong-Qiang Pang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center; Zhengzhou China
| | - Xing-Yi Jiang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center; Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiang-Yu Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center; Zhengzhou China
| | - Hong-Fei Zhang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center; Zhengzhou China
| | - Shao-Dong Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center; Zhengzhou China
| | - Feng-Peng Zhu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center; Zhengzhou China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
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Three-dimensional ionic liquid-ferrite functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite for pipette-tip solid phase extraction of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human blood sample. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1552:1-9. [PMID: 29673765 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitously found in the environment and have been proved to be prospectively associated with the risk of cancer. In this study, a simple method based on pipette-tip solid phase extraction (PT-SPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been firstly developed for the determination of 16 PAHs in human whole blood. Three-dimensional ionic liquid-ferrite functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite (3D-IL-Fe3O4-GO) was used as sorbent in PT-SPE. Compared with conventional SPE method, the PT-SPE method was solvent-saving (1.0 mL), reusable (at least 10 times) and required less blood sample (200 μL). Affecting parameters on extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, a good linearity was obtained and the recoveries of 16 PAHs at three spiked levels ranged from 85.0% to 115%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the range of 0.007-0.013 μg/L. Furthermore, the developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of 16 PAHs in 14 human blood samples. The results showed that the predominant PAHs in human whole blood was low-molecular-weight PAHs, with the rank order phenanthrene (PHE)> naphthalene (NAP)> fluorene (FLU)> fluoranthene (FLT)> pyrene (PYR). Because of its simplicity, accuracy and reliability, the PT-SPE method combined with GC-MS demonstrated the applicability for clinical analysis and provided more information for PAHs exposure studies.
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Jeffery J, Carradus M, Songin K, Pettit M, Pettit K, Wright C. Optimized method for determination of 16 FDA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mainstream cigarette smoke by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:27. [PMID: 29536204 PMCID: PMC5849724 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was validated for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the FDA list of 93 harmful or potentially harmful constituents of mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS). Target analytes were extracted from total particulate matter using accelerated solvent extraction with a toluene/ethanol solvent mixture. Matrix artefacts were removed by two-step solid-phase extraction process. Three different GC-MS systems [GC-MS (single quadrupole), GC-MS/MS (triple quadrupole) and GC-HRMS (high resolution, magnetic sector)] using the same separation conditions were compared for the analysis of MCS of 3R4F Kentucky reference cigarettes generated under ISO and intense smoking regimes. The high mass resolution (m/∆m ≥ 10,000) and associated selectivity of detection by GC-HRMS provided the highest quality data for the target PAHs in MCS. Owing to the HR data acquisition mode enabling measurement of accurate mass, limits of quantification for PAHs were 5 to 15-fold lower for GC-HRMS than for GC-MS/MS and GC-MS. The presented study illustrates that the optimised sample preparation strategy followed by GC-HRMS analysis provides a fit-for-purpose and robust analytical approach allowing measurement of PAHs at (ultra)low concentrations in MCS. Furthermore, the study illustrates the importance and benefits of robust sample preparation and clean-up to compensate for limited selectivity when low-resolution MS is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jeffery
- British American Tobacco, Research and Development, Southampton, UK
| | - Maria Carradus
- Marchwood Scientific Services, 371 Millbrook Rd W, Southampton, UK
| | - Karolina Songin
- Marchwood Scientific Services, 371 Millbrook Rd W, Southampton, UK
| | - Michael Pettit
- Marchwood Scientific Services, 371 Millbrook Rd W, Southampton, UK
| | - Karl Pettit
- Marchwood Scientific Services, 371 Millbrook Rd W, Southampton, UK
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