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Tůma P. Monitoring of biologically active substances in clinical samples by capillary and microchip electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1225:340161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hu T, Xu J, Shang M, Zhao Q, Cao Y. Photonic crystal sensor for melamine based on magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles self-assembled with an amphiphilic random copolymer. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:215. [PMID: 35524922 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (MMINPs) were obtained with a one-step process through miniemulsion self-assembly using an amphiphilic random copolymer as both an emulsifier and MMINP coating, oleic acid-modified magnetite nanoparticles as magnetic cores, and melamine (MEL) as the template molecule. MMINPs were assembled under an external magnetic field to construct photonic crystal (PC) sensor for naked-eye detection of MEL. The MMINPs were characterized by FT-IR, TEM, TGA, and VSM. The analytical performances of the magnetic molecularly imprinted PC sensor for MEL (MEL-MMIPCs) were investigated with respect to sensitivity, response time, selectivity, and stability. As the MEL concentration increases from 1.0 to 1.0 × 106 μg/l, the reflection wavelength of MEL-MMIPCs shifted from 497 to 709 nm, and was linear with the logarithm of MEL concentration in this range. The detection limit was 0.21 μg/l (S/N = 3) and response time was within 30 s. The MEL-MMIPC sensor had an imprinting factor of 5.09, and selectivity factors for the analogs cyanuric acid and atrazine were 8.76 and 5.75, respectively, indicating the high sensitivity and selectivity. After 10 cycles of elution/response, MEL-MMIPCs still had a good ability to recognize MEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyi Hu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jiasheng Xu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Meng Shang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuhua Cao
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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A Study on Double Inputs Direct Contact and Single Output Capacitively Coupled Conductivity Detector. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072729. [PMID: 35408343 PMCID: PMC9003331 DOI: 10.3390/s22072729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an improved double inputs direct contact and single output capacitively coupled conductivity detector (DISODCD) based on traditional contactless capacitively coupled conductivity detector (C4D) is developed. The sensor uses double inputs of the contact electrode and capacitively coupled output of the contactless electrode and a lock-in amplifier to reduce interfering noise signals and amplify gain. Parallel circuit counteracts the part of the adverse capacitance reactance introduced by electrode polarization and reduces the effect of the impedance caused by the coupled wall capacitance to measure the resistance of solution. The sensor reduces limit of detection (LOD) of analyte and improves the sensitivity of the device. The LOD of the potassium chloride solution is 1 nM, and the detection range is 0.01 μM to 10 mM in actual testing for a single sample. The ratio of the response of potassium chloride solution to background ultrapure water at low concentrations is better than that of double input capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (DIC4D) and direct contact conductivity detection (DCD) under the same condition. In the case that the test cell is contaminated with impurities, pollution of impurities has little effect on the response of DISODCD. In practical application, it has a good service life.
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The Inclusion in WADA Prohibited List Is Not Always Supported by Scientific Evidence: A Narrative Review. Asian J Sports Med 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.110753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Our goal was to review the current literature regarding the ability of substances that have recently been included in the WADA prohibited list (i.e., meldonium, trimetazidine, xenon, and cobalt) or in the monitoring program (i.e., ecdysterone and bemethyl) to enhance performance in athletes or cause adverse effects. Evidence Acquisition: To find out which studies led to the prohibition of the substances mentioned, we searched the PubMed database using keywords including the substances’ or methods’ names, as well as phrases related to various aspects of sports activities and health assessments of athletes. Results: The results obtained during our systematic literature search clearly indicate that there is a lack of scientific evidence supporting the impact of several substances prohibited by WADA (i.e., meldonium, trimetazidine, xenon, and cobalt) on athletic performance or on health in athletes. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence that the previously mentioned substances have any performance enhancing potential. If left on the list, meldonium may be classified as a “specified substance” because of its wide availability and due to the fact that this drug that can be easily bought over the counter without a prescription.
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Temerdashev A, Azaryan A, Dmitrieva E. Meldonium determination in milk and meat through UHPLC-HRMS. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04771. [PMID: 32904324 PMCID: PMC7452498 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and sensitive procedure for the quantification of meldonium in milk and meat by UHPLC-HRMS is presented. Some products were investigated to contain this substance due to using a veterinary drug called "Emidonol". According to the instruction for this drug, it can be used for injection (for cows) and as an additive in drinking water for chickens. Although meldonium is not a threat for human health, it is strictly prohibited in professional sports according to WADA Prohibited List. Sample preparation conditions were optimized for both matrices that allowed to eliminate matrix effects and achieve reproducible and accurate results. Protein precipitation with dilution were applied for milk samples, while chicken meat and liver were homogenized with quartz sand to achieve satisfactory meldonium recovery. The results of milk and meat samples analysis purchased at the farmers' fair are presented in this article. Meldonium concentration in raw milk was investigated to be up to 880 ng/mL. However, pasteurization can be used for partial cleanup from meldonium (up to 2 times). The same research was conducted for chicken meat and liver. Thermal treatment shows a good result for a meat cleanup. The proposed method was partially validated, limits of detection and quantification were established for each matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Temerdashev
- Kuban State University, Analytical Chemistry Department, Krasnodar, 350040, Russia
| | - A Azaryan
- Kuban State University, Analytical Chemistry Department, Krasnodar, 350040, Russia
| | - E Dmitrieva
- Kuban State University, Analytical Chemistry Department, Krasnodar, 350040, Russia
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Berlato DG, Bairros AVD. Meldonium: Pharmacological, toxicological, and analytical aspects. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847320915143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Meldonium is the active molecule from Mildronate® with similar chemical structure to an amino acid, and it is known as (3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine) propionate) (CAS 76144-81-5). This pharmaceutical substance is approved in Eastern Europe for cerebral and myocardial ischemia and has been on the World Doping Association’s banned substances list since January 2016. The goal of this review is to relate the use of meldonium as a doping agent, considering its pharmacological, toxicological, and analytical aspects. This review is based on the scientific literature from digital platforms. The main mechanism of action of meldonium is based on a decrease in l-carnitine levels and increase of peroxisomes activity in the cytosol. Females were more susceptible to the substance in animal experiments for toxicological tests. There is currently no report in the scientific literature about acute or chronic intoxication cases by meldonium in humans. Based on the literature findings, meldonium showed ergogenic effect in animals and human volunteers. For anti-doping analysis, urine is the biological matrix of choice, and dilute-and-shoot is the most common sample treatment in addition to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Other approaches could be used to determine meldonium levels, mainly for screening tests, such as l-carnitine or gamma-butyrobetaine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dener Gomes Berlato
- Nucleus of Applied Toxicology (NAT), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - André Valle de Bairros
- Nucleus of Applied Toxicology (NAT), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Yalcin E, Erkmen C, Taskin-Tok T, Caglayan MG. Fluorescence chemosensing of meldonium using a cross-reactive sensor array. Analyst 2020; 145:3345-3352. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00209g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Differential sensing of meldonium was achieved using fluorescent chemosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergin Yalcin
- Iskenderun Technical University
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Engineering Basic Sciences
- Hatay
- Turkey
| | - Cem Erkmen
- Ankara University
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Tugba Taskin-Tok
- Gaziantep University
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Gaziantep
- Turkey
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Güney S. Electrosynthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Poly‐o‐phenylenediamine on MWCNT Modified Electrode for Selective Determination of Meldonium. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Güney
- Department of ChemistryIstanbul Technical University 34469, Maslak Istanbul Turkey
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Forsdahl G, Jančić-Stojanović B, Anđelković M, Dikić N, Geisendorfer T, Jeitler V, Gmeiner G. Urinary excretion studies of meldonium after multidose parenteral application. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:289-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kubáň P, Hauser PC. Contactless conductivity detection for analytical techniques: Developments from 2016 to 2018. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:124-139. [PMID: 30010203 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The publications concerning capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for the 2-year period from mid-2016 to mid-2018 are covered in this update to the earlier reviews of the series. Relatively few reports on fundamental investigations or new designs have appeared in the literature in this time interval, but the development of new applications with the detection method has continued strongly. Most often, contactless conductivity measurements have been employed for the detection of inorganic or small organic ions in conventional capillary electrophoresis, less often in microchip electrophoresis. A number of other uses, such as detection in chromatography or the gauging of bubbles in streams have also been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter C Hauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Kim Y, Jeon M, Min H, Son J, Lee J, Kwon OS, Moon MH, Kim KH. Development of a multi-functional concurrent assay using weak cation-exchange solid-phase extraction (WCX-SPE) and reconstitution with a diluted sample aliquot for anti-doping analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:897-905. [PMID: 29572989 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In addition to the development of adequate screening methods for multiple compounds, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) requires anti-doping laboratories to analyze prohibited substances and their metabolites from various classes. This task presents a difficult challenge for all agencies and interests involved in the field of doping control. METHODS A screening method is reported in which hybrid sample preparation was performed using a combination of weak cation-exchange solid-phase extraction (WCX-SPE) and the 'Dilute and Shoot' strategy in order to take advantage of both the methodologies. Target substances were extracted using a WCX cartridge and reconstituted with a diluted sample aliquot that included 20% of an untreated urine sample. The target substances were further analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS). RESULTS The SPE procedure was optimized using a cartridge-washing step, elution conditions, and elution volume. The cartridge-washing step, which was performed using 10% methanol, improved the overall recovery of target substances. Since the recovery was observed to vary according to the pH of the eluting solution, we applied an elution step using both an acid and a basic organic solvent to achieve complementary recovery. Reconstitution of the diluted aliquot sample was performed to recover the polar substances. CONCLUSIONS The method was validated and applied to real samples in accordance with the external quality assessment scheme of WADA and to the previously reported samples that had provided positive test results. This novel method using hybrid sample preparation and LC/MS could be useful to screen multiple classes of the 264 targeted substances in anti-doping analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Kim
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Jeon
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hophil Min
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Son
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeick Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Seung Kwon
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Kim
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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Thevis M, Kuuranne T, Geyer H. Annual banned-substance review: Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing. Drug Test Anal 2017; 10:9-27. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Thevis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University Cologne; Germany
- European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents; Cologne Germany
| | - Tiia Kuuranne
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses; University Center of Legal Medicine, Genève and Lausanne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne; Epalinges Switzerland
| | - Hans Geyer
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University Cologne; Germany
- European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents; Cologne Germany
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Ma H, Bai Y, Li J, Chang YX. Screening bioactive compounds from natural product and its preparations using capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:260-274. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Ma
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine); Ministry of Education; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yun Bai
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine); Ministry of Education; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yan-xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine); Ministry of Education; Tianjin P. R. China
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Gamat SN, Fotouhi L, Talebpour Z. The application of electrochemical detection in capillary electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-016-1023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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