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Singh KRB, Natarajan A. Molecularly imprinted polymer-based optical immunosensors. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:834-844. [PMID: 35404532 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are artificial antibodies for a target molecule. The review focuses mainly on mechanistic steps involved in forming MIPs and the role of co-monomers and porogen. In addition, the electronic transition between different energy levels is explained with the help of the Jablonski diagram. Diverse receptor and target molecules for anchoring artificial MIPs are discussed, accentuating the synergetic effects obtained. The binding efficiency, selectivity, and sensitivity of various optical sensors are discussed intensively. In addition to this, we focused on synthesis, physical forms, characterization techniques, and microorganism detection of imprinted polymers. A brief investigation on the use of MIPs in cancer diagnosis is also included, and attention is extended to the important challenges faced in using imprinted polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij R B Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arunadevi Natarajan
- Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Jalalvand AR, Rashidi Z, Khajenoori M. Sensitive and selective simultaneous biosensing of nandrolone and testosterone as two anabolic steroids by a novel biosensor assisted by second-order calibration. Steroids 2023; 189:109138. [PMID: 36379297 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, our research group have focused on an interesting project in which a novel dual template molecularly imprinted (DTMIP) biosensor was fabricated and assisted by second-order differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) data for simultaneous determination of nandrolone decanoate (ND) and testosterone decanoate (TS). An indium tin oxide (ITO) was modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes-graphene-ionic liquid (MWCNT-Gr-IL) and then, the fullerene C60 was casted onto the surface of MWCNT-Gr-IL/ITO and electrochemically reduced. Finally, DTMIPs were electrosynthesized by electropolymerization of 4-aminobenzoic acid (ABA) as monomer with ND and TS as template molecules to obtain the final structure of the biosensor (DTMIP/C60/MWCNT-Gr-IL/ITO). Structure of the biosensor was electrochemically and microscopically characterized. The ND and TS generated two severely overlapped DPVs at the surface of the biosensor which forced us to assist the biosensor with three-way calibration by second-order DPV data to simultaneous determine them. Two second-order algorithms including multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) and parallel factor analysis2 (PARAFAC2) were used to build second-order calibration models and evaluation of their performance in the analysis of synthetic samples showed more superiority of the MCR-ALS than PARAFC2 which motivated us to select PARAFC2 for the analysis of urine samples as real cases. Application of the biosensor assisted by PARAFC2 for the analysis of urine samples towards simultaneous determination of ND and TS was successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali R Jalalvand
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Research Institute for Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Rashidi
- Faculty of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Khajenoori
- Faculty of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
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3
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García-Atienza P, Esteve-Turrillas F, Armenta S, Herrero-Martínez J. Ethylphenidate determination in oral fluids by molecularly imprinted polymer extraction and ion mobility spectrometry. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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4
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Song Y, Zhang Y, Wang L, Hu C, Liu ZF, Feng XS, He ZW. Cocaine in Different Matrices: Recent Updates on Pretreatment and Detection Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:529-548. [PMID: 35708993 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2087467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine abuse has attracted increased attention in the recent past since it can cause addiction and great harm to the normal human body. Due to cocaine exists in various complex matrices, the detection of it in different matrices is helpful to prevent abuse. It is thus imperative to establish efficient and accurate methods for pretreatment and detection of cocaine in different samples. The present study provides a summary of the research progress of cocaine pretreatment methods (such as different microextraction methods, QuEChERS, and solid phase extraction based on novel extraction materials) and detection approaches (such as liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, gas chromatography and related techniques, capillary electrophoresis and sensors). A comparison of the pros and cons of different pretreatment and detection methods is presented. The findings of this study will provide a reference for selection of the most suitable cocaine pretreatment and detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen-Wei He
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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5
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Latif M, Chen X, Gandhi VD, Larriba-Andaluz C, Gamez G. Field-Switching Repeller Flowing Atmospheric-Pressure Afterglow Drift Tube Ion Mobility Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:635-648. [PMID: 35235331 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a field-switching (FS) technique is employed with a flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow (FAPA) source in drift tube ion mobility spectrometry (DTIMS). The premise is to incorporate a tip-repeller electrode as a substitute for the Bradbury-Nielsen gate (BNG) so as to overcome corresponding disadvantages of the BNG, including the gate depletion effect (GDE). The DTIMS spectra were optimized in terms of peak shape and full width by inserting an aperture at the DTIMS inlet that was used to control the neutral molecules' penetration into the separation region, thus preventing neutral-ion reactions inside. The FAPA and repeller's experimental operating conditions including drift and plasma gas flow rates, pulse injection times, repeller positioning and voltage, FAPA current, and effluent angle were optimized. Ion mobility spectra of selected compounds were captured, and the corresponding reduced mobility values were calculated and compared with the literature. The 6-fold improvements in limit of detection (LOD) compared with previous work were obtained for 2,6-DTBP and acetaminophen. The enhanced performance of the FS-FAPA-DTIMS was also investigated as a function of the GDE when compared with FAPA-DTIMS containing BNG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Latif
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Viraj D Gandhi
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Carlos Larriba-Andaluz
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Gerardo Gamez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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6
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Belenguer-Sapiña C, Sáez-Hernández R, Pellicer-Castell E, Armenta S, Mauri-Aucejo A. Simultaneous determination of third-generation synthetic cannabinoids in oral fluids using cyclodextrin-silica porous sorbents. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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Jin P, Xu S, Li C, Yin W, Xu W, Hu X, Li P, Li L. Rapid screening of 16 illicit additives in herbal pharmaceuticals and health foods based on ion mobility spectrometry. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.2020816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Wenmin Yin
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Weimu Intelligent System Co. Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Weimu Intelligent System Co. Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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8
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Wan Q, Liu H, Deng Z, Bu J, Li T, Yang Y, Zhong S. A critical review of molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction technology. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Li M, Wang S, Xu C, Ruan H, Wang W, Chen C, Li H. Parallel Coupling of Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry for the Real-Time Alarm Triggering and Identification of Hazardous Chemical Leakages. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11852-11858. [PMID: 34406745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hazardous chemical leakages involved in chemical terrorist attacks and chemical industrial accidents have been posing severe threats to human health and the environment. Vehicle-mounted mass spectrometry (MS) has been developed for continuous, on-road measurements to map the spatial and temporal distributions of hazardous chemicals. However, the detection of chemicals with small temporal scales and spatial scales is always challenging. In this study, a parallel coupling apparatus combining the techniques of ion mobility spectrometry and ion trap MS (p-IMS-ITMS) was developed to improve the detection rate and the time response capability of a stand-alone ITMS system for short time-span chemical tracking. A workflow was also proposed along with the apparatus, where the ITMS system can be triggered, as chemical suspects were discovered with the IMS system. The sampling positions of the ITMS system were investigated and optimized. In addition, a strategy was proposed to diminish the time span of samples from 1.5 to 0.5 s for evaluating the performances of the p-IMS-ITMS system. The detection rate of the stand-alone ITMS system was measured to be only 9.5, 32, and 87.5% for the time span of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 s, respectively. By comparison, the detection rates of the p-IMS-ITMS system were 99.5, 100, and 100%, where the detection rate was increased by a factor of 10 for 0.5 s time span. Moreover, the addition of an IMS system could provide temporal patterns of hazardous chemicals with a resolution of 33 ms. Finally, the potential of the p-IMS-ITMS system for environmental navigation monitoring and assessment was further demonstrated by detecting the leakages of dimethyl methyl phosphonate and dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China.,Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chuting Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huiwen Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
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10
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Molecularly imprinted polymers as a selective sorbent for forensic applications in biological samples-a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6013-6036. [PMID: 34430982 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) consist of a molecular recognition technology with applicability in different areas, including forensic chemistry. Among the forensic applications, the use of MIP in biological fluid analysis has gained prominence. Biological fluids are complex samples that generally require a pre-treatment to eliminate interfering agents to improve the results of the analyses. In this review, we address the development of this molecular imprinting technology over the years, highlighting the forensic applications of molecularly imprinted polymers in biological sample preparation for analysis of stimulant drugs such as cocaine, amphetamines, and nicotine.
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11
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Amador VS, Moreira JS, Augusti R, Orlando RM, Piccin E. Direct coupling of paper spray mass spectrometry and four-phase electroextraction sample preparation. Analyst 2021; 146:1057-1064. [PMID: 33331369 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01699c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel coupling between a four-phase electroextraction (EE) system and paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) for the extraction, pre-concentration, and direct analysis of target compounds in different samples. The approach, EE-PS-MS, is based on the sorption of analytes directly on the tip of a triangular-shaped chromatographic paper, with subsequent prompt analysis by PS-MS. Thus, no off-line extraction step is required before the PS analysis, improving the protocol efficiency and reducing the analysis time. In addition to functioning as a porous material to absorb the target compounds, the chromatographic paper also served as the support for one of the aqueous phases of the optimized four-phase electroextraction system. Extraction conditions, such as the composition of the donor and organic phases, applied electric potential, and extraction time, were optimized. Three different applications, involving biofluid, food, and water quality analysis, were evaluated as a proof-of-concept. These applications involved the determination of (i) cocaine and lidocaine in saliva, (ii) malachite green in tap water, and (iii) bisphenol A (BPA) in red wine. When compared with direct PS-MS, the novel EE-PS-MS protocol improved the sensitivities by factors ranging from 14 to 110, depending on the analyte and the sample. The electroextraction procedures were performed on a laboratory-built 66-well plate, which offered the functionality of simultaneous sample handling and, most importantly, improved analytical throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Silva Amador
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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12
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Hu T, Chen R, Wang Q, He C, Liu S. Recent advances and applications of molecularly imprinted polymers in solid-phase extraction for real sample analysis. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:274-309. [PMID: 33236831 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sample pretreatment is essential for the analysis of complicated real samples due to their complex matrices and low analyte concentrations. Among all sample pretreatment methods, solid-phase extraction is arguably the most frequently used one. However, the majority of available solid-phase extraction adsorbents suffer from limited selectivity. Molecularly imprinted polymers are a type of tailor-made artificial antibodies and receptors with specific recognition sites for target molecules. Using molecularly imprinted polymers instead of conventional adsorbents can greatly improve the selectivity of solid-phase extraction, and therefore molecularly imprinted polymer-based solid-phase extraction has been widely applied to separation, clean up and/or preconcentration of target analytes in various kinds of real samples. In this article, after a brief introduction, the recent developments and applications of molecularly imprinted polymer-based solid-phase extraction for determination of different analytes in complicated real samples during the 2015-2020 are reviewed systematically, including the solid-phase extraction modes, molecularly imprinted adsorbent types and their preparations, and the practical applications of solid-phase extraction to various real samples (environmental, food, biological, and pharmaceutical samples). Finally, the challenges and opportunities of using molecularly imprinted polymer-based solid-phase extraction for real sample analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Run Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chiyang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing and Finishing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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13
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Sorribes-Soriano A, Herrero-Martínez JM, Esteve-Turrillas FA, Armenta S. Molecularly imprinted polymer-based device for field collection of oral fluid samples for cocaine identification. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1633:461629. [PMID: 33128968 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a low-cost, rapid, easy, and potentially portable tool for the identification of cocaine and its semi-quantitative determination in oral fluid has been proposed. A field collection device has been designed, based on a cotton pad with an indicator and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sorbent, to selective retain cocaine from oral fluid components. After sample collection, cocaine is transferred by using phosphate buffer to the MIP and then eluted with 2-propanol. The obtained extract is analysed by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), providing a cut-off value of 20 µg L-1 that identifies 100 % true-positive and 95 % true-negative samples. The MIP-IMS procedure has been validated by the analysis of oral fluid samples, collected from cocaine users at recreation environments, by comparing the results with lateral flow immunoassay and chromatographic reference methods. Thus, the proposed methodology allows a simple and fast cocaine identification that can be carried out in field by non-specialized personnel, such as health personnel, law enforcement bodies, and customs staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sorribes-Soriano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50th Dr. Moliner St., 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - J M Herrero-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50th Dr. Moliner St., 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - F A Esteve-Turrillas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50th Dr. Moliner St., 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - S Armenta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50th Dr. Moliner St., 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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14
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García-Valverde M, Soriano M, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Cotton fibers functionalized with β-cyclodextrins as selectivity enhancer for the direct infusion mass spectrometric determination of cocaine and methamphetamine in saliva samples. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1126:133-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Jones NS, Comparin JH. Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:608-669. [PMID: 33385148 PMCID: PMC7770462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in controlled substances from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Comparin
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
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16
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Özgür E, Saylan Y, Bereli N, Türkmen D, Denizli A. Molecularly imprinted polymer integrated plasmonic nanosensor for cocaine detection. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:1211-1222. [PMID: 32238027 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1751524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A molecularly imprinted polymeric nanofilm was prepared for cocaine detection and applied to plasmonic nanosensor for real-time kinetic, selectivity and reusability analyses. The sensing polymeric surface was fabricated by synthesizing a selective and specific nanofilm on the gold plasmonic nanosensor surface. After characterization experiments with atomic force microscopy, ellipsometer, and contact angle measurements, the kinetic studies of cocaine detection in aqueous solutions in a wide concentration range between 0.2-100 μg/mL were applied to plasmonic nanosensor system at 24 °C with a low limit of detection (0.1 μg/L) and quantification values (0.3 μg/L) and the results showed that this molecularly imprinted polymeric nanofilm integrated plasmonic nanosensor is providing a model for the fastest, most accurate and most precise identification of the cocaine molecule which constitutes a large part of the workload of forensic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdoğan Özgür
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Advanced Technologies Application and Research Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yeşeren Saylan
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilay Bereli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Türkmen
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Sorribes-Soriano A, Sánchez-Martínez S, Arráez-González R, Esteve-Turrillas F, Armenta S. Methylone determination in oral fluid using microextraction by packed sorbent coupled to ion mobility spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Bouvarel T, Delaunay N, Pichon V. Selective extraction of cocaine from biological samples with a miniaturized monolithic molecularly imprinted polymer and on-line analysis in nano-liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1096:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Sardaremelli S, Razmi H, Hasanzadeh M, Shadjou N. A novel bioassay for the monitoring of hydrogen peroxide in human plasma samples based on binding of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated prostate specific antigen to poly (toluidine blue) as imprinted polymer receptor. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:311-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Pichon
- Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, Bioanalytiques et Miniaturisation-UMR Chimie Biologie Innovation 8231, ESPCI Paris, CNRS , PSL* Research University , 10 rue Vauquelin , 75005 Paris , France.,Sorbonne Université , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Nathalie Delaunay
- Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, Bioanalytiques et Miniaturisation-UMR Chimie Biologie Innovation 8231, ESPCI Paris, CNRS , PSL* Research University , 10 rue Vauquelin , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Audrey Combès
- Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, Bioanalytiques et Miniaturisation-UMR Chimie Biologie Innovation 8231, ESPCI Paris, CNRS , PSL* Research University , 10 rue Vauquelin , 75005 Paris , France
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21
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Kamarudin SF, Ahmad MN, Mohamed Dzahir IH, Ishak N, Ab Halim NF. Development of quercetin imprinted membranes-based PVDF substrate. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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22
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Sorribes-Soriano A, Arráez-González R, Esteve-Turrillas F, Armenta S, Herrero-Martínez J. Development of a molecularly imprinted monolithic polymer disk for agitation-extraction of ecgonine methyl ester from environmental water. Talanta 2019; 199:388-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Fast extraction of chloramphenicol from marine sediments by using magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:428. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Sorribes-Soriano A, Esteve-Turrillas FA, Armenta S, Amorós P, Herrero-Martínez JM. Amphetamine-type stimulants analysis in oral fluid based on molecularly imprinting extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1052:73-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Tavakkoli N, Soltani N, Mohammadi F. A nanoporous gold-based electrochemical aptasensor for sensitive detection of cocaine. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14296-14301. [PMID: 35519350 PMCID: PMC9066177 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01292c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing application of aptamers in bioassays has triggered a lot of research interest for development of highly sensitive and selective sensing platforms. Herein, we report on the design of a sensitive cocaine biosensor by immobilizing the 5′-disulfide-functionalized end of an aptamer sequence on a nanoporous gold (NPG) electrode followed by the conjugation of its 3′-amino-functionalized end to 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) as the redox probe. In the presence of cocaine, the aptamer undergoes a conformational change from an open unfolded state to a closed conformation, which reduces the distance between DHBA and the electrode surface, resulting in the enhanced electron-transfer efficiency. Using square wave voltammetric method and under the optimal conditions, the cocaine aptasensor presented two linear responses in the concentration ranges between 0.05–1 and 1–35 μM, with an excellent detection limit of 21 nM. The proposed aptasensor provides a simple and low-cost method for cocaine detection with good reproducibility and accuracy. Furthermore, it could be regarded as a general model to investigate the unique function of aptamer-functionalized nanostructured electrodes to stablish highly advanced electrochemical biosensors for various target analytes of diagnostic importance. The increasing application of aptamers in bioassays has triggered a lot of research interest for development of highly sensitive and selective sensing platforms.![]()
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26
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Sun T, Wang D, Tang Y, Xing X, Zhuang J, Cheng J, Du Z. Fabric-phase sorptive extraction coupled with ion mobility spectrometry for on-site rapid detection of PAHs in aquatic environment. Talanta 2018; 195:109-116. [PMID: 30625520 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of water is a high risk to human health, so there is an urgent need to rapidly detect water pollution in the field. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is suitable for on-site analysis with the merit of rapid analysis and compact size. In this study, we developed a new method which coupled fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) with IMS for rapid detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water present in the field. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was coated on the glass fiber cloth through a sol-gel reaction. After extracting the PAHs in water, the fabric coated PDMS could be directly put into the inlet of IMS instrument for thermal desorption. The PAHs were analyzed by the IMS instrument operated in the positive ion mode with a corona discharge (CD) ionization source. The primary parameters affecting extraction efficiency such as extraction time, extraction temperature, and ionic strength were investigated and optimized by using phenanthrene (Phe), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as model compounds. Under the optimal conditions, the FPSE-IMS detection limits were 5 ng ml-1,8 ng ml-1 and 10 ng ml-1 respectively. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained in the range from 80.5% to 100.5% by testing the spiked real water samples and validated by the standard method(HJ487-2009). Based on the results, the method of FPSE-IMS could be feasibly applied for monitoring the water quality on-site and providing early warning in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangqiang Sun
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Tang
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebin Xing
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingcong Zhuang
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Cheng
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxia Du
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
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Sorribes-Soriano A, de la Guardia M, Esteve-Turrillas FA, Armenta S. Trace analysis by ion mobility spectrometry: From conventional to smart sample preconcentration methods. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1026:37-50. [PMID: 29852992 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a rapid and high sensitive technique widely used in security and forensic areas. However, a lack of selectivity is usually observed in the analysis of complex samples due to the scarce resolution of the technique. The literature concerning the use of conventional and novel smart materials in the pretreatment and preconcentration of samples previous to IMS determinations has been critically reviewed. The most relevant strategies to enhance selectivity and sensitivity of IMS determinations have been widely discussed, based in the use of smart materials, as immunosorbents, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), ionic liquids (ILs) and nanomaterial. The observed trend is focused on the development of IMS analytical methods in combination of selective sample treatments in order to achieve quick, reliable, sensitive, and selective methods for the analysis of complex samples such as biological fluids, food, or environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sorribes-Soriano
- Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, 50(th) Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - M de la Guardia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, 50(th) Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - F A Esteve-Turrillas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, 50(th) Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - S Armenta
- Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, 50(th) Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
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Xiao D, Jiang Y, Bi Y. Molecularly imprinted polymers for the detection of illegal drugs and additives: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:247. [PMID: 29619574 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This review (with 154 refs.) describes the current status of using molecularly imprinted polymers in the extraction and quantitation of illicit drugs and additives. The review starts with an introduction into some synthesis methods (lump MIPs, spherical MIPs, surface imprinting) of MIPs using illicit drugs and additives as templates. The next section covers applications, with subsections on the detection of illegal additives in food, of doping in sports, and of illicit addictive drugs. A particular focus is directed towards current limitations and challenges, on the optimization of methods for preparation of MIPs, their applicability to aqueous samples, the leakage of template molecules, and the identification of the best balance between adsorption capacity and selectivity factor. At last, the need for convincing characterization methods, the lack of uniform parameters for defining selectivity, and the merits and demerits of MIPs prepared using nanomaterials are addressed. Strategies are suggested to solve existing problems, and future developments are discussed with respect to a more widespread use in relevant fields. Graphical abstract This review gives a comprehensive overview of the advances made in molecularly imprinting of polymers for use in the extraction and quantitation of illicit drugs and additives. Methods for syntheses, highlighted applications, limitations and current challenges are specifically addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yanping Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, No. 619, Changcheng Road, Tai'an, 271016, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective determination of cocaine by ion mobility spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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JAFARI MT, REZAEI B, BAHRAMI H. Magnetic Dual-template Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for the Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen and Codeine in Urine Samples by Ion Mobility Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.34.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Behzad REZAEI
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology
| | - Hajar BAHRAMI
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology
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31
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Yang Y, Meng X, Xiao Z. Synthesis of a surface molecular imprinting polymer based on silica and its application in the identification of nitrocellulose. RSC Adv 2018; 8:9802-9811. [PMID: 35540849 PMCID: PMC9078706 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13264f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A surface molecular imprinting polymer (MIP) based on silica (SiO2/MIP) with excellent selective identification properties towards nitrocellulose (NC) was synthesized with methylacrylic acid as a functional monomer and NC as a template molecule, through simple in situ polymerization. The functional groups of SiO2/MIP were studied through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology, crystalline state and thermostability of SiO2/MIP were investigated respectively by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. Binding capacity and selectivity studies of SiO2/MIP for NC and its analogues were carried out through ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The thermal analysis and study of crystalline states confirmed the successful imprinting of NC in the polymer networks. The optimized conditions were found to be a polymerization temperature of 45 °C and a functional monomer to cross-linking ratio of 1 : 3. The adsorption capacity of SiO2/MIP was improved considerably compared with that of polymers prepared by traditional imprinting technology, with a maximum adsorption amount of 1.7 mg mg−1 in 2 mg ml−1 NC solution, compared with an adsorption capacity of about 0.5 mg mg−1 for a traditional MIP. According to the selectivity study, more NC was adsorbed by SiO2/MIP than its analogues; the best adsorption capacity of SiO2/MIP for NC was approaching 5 times that for carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The results show that it would be possible to apply SiO2/MIP for the detection of NC, to give improved sensitivity in security checking and improved contaminant adsorption. A novel surface molecular imprinting polymer was prepared which displayed excellent specificity, selectivity and a large adsorption capacity for nitrocellulose.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Zhenggang Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
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Li M, Ma H, Gao J, Zhang L, Wang X, Liu D, Bian J, Jiang Y. Rapid screening of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs illegally added in anti-rheumatic herbal supplements and herbal remedies by portable ion mobility spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:203-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Cocovi-Solberg DJ, Esteve-Turrillas FA, Armenta S, de la Guardia M, Miró M. Towards an automatic lab-on-valve-ion mobility spectrometric system for detection of cocaine abuse. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1512:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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34
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Ratiu IA, Bocos-Bintintan V, Patrut A, Moll VH, Turner M, Thomas CLP. Discrimination of bacteria by rapid sensing their metabolic volatiles using an aspiration-type ion mobility spectrometer (a-IMS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 982:209-217. [PMID: 28734362 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to investigate whether one may quickly and reliably discriminate different microorganism strains by direct monitoring of the headspace atmosphere above their cultures. Headspace samples above a series of in vitro bacterial cultures were directly interrogated using an aspiration type ion mobility spectrometer (a-IMS), which produced distinct profiles ("fingerprints") of ion currents generated simultaneously by the detectors present inside the ion mobility cell. Data processing and analysis using principal component analysis showed net differences in the responses produced by volatiles emitted by various bacterial strains. Fingerprint assignments were conferred on the basis of product ion mobilities; ions of differing size and mass were deflected in a different degree upon their introduction of a transverse electric field, impacting finally on a series of capacitors (denominated as detectors, or channels) placed in a manner analogous to sensor arrays. Three microorganism strains were investigated - Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus; all strains possess a relatively low pathogenic character. Samples of air with a 5 cm3 volume from the headspace above the bacterial cultures in agar growth medium were collected using a gas-tight chromatographic syringe and injected inside the closed-loop pneumatic circuit of the breadboard a-IMS instrument model ChemPro-100i (Environics Oy, Finland), at a distance of about 1 cm from the ionization source. The resulting chemical fingerprints were produced within two seconds from the moment of injection. The sampling protocol involved to taking three replicate samples from each of 10 different cultures for a specific strain, during a total period of 72 h after the initial incubation - at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to discriminate between the IMS fingerprints. PCA was found to successfully discriminate between bacteria at three levels in the experimental campaign: 1) between blank samples from growth medium and samples from bacterial cultures, 2) between samples from different bacterial strains, and 3) between time evolutions of headspace samples from the same bacterial strain over the 3-day sampling period. Consistent classification between growth medium samples and growth medium inoculated with bacteria was observed in both positive and negative detection/ionization modes. In parallel, headspace air samples of 1 dm3 were collected from each bacterial culture and loaded onto Tenax™-Carbograph desorption tubes, using a custom built sampling unit based on a portable sampling pump. One sample was taken for each of 10 different cultures of a strain, at 24, 48 and 72 h after the initial incubation. These adsorption tubes were subsequently analyzed using thermal desorption - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). This second dataset was intended to produce a qualitative analysis of the volatiles present in the headspace above the bacterial cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Andreea Ratiu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. Fântânele 30, Cluj-Napoca, RO-400294, Romania; Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 4 Wileńska Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Victor Bocos-Bintintan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. Fântânele 30, Cluj-Napoca, RO-400294, Romania
| | - Adrian Patrut
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. Arany Janos 11, Cluj-Napoca, RO-400028, Romania
| | - Victor Hugo Moll
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Ashley Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Turner
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Ashley Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - C L Paul Thomas
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Ashley Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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